Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Near-surface geophysical characterization of gully erosion hazard-prone area in Calabar, southern Nigeria

Ebong Ebong Dickson, Urang Job Gideon, Melouah Oualid, Ugi Anthony Ukpongnukpon, Sule Andebutop

Acta Geophysica

|

2024

|

Vol. 72, no. 1

85--96

EN

The electrical resistivity, i.e. electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and direct current-resistivity sounding (DC-ERS), and ground penetrating radar (GPR) methods were deployed to assess a gully erosion site in Bacoco area of Calabar, Nigeria. The study aims to assess the mechanism and dynamics of the gully erosion conditions in the area based on shallow lithostrati-graphic evaluations. The results revealed good contrast in the operative properties (i.e. electrical resistivity and dielectric permittivity) between competent and weak zones along the profiles close to the gully head. The joint interpretations provided reliable shallow subsurface models and lithologies that consist predominantly of lateritic top cover and sands. However, the ERT model delineates the contrast between lithologies and demarcates the weak zones from the relatively competent zones, in contrast to the responses generated by the GPR technique. This joint interpretation approach minimizes the uncertainty due to the non-uniqueness problems common to the geophysical technique. Also, the geophysical interpretations were constrained using lithologic information from the gully walls and one-dimensional (1-D) DC-ERS inverted model to provide additional validity. Our findings suggest the influence of structural control on gully formation and demonstrate its contribution to the complex interactions with other drivers, such as seepages through porous media and high-energy runoff due to intense rainfall. The rapid, non-invasive and environmentally friendly characteristics of ERT and GPR techniques favour their applicability in assessing shallow subsurface environmental problems.

2

Development of the Edge of the Gully in the Zone Adjacent to the Field

Rybicki Roman, Obroślak Radomir, Mazur Andrzej, Grzywna Antoni, Serafin Artur

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 1

238--244

EN

The development of the side arm edge of the valley-gully in Gałkowice village in the Dwikozy commune (the Opatówka catchment in the Sandomierz Upland) was investigated during the period from 2002 to 2017. An increase of fragmentation of the gully edge was found. Most of the pre-existing erosive indents increased in size (maximum of 2.8 m – about 0.2 m per year). An increase in the area of the gully by 145 m2 was found. As a result, the boundary of plow tillage shifted to an average of 1.5 to 2 meters (maximum 3.8 m), which resulted in a loss of 545 m2 of adjacent arable land. As the main reason for the development of the analyzed section of the gully, meltwater flows were considered.

3

Ocena biotechnicznej zabudowy wąwozów zboczowych w Opoce Dużej (Wyżyna Lubelska)

Mazur A.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2017

|

Vol. 18, nr 5

147--156

PL

Badania wykonano w umocnionych wąwozach w Opoce Dużej, gdzie w latach 1962–1964 wykonano przeciwerozyjną zabudowę biotechniczną. Na podstawie badań można stwierdzić, że zastosowana zabudowa wąwozów okazała się skuteczna. Wąwozy nie pogłębiły się i nie powiększyły swoich rozmiarów, a koryto Sanny nie wymagało kosztownego bagrowania. Na dnach wąwozów obserwuje się głównie akumulację materiału glebowego. W ciągu 51 lat na dnach wąwozów osadziło się około 4000 m3 namułów. Budowle hydrotechniczne skutecznie utrwaliły progi erozyjne i dno wąwozu przed erozją liniową oraz przyczyniły się do zatrzymania żyznego materiału glebowego, dzięki czemu powstały korzystniejsze warunki dla wzrostu roślinności. Jednak stosowanie tego typu budowli w wąwozach powinno być ograniczone do niezbędnego minimum ze względu na wysoki koszt zatrzymania m3 materiału ziemnego oraz wprowadzanie sztucznych elementów w krajobraz.

