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1

Age, growth, mortality and population structure of Polititapes aureus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia

Derbali Abdelkarim

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 2

102--110

EN

The population dynamics of Polititapes aureus from Tunisia were investigated monthly during a one-year period (2018). The possible future commercial benefits of the species as a significant resource of artisanal fisheries require better knowledge of its population dynamics. This study provides the first insight into population parameters by investigating its population structure, growth, mortality, and exploitation rate. Allometric relationships between body size and length were determined. The shell length/total weight ratio indicated a positive allometric growth and was expressed as TW = 0.0002 SL3.103. Length frequency data were analyzed to estimate population parameters using FiSAT ΙΙ software. P. aureus showed lower growth rate (K = 0.46 yr-1) and asymptotic length (L∞ = 38.80) compared to those obtained for other bivalve species (mean values: K = 0.61 and L∞ = 55.02). Longevity (Tmax) and the growth performance index (φ’) were 7.95 yr-1 and 2.84, respectively. Total mortality (Z) was estimated from the length-converted catch curve at 0.85 yr-1 and fishing mortality (F) at 0.03 yr-1. Both values of natural mortality (M = 0.82 yr-1) derived from bivalve literature and based on Pauly’s (1980) empirical equation (M = 0.83 yr-1) developed for fish were comparable. The most intensive growth occurred during the first three years. The data presented herein are crucial for appropriate fisheries management and conservation of clams.

2

Morphological comparison for the dorsal fin of Chrysichthys auratus, Synodontis schall, and Synodontis serratus (Teleosti: Siluriformes) collected from the Lake Nasser and the River Nile, Egypt

Farrag Mahmoud M. S., Jawad Laith A., Park Joo M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 4

420--429

EN

The anatomy, growth, and differentiation of the dorsal fin spines of three catfish species collected from the Nile River and Lake Nasser. Egyptian waters are described, and terminology is suggested for their parts. Features of the dorsal fin spine that change with growth are also described. The results showed that in all species studied, the dorsal spine is an elongate, compressed, tapered, slightly arched, osseous structure, bearing a series of retrorse dentations along the anterior and posterior surfaces and has a sharp sagittate tip. The retrorse, anterior dentations are most pronounced in the upper third of the spine and gradually alter in form until they appear as a series of distinct notches on the basal third of the spine. The anterolateral surfaces of the dorsal spine are marked by numerous short, irregular, shallow, anastomosing, longitudinal furrows. In three species (C. auratus, S. schall, S. serratus), the posterior process is poorly developed and directed laterally in young individuals and well produced and directed posteriorly in older specimens. In S. schall and S. serratus, the posterior blocking process of the large specimens has a wavy edge, while in S. serratus, it is curved in young individuals and straight in larger specimens.

3

Effects of Humic Acid Extracted from Organic Waste Composts on Turnip Culture (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) in a Sandy Soil

Aylaj Mina, Sisouane Mhammed, Tahiri Soufiane, Mouchrif Yassine, El Krati Mohammed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

345--359

EN

Adding humic acid to soil can improve soil structure and fertility, which can lead to better plant growth and higher crop yields. Extracting humic acid from compost is a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to obtain a valuable organic material. Humic acid (HA) can be extracted from compost relatively easily and at a low cost, making it an attractive option for farmers. In this study, we investigated the use of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and immature horse manure (IHM) as bulking agents for the composting of separated municipal solid waste (SMSW) and the extraction and characterization of humic acid from the mature composts produced. Fertilizing solutions containing different concentrations of humic acid were prepared and used to evaluate their effects on turnip crop growth and various biochemical parameters during cultivation. The results showed that the humic acid extracted from the composts had high yields and were rich in elemental carbon. The application of humic acid at both low and high concentrations resulted in a significant improvement in all the parameters measured except for the total protein in the roots, which did not differ significantly between the humic acid concentrations. The yield, root diameter and fresh weight increased significantly, and the leaf area was proportional to the humic acid concentration of the solution used. The highest increase in chlorophyll a content was observed in the treatment of humic acid extracted from composts C2 and C3 at a concentration of 0.1 gL-1, with an increase of 31% and 37%, respectively, compared to the control. The use of humic acid provided by co-compost can be considered a successful management strategy for degraded sandy soils and sustainable agriculture production in sandy poor soils worldwide.

