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Mosses as biomonitor of air pollution with analytes originating from tobacco smoke

Rajfur M., Świsłowski P., Nowainski F., Śmiechowicz B.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

2018

R. 23, NR 1-2

127--136

The aim of the carried out research was the assessment of the possibility to use a popular bioindicator - Pleurozium schreberi mosses as a biosensor of the air pollution in living quarters with the analytes originating from tobacco smoke. The moss bag method of active biomonitoring, popular in environmental studies, was applied; the method is based on exposing mosses collected in clean areas in the locations polluted with, for example, heavy metals. However, this experiment involved exposing mosses in living quarters, in which approximately 10 cigarettes were smoked daily (first room - kitchen). For the purpose of comparison, moss samples were also placed in another room (bedroom), which was potentially not polluted. After three months of exposure, the following heavy metals were determined in mosses: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg, using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. Additionally, these analytes were also determined in hair samples from the persons smoking in the room and from other smokers; the determined metal concentrations were compared with the results of the studies carried out using hair samples collected from non-smokers. On the basis of carried out research it was confirmed that, among others, the mosses exposed in living quarters accumulate heavy metals, such as Ni, Zn, Pb and Hg, which originate from tobacco smoke. Higher heavy metal concentrations were determined in hair samples from smokers, compared to hair samples from non-smokers.

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena możliwości wykorzystania popularnego bioindykatora mchów z gatunku Pleurozium schreberi jako bioczujnika zanieczyszczenia powietrza w pomieszczeniach mieszkalnych analitami pochodzącymi z dymu tytoniowego. Zastosowano popularną w badaniach środowiskowych metodę woreczkową biomonitoringu aktywnego (moss bag), polegającą na eksponowaniu mchów pobranych z terenów czystych na obszarach zanieczyszczonych np. metalami ciężkimi. Jednak w tym eksperymencie mchy eksponowano w lokalu mieszkalnym, w którym codziennie wypalanych było około 10 papierosów (pierwsze pomieszczenie - kuchnia). Dla porównania, próbki mchów były również umieszczone w drugim pomieszczeniu (w sypialni) - w pomieszczeniu potencjalnie niezanieczyszczonym. W mchach po trzymiesięcznej ekspozycji oznaczono metale ciężkie: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb i Hg metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej. Dodatkowo anality te również oznaczono w próbkach włosów osoby palącej w tym pomieszczeniu oraz innych osób palących, a stężenia metali w nich oznaczone porównano z wynikami badań przeprowadzonych z wykorzystaniem próbek włosów pobranych od osób niepalących. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono m.in., że mchy eksponowane w pomieszczeniach mieszkalnych akumulują metale ciężkie, m.in. Ni, Zn, Pb i Hg, pochodzące z dymu tytoniowego. Oznaczono większe stężenia metali ciężkich w próbkach włosów palaczy w porównaniu do próbek włosów pobranych od osób niepalących.

Effect of diet on mechanical properties of horse's hair

Kania M., Mikołajewska D., Marycz K., Kobielarz M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2009

Vol. 11, nr 3

53-57

The aim of this research was to assess the effect of diet supplementation with zinc and copper, in different chemical forms (organic and inorganic), on the mechanical properties of the hair of healthy English thoroughbred horses. Hairs were taken from 18 horses which had been fed with oats and hay for a period of 110 days. Twelve of the horses had been additionally given a daily dose of 700 g of highquality 44-ingredients Fohlengold St-Hippolyt muesli made by Muhle Ebert Dilheim. Six of them had received the muesli-containing organic zinc and copper (OS), while the other six horses had received the muesli-containing inorganic zinc and copper (IS). The mechanical properties of the hairs before and after the supplementation period were tested in a Synergie 100 (MTS) testing machine. Each of the hairs was loaded at a constant rate of 20 mm/min until rupture. Young modulus (E), breaking stress (Ru) and yield point (Rs) of the particular hairs were determined. No significant changes in the mechanical parameters were observed in the reference group in which the horses were fed with only oats and hay for the whole experimental period of 110 days. The supplementation of the diet with inorganic zinc and copper resulted in an increase in the elasticity and diameter of the hairs and in a simultaneous reduction in their strength. Whereas organic zinc and copper caused an increase in the elasticity and strength of the hairs and a simultaneous reduction in their diameter. It has been shown that the organic form of the supplemented trace zinc and copper (mainly copper) elements has a beneficial effect on the mechanical properties of the hairs since it results in an increase in both their elasticity and strength.