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Species-area relationships of different plant functional groups in tropical monsoon rainforests (Hainan Island, China)

Liu W.-D., Zang R.-G., Ding Y., Zhang W.-Y.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 1

3--11

EN

The positive relationship between the number of species in an area and the size of the habitat studied (species-area relationship, SAR) is the foundation of ecological theory and the most studied issues in ecology. However, very few studies have addressed SARs and their relationships to functional group richness and the extent of habitat area studied. We analyzed SARs in different functional groups focusing on two types of tropical monsoon rainforests on Hainan Island, China. The number of trees, shrubs, lianas, all species, deciduous species, evergreen species, thorn species, non-thorn species, simple-leaved species, and compound-leaved species were strongly related to the size of the area studied in the two tropical monsoon rainforest communities. And the size of the area studied explained over 94% of the total variations in the number of families and other groups studied. No significant differences were found for the slope of the species-area curve (Z) of different functional groups in two tropical monsoon rainforest communities except for shrubs that were taller in the Terminalia hainanensis community (TC) than in Liquidambar formosana community (LC). In the comparison of different functional groups divided by the same principle in the same tropical monsoon rainforest, no significant difference was found for the value of Z for different functional groups except that Z for lianas were higher than for shrubs in LC. However, the Z of lianas was higher than that of trees and shrubs, and evergreen species and species without thorns had higher Z values than deciduous species and species with thorns. No significant differences were found between simple-leaved species and compound-leaved species in TC. The results indicated the SARs of different plant functional groups can be well-described by the power function, although their slopes differed significantly.

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Response of alpine plant community to simulated climate change : two-year results of reciprocal translocation experiment (Tibetan Plateau)

Zhang F., Li Y., Cao G., Wang S., Zhao X., Du M., Wang Q.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 4

741-751

EN

The great sensitivity of the response of alpine plant community to climate change makes the identification of these responses important. In 2007, we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment on 100 x 100 x 40 cm coherent turf and soil along an elevation gradient of 3200.3800 m on the south slope of Qilian Mountains northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The aim was to understand the warming/cooling effects on the alpine ecosystem where treatments were simulated by donor elevations below/above receptors. Translocated vegetation comprised the Kobresia meadow at 3200 m, deciduous shrub meadow at 3400 m, forbs meadow at 3600 m, and sparse vegetation at 3800 m. The 5 x 5 cm grid method (50 x 50 cm, 100 grids) was used for surveying plant species absolute abundance in translocated quadrats. Results showed that species richness and Shannon-Weaver index of Kobresia meadow increased significantly (P <0.05) when translocated to 3400 m. Shannon-Weaver index of shrub meadow declined, while shrub species abundance responded slightly both to warming and cooling treatments. Both species richness and Shannon-Weaver index of forbs meadow and sparse vegetation were enhanced evidently at 3200 m and 3400 m. Four groups were identified by non-metric multidimensional scaling based on receptor elevation. Responses of the alpine plant community and the function group appeared to be specific to climate magnitude and specific to function type, respectively. Correlation indicated that climatic factors played a much more important role than soil in the response of the alpine plant community. Four vegetation types were sensitive to climate change, while Kobresia meadow behaved flexibly. Global warming would depress sedges but favor legumes and graminoids.

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Ocena powierzchniowych grup funkcyjnych na pylistych węglach aktywnych

Pąprowicz J. T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2000

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z. 32[180], cz.2

321-328

EN

21 dusty active carbons were tested, and their acidic and basic functional groups and ash contents were determined. It was stated that carbons had the carbonyl functional groups most of all. Basic oxides, earboxyl groups, phenol groups and lactone groups appear in the carbons in the following decreasing amounts. Relationship between the functional groups amount, raw material type and activation method of the active carbons was stated for some carbons. However, most tested carbons have diverse amounts of functional groups, which require the mathematical analysis.