4

Effects of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on the Growth and Physiology of Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr

Fathurrahman F.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

302--311

EN

This study was conducted to determine the effects of CO2 concentration on the growth and physiology of rain tree (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr), by increasing the CO2 concentration in a greenhouse automated system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of rain tree to CO2 in terms of growth and physiology. CO2 at an average concentration of 800 μmol mol-1 was injected daily for 2 h from 9 am to 11 am. The seedlings were placed in a greenhouse during the control trial with a mean ambient CO2 concentration of 400 μmol mol-1. In this study, the entire randomised block design has been applied, and growth was observed every 30 days for 120 days. Almost all seedling growth parameters were significant under elevated and ambient concentrations. The leaf area in the control samples (400 ppm of CO2) was 243.37 cm2, and this value increased to 277.30 cm2 in the sample treated with 800 ppm of CO2. The biomass increased, and the original wet weight ratio and root dry weight of the canopy and the principal (9.06 and 10.12 g, respectively) increased to 9.7 and 16.06 g, respectively, after treatment. Physiology was analysed in terms of relative levels of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency (WUE). Such parameters increased in the principal treatment of CO2 (800 ppm), whilst the CO2 content and transpiration levels declined. As the CO2 concentration increased, the value of the levels of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in both samples increased. As the photosynthesis levels increased, the WUE activity increased. However, as photosynthesis levels decreased, the WUE activity also decreased. Transpiration levels but also rely on a certain age if the increased photosynthesis WUE has decreased.

5

Historical aspects of management, technology, innovation and economic growth in Great Britain

Kawęcki Norbert

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

267--279

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to present historical aspects of management, technology, innovation and economic growth in Great Britain based on international literature and articles. Design/methodology/approach: Due to the cognitive nature of the work, the aim of the work will be achieved using the method of analyzing the literature and overview international articles to present results on the subject. Literature studies includes only foreign publications. Findings: Historical aspects of management, technology, innovation and economic growth in Great Britain is widely described in international and British literature. Many articles provided value information’s and researches to get to the conclusions and summary. Based on the reliable results scientist assess every aspects of provided subject. Originality/value: The analysis international and British literature and articles shows all aspects of historical management, technology, innovation and economic growth in Great Britain and helps to improve knowledge and assessment of past to present and to predict future.

6

Variation in Growth and Yield of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) under Different Ecological Regions in Vietnam

Van Quang Vu, Thi Ngoc Yen Pham, Thi Tram Nguyen, Van Muoi Nguyen, Van Thanh Le, Thi Bich Ngoc Vu, Thi Bich Hong Nguyen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

162--169

EN

The sacha inchi seeds (Plukenetia Volubilis L.), collected from different ecological regions of Vietnam (the Northern Mountainous region, the North Central region, and Central Highlands Area), were sown in the spring crop (March 2020) in Gia Lam district, Hanoi city, Vietnam. The variety S18 was copyrighted by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developmentof Vietnam in 2019 as a special medicinal plant variety. During the period of 26 months after planting, the agronomical parameters, growth and development characteristics (leaf form, number of inflorescences per branches, number of female flowers per inflorescences, etc.), pests and diseases, yields and yield components (number of seeds per fruit, seed weight, seed grain, etc.), ratio of kernel per seed and ratio of oil per seed were evaluated. The evaluation results show that the collected sacha inchi lines have a time from sowing to flowering and fruiting of 108–125 days, a fruiting to ripening of 123–125 days, and a time from sowing to harvesting the first batch of 244–250 days. The annual harvest is carried out at two main times: May–June and November–January. The actual yield of the first two periods is high (2.66–3.07 tons per hectare), and the highest yield is collected in the Northern Mountainous area is 3.07 tons per hectare (in Tuyen Quang province), while and 3.01 tons per hectare are collected in the North Central region (in Thanh Hoa province). In the nursery, root rot caused 2.1–5.3% deaths and green wilt caused 3.1–4.8% deaths of seedlings. In the planting garden, fruit borers, stem borers, cavity worms and red spiders were discovered, causing more serious damage than other types (from 5 to over 50%). The results of evaluation of growth, development, yield components and yield showed that the sacha inchi lines collected in the North Central region (in Thanh Hoa province) and the Northern Mountainous region (in Tuyen Quang province) is the best.

