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Water quality and microbial contamination status of Madawachchiya, Padaviya and Kebithigollewa areas in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka

Mahagamage M. G. Y. L., Manage Pathmalal M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

2019

no. 42

1--11

Typhoid or enteric fever is a worldwide infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica. In Sri Lanka, 12,823 Salmonella positive cases were recorded and 133 cases were recorded from Anuradhapura district during 2005 to 2014. Therefore, the study was carried out to identify the microbiological and chemical contamination status of forty-four water sources in Anuradhapura area during October 2016. The study was focused to determine total coliform, faecal coliform, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. contamination along with some physico-chemical parameters of both ground and surface water. Sampling, transportation, and analysis were performed following standard protocols. Results of the study revealed that almost all sampling locations were contaminated with both total and E. coli bacteria and the values were not within the World Health Organization and Sri Lanka Standards drinking water quality standards. Around 32% of sampling locations were positive for Salmonella spp. and among them, 2 spring sampling locations are being highly used to extract water for drinking. However, Shigella spp. was not recorded during the study period. Majority of the sampling points were not within the Sri Lanka drinking water standards for COD and 25% sampling locations were recorded greater than 750 μS∙cm–1 conductivity. Also, 55% of locations recorded very hard water where the highest values were recorded in Padaviya. The tested other water quality parameters: NO2-N, NH3-N, and total phosphate (TP) concentrations were found within the Sri Lanka drinking water standards. PCA analysis revealed that sampling locations were grouped into three groups such as; well water, tank water and springs.

Dur brzuszny jest chorobą o zasięgu światowym wywoływaną przez bakterie Salmonella enterica. W latach 2005– 2014 na Sri Lance zanotowano 12 823 przypadki zakażenia salmonellą, w tym 133 przypadki na terenie dystryktu Anuradhapura. Dlatego podjęto badania celem zidentyfikowania stanu zanieczyszczenia mikrobiologicznego i chemicznego 44 źródeł wody na terenie Anuradhapura w październiku 2016 r. Oznaczono całkowitą liczbę bakterii grupy coli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. i Shigella spp. oraz niektóre fizyczne i chemiczne parametry wód gruntowych i powierzchniowych. Pobieranie próbek, transport i analizy wykonywano według standardowych procedur. Wyniki analiz wykazały, że niemal wszystkie stanowiska były zanieczyszczone zarówno bakteriami E. coli jak i bakteriami grupy coli, a ich liczebność przekraczała normy WHO i Sri Lanki. W około 32% stanowisk stwierdzono obecność Salmonella spp., wśród nich 2 źródła, które są intensywnie eksploatowane na cele spożywcze. W okresie badań nie stwierdzono obecności Shigella spp. Wody większości stanowisk nie spełniały norm Sri Lanki, pod względem poziomu ChZT, a w 25% stanowisk przewodnictwo wody przekraczało 750 μS∙cm–1. Wody 55% stanowisk wykazywały dużą twardość z najwyższymi wartościami notowanymi w Padaviya. Inne parametry chemiczne takie jak: NO2-N, NH3-N i fosfor całkowity mieściły się w normach jakości wody pitnej w Sri Lance. Za pomocą analizy PCA zagregowano badane źródła w trzy grupy: wody ze studni, wody ze zbiorników i wody źródlane.

Changes of the concentrations of dissolved chemical compounds migrating into ground water through biogeochemical barriers in an agricultural landscape

Szajdak L., Życzyńska-Bałoniak I., Jaskulska R., Szczepański M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2009

Vol. 38, No.4

109-116

Forms of nitrogen (N-NO_3, N-NH4^+, N-org) and phosphorus (P-PO_4^-3, P-org) were investigated in ground and surface water as well as in precipitation and run-off. The highest concentration of all the investigated compounds was determined in the drain and in run-off. This investigation shows that afforestations and small ponds function as very efficient biogeochemical barriers with regard to N-NO_3 - and P-PO_4^-3. They do not, however, limit the spread of P-org.