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Interpretacja wyników pomiarów z poziomu wodonośnego objętego drenażem górniczym na przykładzie analizy obserwacji z sieci monitoringowej KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. wykonanych podczas odwadniania szybu GG-1

Pikuła Maciej, Becker Roman

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 4

162--173

EN

The article presents an analysis of measurements from the groundwater monitoring network of KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. which were taken during the dewatering of the GG-1 shaft, after water inflow from the Main Dolomite aquifer. Measurements from the dewatered shaft and piezometers were interpreted using methods designed for pumping test in Aquifer Test Pro v. 10.0 software. Based on the analysis of measurement data from a longer period of time than the dewatering itself, a systematic decrease in the water table in the observed aquifer was found, which is caused by mining drainage of the resources of the described aquifer. In order to eliminate the influence of mine drainage on the positon of water table in the analysed piezometers, trend lines of changes in the position of the water level in the observed aquifer was determined. On this basis, the magnitude of the drawdown measured in the observation boreholes was corrected before calculations were made using selected analytical methods.

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Interpretacja pomiarów wykonywanych w piezometrach sieci monitoringowej zakładu górniczego w celu określania parametrów filtracyjnych poziomu wodonośnego na podstawie danych z okresu odwadniania szybu R-XI KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.

Pikuła Maciej, Becker Roman

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 10

503--512

EN

The article describes an attempt to analyse measurement data from a groundwater observation network of KGHM Polska Miedź S.A., from the period of dewatering of the R-XI shaft. The shaft was dewatered as a result of inflow of waters from the middle and lower Buntsandstein aquifer. A scheme was adopted in which the dewatered shaft is a pumping well and piezometers of the monitoring network are observation wells. The described data were interpreted using calculation methods provided for pumping test and tests based on rapid changes of borehole pressure, in the Aquifer Test Pro v10.1 software. The dewatering of the R-XI shaft in this case was carried out over a period of more than 16months, with an average flow rate of 115.6m3/h; the water table recovery after the dewatering took more than 43 months. The observation wells from which themeasurementdatawereinterpretedare0.1, 1.8 and 3.4 km away from the R-XI shaft.

3

Application of artificial storage, recharge for semi-arid area in BacBinh Vietnam

Giang Nguyen Van

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 67, no. 1

37--53

EN

BacBinh is a sand dune area located in the southern part of central Vietnam. This area is confronted with a lack of water supply. The project aims to investigate the site for artificial recharge (AR) and the management of aquifer recharge (MAR) in the sand dune area. The geological setting of the area is characterised by ryo-dacitic bedrock, which forms steep isolated hills (up to 300 m a.s.l.) overlain by a Pleistocene-Holocene marine sand dunes plateau (up to 200 m a. s. l.). This is represented by prevailing white fine sand (Pleistocene) and prevailing red sand (Holocene), which occurs extensively in the coastal area. The hydrological and geological conditions are investigated by collecting all existing data of aerial and satellite photos, rainfall statistics, morphological/geological/ and hydrogeological maps for acquisition and interpretation. The field geophysical surveys are carried out for the location of groundwater aquifers to site selection, monitoring and operation of groundwater recharge. Hydrochemical and isotopic characterisation of surface water and groundwater in different periods showed that the sand dunes aquifers, with electrical conductivity ranging from 100 to 400 μS/cm, are composed of different water types, characterised by complex mixing processes. The site chosen for the artificial recharge, where 162 days of pumping tests have been carried out, proved that the use of the bank filtration technique has considerably improved the quality of water, which was originally highly contaminated by E-coli bacteria. The well field developed within the present project is now capable of supplying 220 m3/day of good water quality to the HongPhong community, BacBinh district, which were recurrently affected by severe droughts.

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Zastosowanie automatycznych rejestratorów poziomu wód podziemnych w badaniach hydrogeologicznych

Firlit Grzegorz

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2021

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R. 62, nr 2

7--11

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przykłady zastosowania automatycznych rejestratorów poziomu wody w badaniach hydrogeologicznych. Wahania wód podziemnych wywołane czynnikami antropogenicznymi, takimi jak m. in. eksploatacja kopalin i wód podziemnych, piętrzenie wód powierzchniowych, mogą charakteryzować się częstą amplitudą zmian. Wykazano, że właściwy dobór częstotliwości pomiaru położenia zwierciadła wody podziemnej jest niezmiernie ważny w interpretacji obserwowanego zjawiska i jakości otrzymanych wyników. Automatyczne rejestratory umożliwiają ciągły pomiar położenia zwierciadła wód podziemnych, dzięki czemu są niezastąpionym narzędziem w badaniach monitoringowych.

