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Habitat preferences of some neophytes with a reference to habitat disturbances

Myśliwy M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 3

509--526

EN

The spread of species far from their native range is an important component of global changes. Investigating the ability of alien plants to invade different habitats is one of the most important approaches in the analysis of biological invasion mechanisms. The study was based on floristic research carried out in 1998–2002 in the north-western part of Poland. The habitats sampled were classified according to the EUNIS classification. A dataset of 2638 naturalized neophyte records was compiled based on a total of 2132 floristic lists. Species entries were supplemented with data on taxonomic position (family), origin, frequency, life form and number of habitats a particular species colonises. Ordination analyses showed the level of disturbance in individual habitats to be important in species-habitats relationships. Some of the species (e.g. Chamomilla suaveolens, Galinsoga parviflora, Veronica persica) occurred mainly in man-made, heavily disturbed habitats, while others (e.g. Impatiens parviflora, Padus serotina, Quercus rubra) were present primarily in natural habitats, less affected by humans. The species with the broadest habitat ranges identified included, i.a. Conyza canadensis, Impatiens parviflora, Epilobium ciliatum, and Oxalis fontana. Most of them, however, had different “core” habitats. Some species, e.g. Juncus tenuis, Elodea canadensis, Veronica persica were associated with one or a few habitats. The ability of species to invade numerous habitat types did not depend on their invasive status. The most successful aliens are those which spread dynamically along forest paths as well as those penetrating forest communities. The phytocoenotic role of each naturalized neophyte in plant communities requires a detailed study.Each individual habitat supports well-established alien species whose traits fit its characteristics and the disturbance intensity. Analysis of alien species traits, local distribution, habitat preferences and range makes it possible to reliably assess potentially successful invaders.

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Colonization by Robinia pseudoacacia of various soil and habitat types outside woodlands in a traditional Central-European agricultural landscape

Ivajnsic D., Cousins S., Kaligaric M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 2

301-309

EN

The invasiveness of Robinia pseudoacacia, one of the most invasive alien tree species in the agricultural landscapes of Central Europe, was studied in relation to its colonization of various soil and habitat types. The study area was a traditional agricultural landscape in Goricko Landscape Park (Slovenia), a hilly region, where half the territory is covered by forests and where R. pseudoacacia is also common. Habitat mapping in the field with a resolution of two meters was applied and further elaborated in GIS. It revealed 1307 patches colonized by R. pseudoacacia and belonging to 11 habitat types, covering 0.6% of the total study area. The most widespread were pure R. pseudoacacia stands, representing 69% of the total patch area. R. pseudoacacia is also abundantly present in small woodlots (19%) and in lowland and collinar riverine willow scrub (6%). The patches vary little in fractal dimension; the elongation index is highest in lowland and collinar riverine willow scrub, stream ash-alder woods and mixed stands. The most frequently invaded soil is pseudogley, with more than 38% of the total surface, followed by 21% for fluvisol and 17% for eutric cambisol. We confirmed that distance from nearest woodland is important, since almost 32% of the invaded patches are found at a distance of 1-100 meters from closed woodland.

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Effect of vegetation and soil conditions on burrow structure and site selection of rare desert rodent - Iranian jerboa (Allactaga firouzi)

Naderi G., Hemami M., Mohammadi S., Riazi B., Karami M., Kaboli M., Alesheikh A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

403-411

EN

The Iranian jerboa (Allactaga firouzi Womochel, 1978) is one of the rarest rodent species in the world and it has been reported exclusively from a single site in central Iran. Because of its restricted geographical distribution and habitat degradation, it has been classified as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List. From April 2007 to February 2009 on a small area (2200 ha) of semi-arid grazed steppe (altitude 2000 m, surface covered by bare soil and/or scarce shrub and grass vegetation) we studied the architecture structure of burrow system and burrow site selection of Iranian jerboa. Three types of burrows including temporary burrows, winter and summer burrows were detected in the studied habitat. Habitat characteristics such as the percentage cover of: bare soil, pebble and cobble and desert plant species like Anabasis aphylla, Artemisis siberi, and Peganum harmala, as well as the selected chemical soil parameters (content of calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate) were measured in the burrow sites and compared with similar variables measured at random plots in the non-burrow sites. The principal component analysis successfully distinguished between the burrow sites and the non-burrow areas. The burrow site selection was mainly influenced by percentage cover of bare soil, vegetation type, soil texture and chemistry.