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Combining multivariate statistical analysis to shed light on distribution and interaction of halogens in two economic ports along Red Sea Coast in Egypt

Zokm Gehan M. El, El-Said Ghada F., El Sayed Abeer A.M.

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (1)

103--106

EN

Mabahiss Bay and Safaga Bay are two important ports along the Red Sea coast of Egypt. The present study is the first to monitor halogen concentrations in these two ports. Certain halogens (F, Cl, Br and I) in coastal waters and sediments exhibited different behaviors. Fluoride (1.92–8.31 mg/L and 0.34–1.24 mg/g), chloride (20.76–22.68 g/L and 0.38–8.31 mg/g), bromide (95.90–151.84 mg/l and 6.66–50.61 mg/g), and iodide (2.77–39.19 μg/L and 1.71–3.76 μg/g) appeared in the seawater and sediments of Mabahiss Bay, respectively. In Safaga Bay, F, Cl, Br and I yielded ranges of (1.80–10.15 mg/L and 0.14–0.74 mg/g), (21.47–22.57 g/L and 0.68–1.42 mg/g), (15.98–146.51 mg/L and 6.13–74.59 mg/g) in seawater and sediments, respectively. In Mabashis Bay exclusively, the bromide and iodide levels in seawater increased significantly, and the sediments were vice versa. The average fluoride value in the two ports' seawater was higher than that in the unpolluted Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, the average bromide content in Mabahiss Bay seawater exceeded the Mediterranean Sea level. The seawater chloride content of the two ports was within the Mediterranean seawater's value, but the iodide concentration was lower than that of the unpolluted seawater. The application of different multivariate statistical techniques showed that halogen's distribution and halogen's geochemical characteristics control interaction in each region, ground flux, and proximity to human sources.

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Wpływ metod analiz na niepewność oznaczeń chlorowców w wodach powierzchniowych zlewni górnej Odry i w wodach kopalnianych do niej odprowadzanych

Dwornik M., Kmiecik E., Bebek M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

705--709

EN

In this paper the total uncertainty and its components (geochemical, sampling and analytical) were assessed with use of the empirical approach. For uncertainty estimation there were used results from analyses of normal and control (duplicate) samples, which were collected within monitoring of Upper Odra River Basin surface water and coalmine water inducted to it. Moreover, the influence of analyses method on the measurement uncertainty was examined. Results of ICP-MS, IC and titration methods were compared. The assessment of total uncertainty and its components was shown on the example of halogens (Cl −, Br − and I −) results delivered from normal and duplicate samples analyses.

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Chlorowce w wodach słonych i solankach odprowadzanych z kopalń węgla kamiennego do zlewni górnej Odry

Pluta I.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2013

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nr 11

3--7

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki kompleksowych badań zawartości chlorowców (Cl, Br, I, F) w wodach słonych i solankach odprowadzanych z kopalń do zlewni górnej Odry. Największe ilości jonu chlorkowego stwierdzono w wodach odprowadzanych z kopalń: „Dębieńsko”, „Knurów-Szczygłowice” ruch Knurów i „Sośnica-Makoszowy” ruch Sośnica, natomiast bromu i jodu w solankach z kopalń: „Budryk”, „Dębieńsko” i „Sośnica-Makoszowy” ruch Sośnica. W wodach tych ponad dwudziestokrotnie przekroczona jest największa dopuszczalna zawartość jonu chlorkowego określona w rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska. z dnia 24 lipca 2006 r. w sprawie warunków, jakie należy spełniać przy wprowadzaniu ścieków do wód lub do ziemi, oraz w sprawie substancji szczególnie szkodliwych dla środowiska wodnego Zawartości chlorowców (I, F) kwalifikowałyby te wody do wód leczniczych

EN

The paper presents the results of comprehensive studies in the content of halogens (Cl, Br, I, F) in salt water and brine discharged from mining facilities to the Upper Oder river basin. The highest concentrations of chloride ion were found in the discharge waters from the following mines: "Dębieńsko", "Knurów-Szczygłowice" Knurów Operations, and "Sośnica-Makoszowy" Sośnica Operations; the highest concentration of bromine and iodine were found in brine from the mines: "Budryk", "Dębieńsko", and "Sośnica-Makoszowy" Sośnica Operations. The highest permissible chloride ion concentration in the waters is exceeded by a factor of over twenty, as defined in the Regulation of the Polish Ministry of Environment dated 24 July 2006 concerning the requirements for discharge of sewage to water or soils and concerning substances of extreme aquatic toxicity. The halogen (I, F) concentrations may qualify the water concerned as medicinal water; however, such use will require selective intake and treatment.

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Theoretical study on the kinetics and mechanism of reactions of halogen atoms with trifluoromethanol

Brudnik K., Jodkowski J. T., Ratajczak E.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Chemistry

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2003

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Vol. 51, No. 2

77-91

EN

Quantum mechanical ab initio calculations have been performed at various levels of theory to study kinetics of the reactions of fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms with trifluoromethanol. Total energies were improved by using Gaussian-2 (G2) methodology. It is shown that the considered reactions proceed with formation of intermediate complexes. The mechanism of the reactions studied appears to be more complex and may consist of three elementary steps. The heights of the calculated energy barriers explain the differences of the reactivity of F, C1 and Br atoms towards CFsOH. The rate constants and their temperature dependence for the reactions CFsOH + X (fcx) and CFaO + HX (kfix) were calculated. The derived analytical expressions [chemical formulas] allow the description of the kinetics of the reactions under investigation. This is of considerable importance for the chemical modelling studies because of the lack of experimental measurements.