EN

The article presents examples of the use of automatic water level recorders in hydrogeological research. Fluctuations in groundwater caused by anthropogenic factors, such as exploitation of minerals and groundwater, damming of surface waters may be characterized by a frequent amplitude of changes. It has been shown that the correct selection of the frequency of measuring the level of the groundwater table is extremely important in the interpretation of the observed phenomenon and the quality of the obtained results. Automatic recorders enable continuous measurement of the groundwater table position, making them an indispensable tool in monitoring research.

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Monitoring wód podziemnych w rejonie składowiska odpadów komunalnych w Ciężkowicach koło Polskiej Cerekwi

Makuła Henryk

Technologia Wody

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2019

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Nr 2 (64)

34--39

PL

komunalnych w Ciężkowicach koło Polskiej Cerekwi prowadzonego w latach 2003-2017. Monitoring wód podziemnych obejmował badania: pH, przewodnictwa elektrolitycznego właściwego (PEW), ilości ogólnego węgla organicznego (OWO) oraz zawartości wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA) i zanieczyszczeń metalami –chromem, kadmem, miedzią, ołowiem, cynkiem i rtęcią. W czternastoletnim okresie prowadzonego monitoringu nie stwierdzono wyraźnego wpływu zdeponowanych odpadów na wody podziemne w rejonie składowiska. W każdej kwartalnej sesji monitoringowej notowano zawartości cynku w wodach podziemnych pobranych ze wszystkich piezometrów, ale jego stężenia nie przekraczały wartości dopuszczalnych dla II klasy jakości wód podziemnych. Obecność pozostałych badanych zanieczyszczeń metalami, ilości ogólnego węgla organicznego oraz wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych stwierdzano incydentalnie, a ich zawartości mieściły się w dopuszczalnych zakresach dla I i II klasy jakości wód podziemnych.

EN

One presented results of the monitoring of groundwater in the area of the municipal landfill in Ciężkowice near Polska Cerekiew which was carried out between 2003 and 2017. The monitoring of groundwater included research on: pH value, specific electrolytic conductivity, volume of total organic carbon, contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and contamination with heavy metals, like chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg). During the fourteen-year monitoring period, no significant impact of deposited wastes on groundwater in the area of the landfill was found. In each quarter monitoring session, zinc content in groundwater collected from all piezometers was recorded, but its concentration did not exceed the limit values for the second class of groundwater quality. The presence of other examined metal pollutions, volumes of total organic carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was found incidentally and their contents were within the permissible ranges for the first and second class of groundwater quality.

6

Historia monitoringu wód podziemnych w Państwowym Instytucie Geologicznym

Przytuła Elżbieta, Mikołajczyk Anna, Gidziński Tomasz, Kuczyńska Anna, Palak-Mazur Dorota, Prażak Jan, Woźnicka Małgorzata, Wyszomierski Michał, Cabalska Jolanta, Galczak Michał, Komorowski Wojciech, Rojek Anna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 12

982--994

EN

The Polish Geological Institute has been carrying out the tasks of the geological survey since its establishment in 1919. Hydrogeology was present from the very beginning and the groundwater monitoring became the systematic activity in the 2nd fifty years of the Institute’s life. Groundwater quantity monitoring expressed as measurements of groundwater table fluctuations was put into practice in 1972, while the groundwater quality monitoring that includes determination of chemical composition of water started in 1991. Both types of monitoring cover the entire area of Poland. Systematic hydrogeological observations and tests are one of the most important tasks carried out by hydrogeologists of the Polish Geological Institute. Results of these observations are used for many studies, analyses and forecasts carried out as part of the tasks of the hydrogeological survey, often in cooperation with universities and geological enterprises, for the needs of governmental and local administration and for reporting to the EU structures.

