A comparison of two methods of radiocarbon age determination of groundwater is presented. The simplest Pearson model and the “user-defined” option of the NETPATH program were considered. Both methods were used to determine the age of water from a PZ-2 piezometer that is situated in the foreground of chamber Z-32 in Wieliczka Salt Mine. Results of these calculations clearly demonstrate that 14C ages obtained by the Pearson model can be significantly overestimated in comparison with those determined by the NETPATH code. Without additional data, such as the stable isotope composition of the water, conclusions on the age of the groundwater based solely on the Pearson model may be highly inadequate.
2
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
W artykule przedstawiono problemy z jednoznaczną oceną stanu ilościowego i chemicznego wynikające ze zmienności pionowej wybranych parametrów fizykochemicznych wody podziemnej. Badania zrealizowano w otworze Rybna 57 o głębokości 260 m ujmującego wody szczelinowo-krasowego GZWP 326 Częstochowa E. Otwór ten jest orurowany tylko do głębokości 80 m ppt. Wykonane na różnych głębokościach pomiary ciśnienia wykazały możliwość przepływów pionowych. Zmienność w pionie stężeń trytu pozwoliła na interpretację wieku wody podziemnej dopływającej do otworu. Zauważono także zmienność pionową stężeń azotanów i chromu, będących głównymi zanieczyszczeniami w obszarze badań.
EN
On ехаmрlе of investigations in Rybna no.57 well are shown the problem with precise determination of quantitative and chemical status. The well with depth of 260 m is located in the upper Jurassic Major Groundwater Basin No.326 north of Częstochowa. In the section from 80 m below land surface to the bottom the well is unscreened. The measurement of vertical hydrostatic pressure variability shows possibility of water flow inside the well. The vertical variability of tritium concentration created the possibility of water age interpretation. Nitrate and chromium which are the most important pollution indicators in that region, shows also vertical changeability.
3
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
Mineral water of the chemical type Cl–Na, Br, I, B are exploited by water intake Połczyn IG–1 in the Połczyn Zdrój. The intake is screened in the Upper Triassic(Keuper) strata. The water is mineralised at 75 g/dm3. In 2001, a new borehole Połczyn 2 was also drilled. It screened in the uppermost Triassic (Rhaetian) sandstones and took waters of mineralization of 0.74 g/dm3. At present the Połczyn 2 well is not exploited. The isotopic and chemical composition of water from these intakes were examined. Water “age” in the Połczyn 2 intake is estimated at 5500 years. Therefore, it is a relatively “young” water,infiltrated during the Middle Holocene. However, the borehole Połczyn IG–1 yields “old” water of pre-Quaternary infiltration. This water can contain admixture of the other waters, e.g., probably relict marine waters. In the Połczyn Spa area deep circulation waters reach layers of low permeability, at 600–800 m deep. Within the Triassic strata there is a dramatic difference of waters total mineralisation (TDS). Water in the Rhaetian formations have mineralistion of 0.74 g/dm3, while in the Keuper strata the TDS reaches 75 g/dm3. Claystones strata, more than 300 m thick, occur between the Keuper and the Rhaetian layers.The claystone beds are a good aquiclude stratum and block cross-formational flow from underlying layers.
This papers presents a picture of chemical variability of groundwaters in a region of high anthropogenic pollution, around the city of Łódź. The research as conducted in three groups of wells, all representing aquifres of potable waters within the Łódź hydrogeological basin. Two groups of wells chosen within the city area and one outside it, in a rural area. Research showed that the Łódź hydrogeological basin were presents the inversion type, regarding mineralization and chemical composition of water. Within Cainozoic rocks, inversion is caused by anthropopression, but in deeper aquifers geogenic processes play a domiant role. The same pattern of conditions varies also horizontally in each aquifer. Ca, Mg, Na and CI ions are of greater importance in the group of indicators ofhydrochemical variability of groundwaters. These elements have connection with pollution processes of groundwaters, visible in changes of hardness and salinity. Hydrochemical changes are also indicated by NO2 and NH4
5
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW
Oznaczenia izotopów środowiskowych i interpretacja wyników stanowią ważny element badań hydrogeologicznych. W Polsce stosuje się przede wszystkim oznaczenia trytu 14C (13C) oraz stabilnych izotopów tlenu i wodoru. Możliwość stosowania innych izotopów obiecujących z punktu widzenia hydrogeologii jak 36Cl jest ograniczona ze względu na konieczność korzystania z laboratoriów zagranicznych. W artykule podjęto próbę zwięzłego przedstawienia podstawowych informacji o pochodzeniu wspomnianych wyżej izotopów promieniotwórczych i ich zastosowaniu do oceny czasu przebywania wód podziemnych w środowisku skalnym. Podano kilka podstawowych modeli pozwalających, do pewnego stopnia, ocenę taką skwantyfikować. Krótko omówiono możliwość zastosowania do "datowania" innych izotopów kosmogenicznych i/lub antropogenicznych.
EN
Determinations of environmental isotopes and the interpretation of results constitute an important pan of hydrogeological investigations. In Poland mostly measurements of tritium and 14C (13C) as well as of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen are applied. The possibility of determination of other isotopes promising from the hydrogeological point of view like 36Cl is limited as they have to be carried out in foreign laboratories. The paper includes an attempt to concisely present basic information concerning the origin of the above-mentioned radioactive isotopes and their application to evaluate the time of groundwaters residence in the rock environment. A few basic models are presented; their application allows to a certain extent to quantify this evaluation. The possibilities to apply for water "dating" other cosmogenic and/or anthropogenic are briefly discussed.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.