7

From Descriptive to Accurate Horseshoe Crab Size Variations in Wild Populations

Chan Li Yu, John Akbar, Shahimi Salwa, Meilana Lusita, Lian Chong Ju, Hoe Loh Ing, Ho Wong Chee, Kumaran Jayaraj Vijaya, Pati Siddhartha, Nelson Bryan Raveen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

273--284

EN

Horseshoe crabs have survived until Holocene, but their persistence beyond the Anthropocene is challenged by drastic environment changes that entail impoverishments and the resultant unusual growth sizes. Previously, allometry via morphometric ratio was introduced to classify horseshoe crabs into normal-abnormal growth. However, the descriptive size and weight analysis indicated a considerable portion of Tachypleus gigas with normal allometry. This error was caused by the median sorting of values. Therefore, the same data was treated with correlation before generating a linear equation. By being sexual dimorphs, these arthropods actually have gender-specific morphology indicators which could generate a functional allometry. Since the assessed arthropods were mature, the 19 % yield of smaller female T. gigas was possibly due to degradation effects from poor diets or stress. Yet, for this population, an added risk was female-only harvest. Perhaps, close sizing to male counterparts could be perceived a survival strategy by the female T. gigas. More evidence is needed to strengthen this opinion but for now, this assessment method is novel for accurate allometry assessments in the species with sexual dimorphism. Overall, capture fisheries could have negative impacts and when made severe by sex-specific harvest, the unaccounted practices could collapse sustaining populations.

8

Information model of the assessment of tourism sector competitiveness in the context of Europeanintegration policy

Prychepa Iryna, Adler Oksana, Ruda Liliia, Lesko Olexander, Bondarenko Zlata, Yanan Lee, Mussayeva Dinara

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2022

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T. 12, nr 4

47--52

EN

The aim of this paper is to identify the main problems and prospects of tourism growth in Ukraine including international experience in the context of deepening of the integration connections. The paper studied the main trends and characteristics of the tourism industry development in Ukraine in the context of European integration, describe the state, structure, dynamics of the relevant indices of the tourism sector in Ukraine, monitored the relationships and dependencies, determined the correlation factors. Main practical directions of the domestic tourism growth were determined. Determined the place of Ukraine in a highly competitive European tourism market. In addition, the paper made significant theoretical and practical contribution to overcome main problems associated with the characteristic feature of the tourist complex of Ukraine. The results of research identified the main problems of the development of the tourism sector of Ukraine, as well as highlighted the potential prospects for tourism development, taking into account the conditions of European integration.

PL

Celem pracy jest określenie głównych problemów i perspektyw rozwoju turystyki na Ukrainie z uwzględnieniem doświadczeń międzynarodowych w kontekście pogłębiania powiązań integracyjnych. W pracy zbadano główne trendy i cechy rozwoju branży turystycznej na Ukrainie w kontekście integracji europejskiej, opisano stan, strukturę, dynamikę istotnych wskaźników sektora turystycznego na Ukrainie, monitorowano związki i zależności, określono czynniki korelacji. Wyznaczono główne praktyczne kierunki rozwoju turystyki krajowej. Określono miejsce Ukrainy na wysoce konkurencyjnym europejskim rynku turystycznym. Ponadto, praca wniosła istotny wkład teoretyczny i praktyczny do przezwyciężenia głównych problemów związanych z cechami charakterystycznymi kompleksu turystycznego Ukrainy. Wyniki badań określiły główne problemy rozwoju sektora turystycznego Ukrainy, jak również podkreśliły potencjalne perspektywy rozwoju turystyki, biorąc pod uwagę warunki integracji europejskiej.

9

Assessment of Growth and Development of Representatives under the Conditions of Chestnut Soils

Semenyutina Alexandra V., Melnik Kristina A., Semenyutina Victoria A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