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Evaluation of the groundwater levels and salinity in irrigable areas using geographical information system (GIS)

Ayaz Müslüm, Sesveren Sertan

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2019

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nr III/1

263--278

EN

Efforts on the management of water resources, especially irrigation and drainage, in arid-semiarid areas are extremely important for the sustainability of irrigated agriculture. Groundwater level should be constantly monitored and kept at the desired level in the project which is achieve the expected benefits from investments made for this goal. The research was done in right bank irrigation area which is located in Southeast Turkey, Suruc Plain in 2017. The spatial and temporal fluctuations of the groundwater table depth and groundwater salinity were measured in the course of five-month-periods; from July to October. The results of depth (m) and salinity (µmhos cm-1) of the groundwater observation wells were mapped using geographical information system (GIS). The results showed that groundwater was not found in many observation wells, while groundwater depth reached to a critical threshold level (2 m (risk free for drainage) from July to October in the study area. The groundwater salinity was found to be less than 2250 µmhos cm-1 at the research area. Depending on the research findings, it was noted that there were not any waterlogging, drainage and salinity problems stemming from the rise of groundwater table due to short-term irrigated agriculture in the plain.

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Ocena zależności stężeń wybranych wskaźników fizyczno-chemicznych w wodach podziemnych Polski od formy użytkowania terenu na podstawie wyników badań monitoringowych

Razowska-Jaworek Lidia, Kowalczyk Agnieszka, Kuczyńska Anna, Palak-Mazur Dorota, Mikołajczyk Anna

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2019

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nr 476, Hydrogeologia z. 17

105--113

PL

W celu oceny wpływu działalności człowieka na wody podziemne, analizie poddano skład chemiczny wód podziemnych występujących na obszarach o różnorodnych sposobach użytkowania terenu. Do badań wykorzystano wyniki analiz fizyczno-chemicznych wód podziemnych wykonywanych w ramach monitoringu krajowego w latach 1995–2017, w podziale na różne stopnie izolacji opróbowanych poziomów wodonośnych. Najbardziej są zanieczyszczone wody pochodzące z otworów monitoringowych zlokalizowanych na obszarach przemysłowych w poziomach o swobodnym zwierciadle wody. W wodach pobranych z punktów monitoringowych zlokalizowanych na obszarach wiejskich oraz na obszarach występowania gruntów ornych stwierdzono wysokie zawartości azotanów i siarczanów, a na obszarach miejskich podwyższone są także stężenia fosforanów i cynku. Najmniej zanieczyszczone są wody z punktów monitoringowych umiejscowionych na terenach zieleni miejskiej. Chemizm wód podziemnych w analizowanych punktach monitoringowych zależy zarówno od czynników naturalnych, jak i charakteru użytkowania terenu. Podwyższone stężenia NO3 –, HPO4 – lub SO4 2– są ewidentnie wynikiem działalności człowieka, podczas gdy podwyższone stężenia Na, Cl i NH4 + mogą być zarówno pochodzenia antropogenicznego, jak i skutkiem naturalnych procesów hydrogeochemicznych. Stężenia Ca i Mg w badanych wodach podziemnych są głównie efektem procesów naturalnych.

EN

The chemical quality of groundwater beneath the different types of land use areas was examined to evaluate the effects of human activities on groundwater. The study of the results of groundwater quality tests conducted as part of the Polish National Monitoring in 1995–2017 was performed in order to evaluate the effects of human activities on groundwater in the aquifers of different levels of isolation. The most polluted waters are those collected at monitoring points located within unconfined aquifers of industrial areas. The waters taken from monitoring points located in rural areas and arable lands show a high level of nitrates and sulphates. In urban areas, also phosphate and zinc concentrations are elevated. The least polluted waters were collected from points located in urban green areas. The groundwater chemistry in analyzed monitoring points depends on both natural factors and the nature of land use. Elevated concentrations of NO3 –, HPO4 – or SO4 2– are evidently the result of human activity, while the increased levels of Na, Cl and NH4 + come from both anthropogenic sources and natural processes. Ca and Mg concentrations in the studied waters are mainly the result of natural processes.