EN

The studies were carried out in consolidated gullies in Opoka Duża, an anti-erosion biotechnical structure created in 1962–1964. On the basis of the studies it can be stated that the applied gullies buildings appeared to be efficient. Gullies did not deepen and did not increase its dimensions, whereas the Sanna river bed did not require expensive dredging. Accumulation of soil material is mainly observed at the bottoms of the gullies. In 51 years, about 4000 m3 of material accumulated at the bottoms. Hydrotechnical structures efficiently strengthened the erosion thresholds and bottoms of gullies against linear erosion and contributed to the inhibition of the fertile soil material creating more favourable conditions for plants growth. However, application of this type of buildings in gullies should be reduced to a necessary minimum, due to the high cost of maintaining a m3 of soil material and the introduction of additional elements in the landscape.

4

Rozwój wąwozu drogowego w Gorzkowie (Wyżyna Lubelska)

Mazur A., Grzywna A., Król Ż., Gabryszuk J., Nieścioruk K., Obroślak R.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2015

|

Nr 44

89--94

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań natężenia erozji wodnej w wąwozie drogowym w Gorzkowie na Wyżynie Lubelskiej. Program badań opierał się na badaniach terenowych, którymi objęto badania natężenia erozji wodnej, uwzględniając rodzaje i rozmiary szkód erozyjnych. W okresie badań wystąpiły trzy spływy powierzchniowe wód, podczas których powstały szkody erozyjne. Szkody erozyjne w postaci żłobin w dnie wąwozu wyniosły 64,2 m3, a objętość osadzonego materiału ziemnego na dnie wąwozu i w rowie przydrożnym wyniosła 70 m3.

EN

The paper presents the results studies on the intensity of water erosion processes in the road gully in Gorzków on the Lublin Upland. The study program was based mainly on field determinations including the intensity of water erosion processes, taking into account the types and size of erosion damage. During the studies, three surface washouts that led to erosion damage were registered. Erosion damage in a form of rills on the bottom of gully, during the studies, amount- ed to 64.2 m3, and the volume of precipitated soil material on the bottom of gully and the roadside ditch was 70 m3.

5

Stacjonarne badania procesów egzogenicznych w strefie brzegowej Zbiornika Brackiego (południe Syberii Wschodniej)

Kaczmarek H., Mazaeva O. A., Kozyreva E. A., Khak V. A.

Landform Analysis

|

2012

|

Vol. 20

51-63

PL

Strefa brzegowa Zbiornika Brackiego na rzece Angarze jest niezwykle ciekawym przykładem złożonego kompleksu procesów egzogenicznych z wyraźnym wpływem antropopresji, będącej wynikiem utworzenia zbiornika wodnego i jego eksploatacji. Badania monitoringowe, rozpoczęte jeszcze przed utworzeniem zbiornika, wskazują na transformację i intensyfikację przebiegu procesów egzogenicznych zachodzących na tym obszarze przed utworzeniem zbiornika (procesy osuwiskowe, procesy krasowe, erozja linijna), objęcie nimi kolejnych terenów, wcześniej pasywnych, jak również pojawienie się procesów nowych, przedtem nie występujących w tym regionie (procesy eoliczne, procesy abrazyjno-akumulacyjne). Badania te prowadzone są przez pracowników Instytutu Skorupy Ziemskiej RAN, a od kilku lat, w ramach dwustronnych umów, uczestniczą w nich również pracownicy Instytutu Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN.

EN

The Brack Reservoir on Angara river was created in 1967. It is the second in terms of capacity (170 km3) and surface (5,500 km2) man-made lake on Earth. Monitoring tests, that started before the reservoir has been created, gives the information about transformation and intensification of exogenous processes occurring in this area, in comparison to state before reservoir creation (landslides, karst, erosion processes). Those processes have taken new areas. Additionally on this area new processes have appeared as result of reservoir exploitation (eolian processes, accumulation-abrasive processes).