19--24

EN

The growth and development of woody plants allow revealing the essence of their relationship with the environment. New conditions for growing plants primarily affect their growth and development, which is associated with the amount of heat and moisture. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of growth and development of Gleditsia under new cultivation conditions (chestnut soils of the Volgograd region). In the arid zone of Russia, a comparative analysis of the species of the Gleditsia genus: G. texana, G. cassis, G. triacanthos, growing in the cluster dendrological collections of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (cadastre. № 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10; cadastre no. 34: 36:0000:14:0178). The analysis of long-term phenological observations at various temperature parameters of the environment was carried out. The optimal temperature for the beginning of active growth of shoots and its intensity were revealed. It was established that under the conditions of arid climate of the Volgograd region, the species of the Gleditsia genus are characterized by a spring-summer period of shoot growth (from the first decade of May to the third decade of July). Apical shoots start to grow earlier and finish it later than the lateral ones. At the time of cessation of growth in all species, the tops of the shoots dry up together with 2–3 leaves. Then comes the process of lignification of young shoots, contributing to their resistance under winter conditions. When comparing the data on the development of shoots of different Gleditsia species, no clear differences were found. Gleditsia triacanthos has the longest growing season (195 days) compared with the rest of the studied species. During the growing season, all Gleditsia species go through a full cycle of development, which indicates the success of their introduction, proving that the Gleditsia genus is a stable plant in chestnut soils. Gleditsia has no special generative shoots. The period from the beginning of budding to flowering depends on weather conditions (an increase in temperature to 28 °C slows this process down). In hydrologically favorable years, at an average air temperature of 21.5 °C, continuous flowering of plants is observed). The obtained materials are necessary for selection for landscaping, assessment of aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic properties, development and implementation of measures to protect green spaces from pests and diseases. Phenological observations have a huge role for forest reclamation.

10

Growth pattern, mortality and reproductive biology of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

Kahraman Abdullah Ekrem, Yıldız Taner, Uzer Uğur, Çanak Özgür

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 4

398--410

EN

The study deals with the growth pattern, mortality, and reproduction of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). A total of 580 fish specimens were sampled monthly from October 2017 to September 2018. The total length of all sampled individuals ranged from 11.1 to 29.5 cm, corresponding to ages from 1 to 3 years. The length–weight relationship was expressed as W = 0.022 TL2.6838, where the slope indicated negative allometric growth. Growth parameters were L∞ = 33.7 cm, k = 0.48, and t0 = −0.18 for all samples. A seasonally oscillating growth model, indicating the amplitude of oscillations, revealed an important seasonal growth pattern. Total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were calculated as 1.42, 0.47, and 1.01, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E = 0.68) indicates that the fishing pressure on the common sole in the Sea of Marmara was high. The sex ratio (♀/♂) was 1.18. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females showed that two main spawning seasons were observed: one in spring (May) and one in autumn (September–October). Sizes at the onset of sexual maturity were estimated for both females and males at 21.6 and 18.6 cm, respectively.

11

Growth parameters of Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) (Actinopterygii, Poeciilidae) : an introduced species in brackish water of Wadi Al-Bahayes (Oman)

Güçlü Salim Serkan, Al Jufaili Saud M, Jawad Laith A

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 3

269--277

EN

This work is one of the first studies on the growth of Poecilia latipinna outside its natural habitat. The objective of our study was to investigate the growth parameters of the population of P. latipinna, which is an alien species in Oman (Wadi Al-Bahayes). The population structure of P. latipinna in Wadi Al-Bahayes (Oman; 23°40′47″N; 58°11′36″E) was studied in June and August 2020, using 124 fish. In the course of this study, the number of individuals of each sex, age, weight and size composition were determined. In addition, the total length–weight relationship (LRW) was calculated, as well as the von Bertalanffy growth equation. The mean growth performance (phi prime) and the condition factor were calculated. Males accounted for 37.10% and females for 62.90% of the population. The length–weight relationship and the von Bertalanffy growth equation were W = 0.0214 × L2.7889 R2 = 0.9212, Lt = 11.46 (1 – e−0.127 (t + 2.71)) for males and Lt = 14.51 (1 – e−0.072 (t + 3.98)) for females. The mean growth performance and the condition factor were calculated as 1.22 for males and 1.18 for females and 1.54 for all specimens.

12

Effects of seasonal changes and depth on growth parameters of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) on a shipwreck in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Şensurat-Genç Tuğçe, Karadal Onur, Oruç Adnan Çağlar, Özgül Aytaç, Aytaç Altan

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

|

Vol. 50, No. 4

441--454

EN

The study was conducted between July 2018 and May 2020 to compare seasonal changes in growth parameters of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) at different depths in two different areas of the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea (Aegean Sea). In a preliminary study, mussels were placed in cages at different depths of an artificial reef (AR – shipwreck) and natural reef (NR). Temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were determined seasonally at both sites at a depth of 37 m (deepwater) and 25 m (midwater). Linear increases in length and width of mussels at the AR site were recorded, while no consistent changes were observed for mussels at the NR. There was negative correlation between the specific growth rate (SGR) and salinity (r2 = 0.5098) and temperature (r2 = 0.1470) at the AR site. Negative correlations were also recorded between pH and the commercial condition index (CCI) at both the AR (r2= 0.3869) and NR (r2 = 0.3600) sites. Our findings show that depth had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the CCI of mussels at the NR site, while its effect was insignificant for this index at the AR site (p > 0.05). This study indicates that natural reefs provide more suitable conditions for the growth of Mediterranean mussels than shipwrecks used as artificial reefs.