9

Diagnoza stanu prawnego i organizacyjnego monitoringu wód podziemnych w Polsce

Witkowski A. J., Dąbrowska D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 11/2

1393--1397

EN

The article presents the current groundwater monitoring system in Poland. It points out the ambiguity of the terminology and the correlation between the previous concept, based on the areal criterion for monitoring networks (national, regional and local) and the recently introduced three types of monitoring: diagnostic, operational and research monitoring. In this context, the problem of changing legal regulations that govern the groundwater monitoring has been given special attention. Constant changes in the legal acts result in the ambiguity about who is currently responsible for the groundwater monitoring system and its various types in Poland. The paper explicitly addresses the question of the functioning of the local monitoring in Poland and the presentation of the results. It has been found out that the approach to the local and research monitoring ofgroundwater in annual reports on the state of the environment in particular regions published by the Voivodeship Inspectorates of Environmental Protection (WIOS) is inconsistent. These reports, being an essential element in disseminating information about the environment, should be complete, clear and consistent. Unfortunately, the quality of reports is highly variable in both technical terms and the merits. In many cases, they are incomplete due to the lack of information about the local monitoring as well as the fact that the issue of groundwater is frequently dealt with in a very superficial manner. The access to the data contained in these reports is sometimes difficult because of their different location on the websites of WIOS.

10

Analiza stężeń azotanów w wodach podziemnych Polski (2004–2015) z uwzględnieniem obszarów narażonych na zanieczyszczenie ze źródeł rolniczych

Rojek A., Piskorek K., Kuczyńska A., Palak-Mazur D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 11/2

1367--1370

EN

The paper presents variability of average NO3 concentrations in groundwater in the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) and other locations across Poland. Data for the reporting periods 2004-2007, 2008-2011 and 2012-2015 were analyzed according to the Nitrates Directive (91/676/EWG) and European Commission requirements. In general, from 2004 to 2015, the average NO3 concentrations in most of the monitoring points were stable, however, somewhat higher variations were observed in the NVZ. The NO3 concentrations were reduced in 17.21% of the monitoring points located in NVZ, while an increase of NO3 concentration was noticed in 23.77% of points. For all other locations across Poland, reduction of NO3 concentrations was recorded in 17.02%, and an increase in 18.5% ofpoints. Results of long-term monitoring indicate a necessity offurther nitrate pollution control in groundwater. Constant measurement of NO3 concentrations in monitoring points is crucial in detecting and preventing agricultural pressure.

11

Projekt KINDRA. Dostępność informacji o wodach podziemnych w Polsce na tle innych krajów europejskich

Tomaszewska B., Dendys M.

Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych

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2016

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R. 55, nr 2

179--188

PL

KINDRA (Knowledge Inventory for Hydrogeology Research) to Projekt wspólnotowy finansowany w ramach programu badawczego i innowacyjnego Unii Europejskiej – Horyzont 2020 (grant Nr 642047). Jego głównym celem jest podsumowanie stanu obecnej wiedzy naukowej i praktycznej w obszarze badań i rozwoju hydrogeologii w poszczególnych krajach europejskich. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki działań zrealizowanych w ramach pierwszego zadania, ukierunkowanego na rozpoznanie stanu dostępności źródeł informacji w dziedzinie hydrogeologii w krajach partnerskich. Wyniki ankiety przeprowadzonej przez koordynatora Projektu wykazały znaczącą liczbę instytucji, których działalność w krajach europejskich może wspomóc prowadzenie badań w rozpatrywanej dziedzinie. Zajmują się one zarówno badaniami w zakresie określania zasobów wód podziemnych, jak również monitoringiem ich stanu. Wyniki ankiety pozwoliły na ustalenie zaangażowania krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w prowadzenie polityki w zakresie wdrożenia zaleceń Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej 2000/60/ WE. Przeprowadzone rozpoznanie w odniesieniu do krajowych uwarunkowań wykazało znaczną liczbę instytucji, których działalność może stanowić wsparcie w badaniach oraz źródło informacji o zasobach i jakości wód podziemnych. Istotną rolę w dostępie do informacji stanowią też prace publikowane.

EN

KINDRA (Knowledge Inventory for Hydrogeology Research) is an EU project funded by the European Commission’s Research and Innovation Programme HORIZON 2020 (Grant Agreement No. 642047). The main objective of the project is the collection and storage of contemporary practical and scientific knowledge on hydrogeology research and the development this branch in selected European countries. This article shows the results of activities of the first stage of the KINDRA project. The challenge was recognizing the state of knowledge in the field of hydrogeology in the partner countries and the availability of sources of information. The survey results have shown a significant number of institutions, the activities of which can support research in the hydrogeology field in European countries. The results of the survey allowed the involvement of EU member countries in the implementation of the recommendations of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 /EC to be established. In Poland there are a lot of institutions, the activities of which may provide support to research or information about resources and groundwater quality. Papers published in science journals can play an important role in access to information.