6

The short-term changes of gully erosion forms in the context of the water level fluctuations in the Bratsk reservoir (Russia)

Mazaeva O., Kaczmarek H., Khak V. A., Kozyreva E. A.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

117-123

EN

The results of investigations ascertain the influence of the water level regime on the erosion dynamics that was estimated according gullies volume change within the space-time between two measurements. The development of gullies in the shore zone is to a large extent influenced by the abrasion of shore slopes, which is intense at high water level in the reservoir. The minimum rate of gully development (4.5-54.7m3 yr-1) was due to the action of shore abrasion and eolian processes within the period of 2004-2007. A large positive dynamics can be attributed to the increasing number of erosion cuts. The maximum material loss from gullies (in total 627.66 m3 ) and the average volumetric retreat rate for all gullies (16.5 m3 yr-1) were recorded at the permanent lowering of the reservoir water level during the 2007-2008 period. Water level fluctuations cause cyclic changes in the dynamics of processes and initiate the new mechanism of erosion that is not typical of regular conditions.

7

The origin and development of a valley bottom gully in a small rangeland catchment : influences of land use in the growth model

Gómez Gutiérrez A., Schnabel S., Lavado Contador F., Jariego García A.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

65-70

EN

In the present paper, 8 aerial orthophotographs were used for analysing the evolution of a valley bottom gully and its relationship with land use and vegetation cover in SW Spain. In addition, the growth model observed was compared with the literature. Results showed an increase in the area affected by gullying during the period by 314 m2 and a clear relationship between the areas affected by gullying and land use intensity was found.

8

Simulation of gully erosion using the SIMWE model and GIS

Koko Š.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

81-86

EN

Current soil erosion models do not solve the impact of gully erosion on the landscape changes but only its spatial distribution and intensity. Distributed process-based model SIMWE (Mitas & Mitasova 1998) and landscape evolution module (Burton et. al. 2010) was used for simulation of gully erosion consequences in GIS environment. The results of simulation within the assigned initiation condition in the past showed the real situation at the present time. Simulation process corresponded with the theoretical knowledge about gully development. Modification and combination of selected module procedure and of erosion model has shown the potential of the presented method to predict effectively the genesis of gullies.

9

Short to medium - term gully development : Human activity and gully erosion variability in selected Spanish gully catchments

Marzolff I., Poesen J., Ries J. B.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

111-116

EN

This study investigates how medium-term gully-development data differ from short-term data, and which factors are responsible for their spatial and temporal variability. Eight actively retreating bank gullies situated in Spanish basin landscapes were monitored for up to 11 years with high-resolution aerial photographs using unmanned remote-controlled platforms. The results of planimetric and volumetric change analysis using GIS and photogrammetry systems show a high variability of annual gully retreat rates both between gullies and between observation periods. The varying influences of land use and human activities with their positive or negative effects on runoff production and connectivity appears to play the most important role in these study areas, both for short-term variability and medium-term difference in gully development. The study demonstrates the importance of capturing spatially continuous, high-resolution three-dimensional data for detailed gully monitoring. It also confirms that short-term data are not representative of longer-term gully development, but they are still required to understand the processes - particularly human activity at varying time scales - causing gully-erosion variability.

10

Rates of gully erosion along Pikes Peak Highway, Colorado, USA

Katz H. A., Daniels J. M., Ryan S. E.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

75-80

EN

Pikes Peak Highway is a partially paved road between Cascade, CO and the summit of Pikes Peak (4300 meters). Significant gully erosion is occurring on the hillslopes due to the concentration of surface runoff along the road surface and adjacent drainage ditches. As a result, large quantities of sediment are transported to the surrounding valley stream networks causing significant damage to riparian, wetland, and aquatic environments. This study addresses the rates of gully erosion along the Pikes Peak Highway.

