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Oświetlenie boisk piłkarskich zgodnie z wymaganiami klas oświetleniowych definiowanych normą PN-EN 12193

Supronowicz Robert

Elektro Info

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2019

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nr 5

79--83

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ilościowe oraz jakościowe wymogi oświetleniowe stawiane boiskom sportowym do piłki nożnej. Wykonano przegląd oraz porównano parametry dostępnych rozwiązań oświetleniowych stosowanych na obiektach sportowych. Zamieszczono praktyczne wskazówki optymalizacji oświetlenia obiektów sportowych wykonanych w I, II oraz III klasie oświetleniowej. Uwzględniono również informacje dotyczące metod ograniczania zanieczyszczenie oświetleniem boiska okolicznych obiektów oraz nieboskłonu.

EN

The paper presents quantitative and qualitative lighting requirements for football sports fields. A review of available lighting solutions was carried out and its parameters were compared. Additionally in that paper there are practical tips to optimize the lighting of sports facilities made in the first, second and third lighting class. Information on methods of limitation by sport facility light pollution also taken into account.

2

Examination of the vehicle light intensity in terms of road traffic safety: a case study

Vrábel J., Rievaj V., Synák F., Babic D.

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2018

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Vol. 81, nr 3

119--128

EN

Road transport is an essential part of modern life. It brings with itself, besides the desired effects, negative aspects as well. Negative aspect is not only the emissions production but also the traffic accidents occurrence even with tragic consequences. In proportion to traffic intensity, accidents during decreased visibility represent a significant share. A driver has a limited source of information at this time, since only vehicle headlights illuminate the runway and its surroundings. However, these do not only illuminate the roadway ahead of the vehicle, but part of the emitted light also falls into the drivers’ eyes of vehicles in the opposite direction. Thus, the eyes of such glared drivers worse recognize details, or lose the ability to see at all, i.e. vision ability. The level of vision loss depends on the light intensity that falls into the drivers’ eyes in the opposite direction. This light intensity is related not only to the correct headlights alignment (setting) but also to their design. In this paper, three generations of headlights in terms of the light intensity falling into the driver’s eyes of the vehicle in the opposite direction are compared. The headlights alignment of the examined vehicles was checked prior to measurements in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements. Given the fact that intensity of the emitted light is also related to the age of the used source, they have been replaced by the new ones. For the reason of objectivity, examination was performed at night at the New Moon phase, thus it did not light up. The starlight also did not affect the measurement results because it was cloudy, but it did not rain. There were no artificial sources of light near the measuring point.

3

Wpływ czynników eksploatacyjnych na parametry pracy żarówek halogenowych H7

Styła S.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2015

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R. 22, nr 12

2133--2136, CD

PL

Na rynku można spotkać żarówki halogenowe H7 produkowane przez wielu producentów. Stosowane są one zarówno w światłach mijania, jak i drogowych. Żarówki tego typu różnią się parametrami pracy, a ich cena waha się od kilku do kilkunastu złotych. W artykule przeprowadzono badania siedemnastu żarówek halogenowym H7 znanych producentów. Zbadano wpływ czynników eksploatacyjnych na ich parametry pracy. Na podstawie badań określono zalety i wady badanych żarówek. Badania przeprowadzono na stanowisku laboratoryjnym z wykorzystaniem reflektora samochodowego.

EN

At the moment there are many types of H7 halogen bulbs available on the market. They are used in both the low beam and the road beam. Their price varies from a few to several Polish zloty. They also differ in operating parameters. The article presents research results of seventeen H7 halogen bulbs. The impact of exploitation factors on the operating parameters were examined. Based on the research main advantages and disadvantages of bulbs were identified. The research was performed on a laboratory equipped with car reflector.

4

Oznaczanie halogenów w biogazie

Holewa J., Szlęk M., Król A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2014

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T. 93, nr 10

1717-1719

PL

Przedstawiono zmodyfikowaną metodę spaleniową sprzężoną z chromatografią jonową, którą wykorzystano do oznaczania zawartości halogenów w biogazie. Opisano etapy optymalizacji i sprawdzenia zarówno metody poboru próbek, jak i metody analitycznej. Oceniono jakość biogazu produkowanego w Polsce.

EN

The modified combustion method conjugated with ion chromatog. was used for detn. of Cl and F contents in the biogas. The biogas flow rate and sampling time were optimized. The method was used for analyzing biogas from wastewater treatment plants, landfills and agricultural biogas plants. The highest Cl and F contents were obsd. in the landfill biogas but they did not exceed the allowable values.