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Ogólna ocena stanu wód podziemnych na terenie Gdańska i Sopotu : podsumowanie

Lidzbarski M., Karwik A., Kordalski Z., Kowalewski T., Pasierowska B., Sokołowski K., Szelewicka A., Tarnawska E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 6

427--435

EN

This paper synthetically describes results of research conducted in Gdańsk in 2009–2014. The chemical composition of groundwater varies between aquifers. Intermoraine, Miocene and Oligocene aquifers conduct freshwater with a mineralisation of below 600 mg/dm³. These waters preserve natural chemical composition and are characterized by first- and second-class quality. The groundwater of the Cretaceous formation are low-mineralised and represent mainly the HCO₃-Na type and, to a smaller extent, to the HCO₃-Ca type. High concentrations of fluoride ion are also a specific feature of these waters, reaching even 2 mg/dm in some places. The groundwater composition of the Pleistocene-Holocene aquifer is often altered due to the impact of anthropogenic factors. The performed study has enabled identification of zones of past groundwater pollution. The work was focused on determining the type, extent, concentration and the rate of transport of contaminants. Two zones of polluted water have been identified with different specific substances. Based on the study, activities aimed at reducing the risks and improving an appropriate water management have been undertaken, particularly with regard to the endangered groundwater intakes.

13

Etapy i zakres prac badawczych realizowanych w ramach zintegrowanego systemu monitorowania wód podziemnych w Gdańsku i Sopocie w latach 2011–2014

Lidzbarski M., Kordalski Z.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 6

382--388

EN

This paper synthetically describes the stages and methods used in the course of research carried out within the integrated groundwater monitoring system in Gdańsk and Sopot in 2011–2014. The study was divided into 3 stages: surveillance, operational and research monitoring. Surveillance monitoring, implemented in 2011–2012, involved comprehensive assessment of the groundwater state. Operational monitoring, carried out in 2013, was intended to confirm the previously identified hydrogeochemical anomalies and to establish ongoing trends in quality changes. The third stage of the research was conducted in post-industrial and urban areas of Gdańsk, where groundwater contamination had been identified. The work focused on the determination of the type, extent, concentration and rate of transport of contaminants. Another task was to prepare a tool enabling efficient use of collected information. It was decided to create a platform for hydrogeological information exchange (environmental database) in the form of geoMonitoring web application.

14

Evaluation of Environmental Hazard During Shale Gas Exploration Process in Poland in the Years 2012-2014

Konieczyńska M., Macuda J., Nagy S., Siemek J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2016

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Vol. 23, nr 4

571--581

EN

This paper is a summary of results of environmental analysis conducted by PGI-NRI, AGH-UST within the monitoring of natural gas prospecting in unconventional deposits. All elements of natural environment were analyzed and on this basis the qualitative and quantitative impact of drilling and hydraulic fracturing of shales could be assessed. Special attention was drawn to the analysis of the physicochemical condition of post-reaction fluids, soil gas in the well pad area and drilling fluids. The results of analysis reveal that prospecting works do not create a significant environmental hazard. Some indices connected, e.g. with the noise climate lightly exceeded permissible values. Nonetheless, if extensive prospecting and production of shale gas are involved, the environmental studies need to be broadened to supplement this report.

15

Changes in groundwater regime during vegetation period in Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

Krogulec E., Zabłocki S., Sawicka K.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

525--540

EN

An analysis of the dynamics of groundwater levels in the Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs), which cover a vast part of the middle Vistula River valley in central Poland was carried out. The study area, typical of large river valleys, was investigated by detailed monitoring of groundwater levels. Based on statistical analysis and the geostatistical modeling of monitoring data for 1999–2013, the range and dynamics of groundwater level fluctuations were determined for the entire interval and for the vegetation periods. The values of retention and infiltration recharge in various periods were compared with average values, indicating intervals of potential groundwater deficiency in GDEs. The amplitude of groundwater fluctuations, retention and infiltration were determined for vegetation periods characterized by the highest water intake by plants and the highest evapotranspiration. Particular attention has been drawn to the analysis of low groundwater levels in the vegetation periods, with water deficiencies potentially threatening the correct functioning of plant communities in GDEs. Moreover, the study has allowed us to indicate areas with insufficient groundwater levels during vegetation periods that may be hazardous to plant communities. The results may be a basis for the elaboration of correct management plans, protection measures and projects, or GDE renaturalization.