11

Multi parametric GIS analysis to assess gully erosion susceptibility : a test in southern Sicily, Italy

Agnesi V., Angileri S., Cappadonia C., Conoscenti C., Rotigliano E.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

15-20

EN

A GIS+analysis was carried out in a test basin of southern Sicily, the Magazzolo River basin, in order to assess susceptibility conditions to gully erosion phenomena. The linear density of ephemeral and permanent gullies computed within each class of nine environmental variables was used to generate a gully erosion susceptibility map for the area. A validation procedure carried out in order to test the reliability of the adopted method highlighted a clear correlation between the occurrence of gullies and the computed susceptibility levels.

12

Modelling the effects of land use changes on runoff and soil erosion in two Mediterranean catchments with active gullies (South of Spain)

Martínez-Murillo J. F., López-Vicente M., Poesen J., Ruiz-Sinoga J. D.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

99-104

EN

This study investigates the effects of land use changes between 1956 and 2006 on runoff and soil erosion in two Mediterranean catchments (South Spain)with active gullies, by applying the RMMF Model and by comparing the erosion channel network from both years. Results underline the complexity of soil erosion dynamics in gullied catchments where a general increase in soil erosion due to land use changes can occur simultaneously with a decrease in erosion rates within the gully system.

13

Gully erosion and associated risks in the Tutova basin - Moldavian Plateau

Stanga I. C.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

193-197

EN

The present study approaches gully erosion in Tutova basin (south-central part of the Moldavian Plateau, Eastern Romania), mainly with the help of GIS and remote sensing by using the TNTmips 7.3. software. For this purpose a GIS was created, that integrates the Digital Elevation Model, geologic and morphometric maps, climatic and soil data, land use information and others. The assessment of risks associated to gullying has monitored several indicators, grouped as follows: gully-head advance and probability of affecting objectives located upstream; dynamics of gully banks; areal gully growth and loss of agricultural land; flooding and sedimentation of the land or social and economical objectives situated downstream the gully.

14

Genetic interpretation of micromorphological features of gully less - soil deposits (case study : Kolonia Celejów, E Poland)

Mroczek P., Rodzik J.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

125-130

EN

Five complex soil profiles in gully system on Nałeczów Plateau (E Poland) were examined. They represent the loess sediments modified by soil processes and postpedogenic transformations. Two examined profiles represent natural and mature Luvisols with diagnostic illuvial horizon (Bt argillic) developed on the edge of plateau geomorphologic level and in the relict valley bottom. The other soil profiles reflects postpedogenic soil degradation, redeposition and secondary accumulation (deluvia, colluvia and/or proluvia). Record of these processes are the micromorphological features created by lithological processes (=primary loess and secondary pedoliths) or by pedogenesis (mainly bioturbation, illuviation, de- and recalcification). The important group of microfeatures are pedorelicts which clearly confirm genetic dependences of pedoliths (deluvia and proluvia) and soils developed in situ and located in higher hypsometric levels in the catchment.

15

Fan sediments as indicator of gully erosion sta ges on the example of the Suwałki Lakeland (NE Poland)

Smolska E.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

177-182

EN

Study of sediments at gullies mouths conducted in the Suwałki Lakeland (NE Poland) showed that fan sediments are significantly diversified. The changes of sediment type could be linked to forest clearance and farmland expansion. Dating and lithological properties of fan sediments allowed to determine the stages of gully erosion. The research also included studies of sediments accumulated within last 200 years in 6 small gully catchments of different degree of cultivation. Supply of the sediments derived from soil erosion to the gully fans was very limited in catchments where only 15% of the land was cultivated. This process was intensively active in catchments where cultivated land occupied 77% of the area.

16

Distribution and development of gullies in Southern East Siberia (Russia)

Ryzhov Y. V., Kobylkin D. V.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

155-159

EN

Large catchment basins (the Yenisei, Angara, Lena, Selenga, and Amur) within southern East Siberia are characterized by weak gully dissection, and by a very uneven distribution of gullies.The varied natural conditions, combined with anthropogenic impacts, produce a highly mosaic pattern in the spatial distribution of gullies.For the last 230-300 years, four intensification stages of gully erosion were identified, which were associated with periods of abrupt changes in nature management.The growth rates of the gully heads in different areas of southern East Siberia vary from 0.1 to 26 m yr-1, the mean long-term linear growth rates of gullies are 0.5–2.5 m yr-1.Extreme meteorological phenomena: torrential rains (over 30 mm hr-1), abundant rains (over 50 mm day-1), and rapid snow thawing in the spring are responsible for gullying.