13

Demographics of great sturgeon (Huso huso) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2008–2010)

Bakhshalizadeh Shima, Bani Ali, Abdolmalaki Shahram, Ponce Palafox Jesus T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 3

325--332

EN

Demographic data of the great sturgeon, Huso huso, from the Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea were derived from measurements of individuals with a fork length ranging from 84 to 255 cm, obtained from commercial fisheries. The maximum age of fish caught in the south Caspian Sea was 30 years. The estimates of the asymptotic length L∞ and the growth coefficient (K) were 265.255 cm and 0.062 per year for males and 275.78 cm and 0.08 per year for females, respectively. Total mortality rates obtained by Gulland's method were larger for males (0.64) than for females (0.46). Annual mortality rates were calculated as 47% for males and 37% for females. Data obtained in this study and their comparison with data from previous studies indicate that the great sturgeon stock is definitely exploited in an unsustainable manner.

14

Effect of Zinc on the Growth and the Antioxidant System of Lens Culinaris Cultivated on Agar Medium

Benhamdi Asma, Kandouli Chouaib, Cherfia Radia, Chelouche Soumia, Boumissa Zeinb, Benniou Mohamed Elhadi, Hafdi Roumeissa, Mechakra Aicha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 9

13--20

EN

This study aimed to analyze the impact of Zn on the growth and the antioxidant response of Lens culinaris. For this purpose, the seeds were germinated for 6 days in an MS/2 culture medium with different Zn concentrations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein contents, and antioxidant enzymes activities were measured in both parts of the plant by spectrometry. The results showed that from the Zn concentration of 250 µM, the growth of lentils is inversely proportional to the concentration of Zn in the culture medium. The variations in the level of MDA are not very significant, but at 10 000 μM of Zn in the medium, the level becomes very important, whilst the total protein content decreased. Besides, the evaluation of enzymatic activities indicated that the decline of peroxidase (POD) is concomitant with the increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and that glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as catalase (CAT) reach their maximum activities at 10 000 µM and 3000 µM of Zn in upper parts and roots, respectively. These findings revealed that MDA is a real indicator of oxidative stress in Lens culinaris and that this plant is tolerant to the presence of Zn in the culture medium by developing a powerful antioxidant system, but beyond a certain concentration its antioxidant system becomes ineffective and the plant enters a stress state.

15

On the prognosis of the growth of a heterostructure from a gas phase to analyze the possibility of decreasing mismatch-induced stresses

Pankratov Evgeny L.

Computer Methods in Materials Science

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2021

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Vol. 21, No. 2

105--122

EN

An approach to decreasing mismatch-induced stress in a heterostructure by radiation processing during growth from the gas phase is introduced in this paper. Within the framework of the approach with decreasing mismatch-induced stresses, one can find the acceleration of the recombination and diffusion of radiation defects generated during radiation processing. An analytical approach for analyzing mass and heat transfer is also introduced. The approach provides the opportunity to simultaneously take into account spatial and temporal variations of mass transfer parameters. At the same time, the approach allows the nonlinearity of the considered processes to be taken into account.

16

Monitoring the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the educational services industry

Miśko Rafał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 143

207--217

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to create a tool for monitoring the growth and development factors of SMEs in the educational services industry. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the goal of the paper, key factors were identified, and then the Leppard questionnaire was adapted. A tool was created, which consists of questions related to the use of key growth and development factors. Findings: The questionnaire has 29 questions divided into 9 groups. The respondent's task is to determine on the Likert scale 1-5 (1 - means definitely disagree, and 5 - strongly agree) the level of truth of the statement with regard to the organisation that the respondent owns or manages. Research limitations/implications: The most severe disadvantage of the proposed tool seems to be its subjective nature. To reduce subjectivity, the Delphi method may be useful. Practical implications: The proposed tool can be an essential source of knowledge for entrepreneurs. Thanks to this, they can focus on the most important aspects of the development of their enterprises and will be able to increase the competitiveness of their business. Originality/value: This paper reveals the potential uses of a new tool for monitoring the growth and development of SME.