16

Wyniki oznaczeń pestycydów w punktach pomiarowych monitoringu stanu chemicznego wód podziemnych

Cabalska J., Mikołajczyk A., Palak-Mazur D., Wołkowicz W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

635--638

EN

Since 2009 Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute has pursued measurements of pesticide concentration in the chosen points of groundwater chemical status monitoring as a part of State Environmental Monitoring. The article shows the results, which confirm that in groundwater in Poland occurrences of pesticides are mostly below of their limits of quantification or very close to them.

17

Możliwości identyfikacji suszy hydrogeologicznej na podstawie monitoringu i modelowania GIS na przykładzie regionu Dolnej Odry i Przymorza Zachodniego

Gurwin J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

738--742

EN

The paper presents the problem of spatial analysis capabilities of hydrogeological drought based on long-term observations of groundwater table fluctuations in the national monitoring network and multi-criteria modelling using GIS tools. An uncomplicated as possible scheme was developed, allowing for rapid qualitative assessment of spatial variability of susceptibility and exposure to drought. The mean values were determined from the annual lowest states of water table for every monitoring point being accepted for analysis. And drought periods were established. Afterwards the map of spatial distribution of drought was created and put in GIS modelling as the input layer together with other appropriate weighted overlay function parameters.

18

Jednorodność sieci monitoringowej wód podziemnych w rejonie kompleksu składowisk odpadów w Strzemieszycach

Dąbrowska D, Sołtysiak M., Kucharski R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

657--660

EN

The correct assessment of the groundwater chemical status in the region of the real or potential contamination sources is possible due to reliable and representative results of monitoring researches. The homogenously-designed monitoring network allows us to get the data from the whole specified area. This paper shows calculations of the representativity index and the nearest neighborhood index to determine the homogeneity of the monitoring network of the landfills’ system in Strzemieszyce (D¹browa Górnicza). There were taken into account piezometers intaking Quaternary and Triassic aquifer. In particular, it has been determined if an existing number of monitoring points is sufficient for this area and optimal for the assessment of the groundwater threat.

19

Evaluation of landfill leachate pollution: findings from a monitoring study at municipal waste landfill

Vaverková M. D., Adamcová D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 2

19--32

EN

The monitoring that was carried out at the landfill specialized in leachate, groundwater and surface water. There were 6 sampling sites. The observed parameters were pH, BOD5, CODCr, conductivity. Leachate reached the high values in all observed parameters. Groundwater samples were collected at two monitoring wells and the sampling site (A, B, C). Surface water was collected from two sampling sites (D, E). The pH showed slightly acid values at all sampling points. The pH of surface water was slightly acid to neutral. Both BOD5 and CODCr values remained stable over the reporting period. The average conductivity value at sampling points D, E remained constant. In line with the Czech National Standard ČSN 75 7221 “Classification of Surface Water Quality” sampling point D belongs to II Water Quality Class – slightly polluted water and sampling site E to Class I water quality – unpolluted water. The authors believe that the fluctuations occurring with regard to the values of certain samples were not caused by the operation of the landfill itself, but were a result of the intense agricultural activity nearby the landfill.

20

Conception of vadose zone research in the area of Goczałkowice reservoir

Czekaj J., Trepka K.

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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2013

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Vol. 2, iss. 1

22--26

EN

Goczałkowice reservoir is one of the main source of drinking water for Upper Silesia Region. In reference to Water Frame Directive matter since 2010 the strategic research project: „Integrated system supporting management and protection of dammed reservoir (ZiZoZap)”, which is being conducted on Goczałkowice reservoir, has been pursued. In the framework of this project complex groundwater monitoring is carried on. One aspect is vadose zone research, conducted to obtain information about changes in chemical composition of infiltrating water and mass transport within this zone. Based on historical data and the structural model of direct catchment of Goczałkowice reservoir location of the vadose zone research site was selected. At the end of November 2012 specially designed lysimeter was installed with 10 MacroRhizon samplers at each lithological variation in unsaturated zone. This lysimeter, together with nested observation wells, located in the direct proximity, create the vadose zone research site which main aim is specifying the amount of nitrate transport in the vertical profile.