17

Current and historical gully erosion and accompanying muddy floods in Slovakia

Stankoviansky M., Ondrčka J.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

199-204

EN

Comparison of commonly acting gullying and muddy floods at present (in the post-collectivization period) and in the past (mostly in the period of the 16th to 19th centuries) has showed considerable disparities; they are conditioned by the character of land use and climate changes, mostly in the case of their synchronous occurrence what has profoundly multiplied their geomorphic response.In the case when extreme events occur in the area with permanent, historical gullies, the current common operation of gully erosion and muddy floods can show similar features with their acting in the past.In such cases the material of muddy floods is coming not only from fresh ephemeral gullies but also from old permanent gullies that were deepened during these events.It was confirmed during extreme events that happened in cadastral areas of two villages in western Slovakia in 2009 that were not comparable with geomorphic effects of other events within the last period.

18

200 years of land - use change and gully erosion : a case study from Małopolska, SE Poland

Schmidt R., Heinrich J.

Landform Analysis

|

2011

|

Vol. 17

167-171

EN

Loess areas are highly affected by human impact since the Neolithic revolution. Within the study in Małopolska we assess the impact of land-use changes on geomorphological processes for the last 200 years. Phases of deforestation and a subsequent intensive agricultural use can be correlated with the appearance of gully erosion.

19

Rozwój wąwozu drogowego w Wielkopolu (Wyżyna Lubelska)

Mazur A.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2008

|

Vol. 17, No. 2

70--77

EN

The paper presents results of 2-years studies on the intensity of water erosion processes in the road gully in Wielkopole near Krasnystaw. Field measurements included inventory of erosion and depositional forms. During the studies, three surface washouts that led to erosion damage were registered. Totally, erosion damage in a form of rills amounted to 144 m3 , and the volume of deposited soil material on the bottom of gully and the roadside ditch was 209 m3.

20

Erozja wąwozowa zapisana w odsłanianych korzeniach drzew na Wysoczyźnie Proboszczowickiej pod Górą Św. Anny

Malik I.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2006

|

Vol. 54, nr 4

326-332

EN

Erosion occurs in permanent gullies cutting into the undulating loess plateau in southern Poland. The gully slopes are mainly vegetated with beech trees as opposed to the surface of the plateau summit, which is cultivated agricultural land, devoid of forests for at least 18 centuries [od 18 wieków czy od XVIII wieku – czyli “since 1700s”?]. Beech roots are exposed in the gullies through erosion. Wood cells in the tree rings divide into early wood and late wood and, after the roots are exposed, also start to make fewer cells. In the roots on the border between exposed and unexposed tree rings in the tree roots, scars sometimes occur. This is an effect produced by corrasion by dolomites and limestones lying under the loess cover and re-deposition of building material stored by people in the higher part of the gullies. These anatomical changes in root tree rings allow one to date erosion episodes. Dating of the exposure of roots indicates that intensive erosion took place in the gullies starting in the 1980s. Since that time, numerous extreme rainfall events responsible for initiating erosion have also occurred. They contribute to deepening valleys causing new incisions to develop on hillslopes and headcut retreat in upper parts of the valleys studied at theWysoczyna Proboszczowicka near Góra św. Anny. The bottom of the valley head eroded during extreme rainfall events in 1984 and 1991. Erosion here alternates with deposition, its speed being relatively small. Incisions in hill slopes retreated during the flood in 1997, but they originated during earlier rainfall episodes. Such incisions retreat 2.5–3 m/year, i.e., relatively fast.