17

Spat efficiency in the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) in the surface and bottom water at Karantina Island

Yigitkurt Selcuk, Lök Aynur, Kirtik Ali, Acarli Sefa, Kurtay Evrim, Küçükdermenci Aysun, Durmaz Yaşar

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 2

184--192

EN

The present study was carried out to determine the spat efficiency in the pearl oyster (Pinctada radiata, Leach, 1814) in surface and bottom water at Karantina Island (Izmir/Turkey). Polyethylene mesh bags were used as collectors. An annual average of 175.16 ± 11.32 spat m-2 was obtained from PSC (placed surface collectors) and 82.65 ±3.89 spat m-2 was obtained from PBC (placed bottom collectors). The largest number of new spat attachments occurred in August, both on PSC and PBC: 44 ± 3.46 and 26 ± 2.88 spats were found respectively in the outer and inner mesh bags of PSC, and 33 ±5.77 and 48 ± 6.92 spats were found respectively in the outer and inner mesh bags of PBC. New spat attachments (≥ 10 mm) continued throughout the study period, except April and May. Adult pearl oysters (≥ 50 mm) were found in May. There was a significant difference between PSC and PBC in the total number of spat attachments, the monthly spat attachments and the first spat attachments (p < 0.05). The total number of new spat attachments was positively correlated with temperature and chlorophyll a for both depths (p<0.05).

18

Thin films of copper phthalocyanine deposited by solution processing methods

Gojzewski Hubert, Ghani Fatemeh, Szybowicz Mirosław

Materials Science Poland

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2020

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Vol. 38, No. 1

79--90

EN

In this work, we show and discuss the surface structure picture of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films deposited from trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solvent onto silicon substrates at ambient conditions by four solution processing methods, namely drop-casting, dip-coating, spin-casting and spray-coating. The CuPc films were studied by AFM, as the main technique, and complemented by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Essentially, such thin films consist of CuPc molecular nanoribbons of a fixed ~1 nm thickness. CuPc molecules are arranged in an in-plane direction and formed in stacks under a defined tilt angle with respect to the substrate surface (monolayer) or underlying CuPc layer (multilayer). The film morphology takes various forms depending on the solution concentration, number of layers, and the deposition method. For instance, the morphology varies from very wide (~600 nm) but flat (~1 nm) ribbons for films prepared by dip-coating to crystallized rod-like features (multi-layered ribbons) when obtained by spray-coating. The factors studied in this paper should be taken into consideration in designing and controlling the criteria for rigorous CuPc film architecture.

19

Relative order and relative type oriented growth properties of generalized iterated entire functions

Biswas Tanmay

Journal of Mathematics and Applications

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2020

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Vol. 43

19--45

EN

The main aim of this paper is to study some growth properties of generalized iterated entire functions in the light of their relative orders, relative types and relative weak types.

20

Effects of electromagnetic fields and their shielding on the growth of dwarf runner beans

Górski Romuald, Dorna Hanna, Rosińska Agnieszka, Szopińska Dorota, Wosiński Stanisław

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2020

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Vol. 27, nr 3

457--471

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic fields and their shielding on the growth of dwarf runner bean Phaseolus coccineus L. Three sectors were separated on the device emitting electromagnetic fields: “E” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of the electrical component, “EM” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components and “M” - sector with a predominance of magnetic component. Fields generated by the device were also shielded with ADR TEX, a screen based on a nanocomposite in which the electric component of the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by water dispersed within a dielectric matrix in various ways. The composites exhibit high dielectric absorption and shield electric fields within the frequency range from ~100 mHz to ~100 kHz. Electromagnetic fields with the predominance of the electrical component and without domination of its components delayed the initial emergence of runner bean seedlings. Shielding of electromagnetic field without domination of its components with ADR TEX screen protected against this negative impact on the emergence rate of young runner bean seedlings. Exposure of plants to differentiated electromagnetic fields adversely affected their growth. Plants exposed to electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components had the lowest height and the shortest internodes. Shielding of electromagnetic fields with ADR TEX screen efficiently protected against their negative impact on the plant growth. Electromagnetic fields and their shielding did not influence the size of leaves and the index leaf greenness (SPAD).