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Role of wastewater treatment plants in pollution reduction - evaluated by Grey Water Footprint indicator

Stejskalová Lada, Ansorge Libor, Kučera Jiří, Čejka Elžbieta

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2022

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Vol. 31, No. 1

26--36

EN

The study assesses the pollution discharged from 251 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) throughout the Odra river basin in the Czech Republic. The development of pollution production over a period of 15 years (2004–2018) together with a number of WWTPs in the Odra river basin were analyzed. The Grey Water Footprint (GWF) of discharged pollution was determined both in terms of individual size categories of WWTPs and in terms of the parameter that most affects the level of pollution. The share of the small WWTPs size categories (up to 2,000 PE) on the total GWF value of discharged pollution is only 8%, although these are the most numerous. The share of the WWTPs of the size category > 10,000 PE on the total GWF value of discharged pollution is 82%. Total phosphorus (at large WWTPs) and ammonium nitrogen (at small WWTPs) were identified as the key pollutants that most determine the value of the Grey water footprint of discharged pollution.

2

Wpływ oczyszczalni ścieków na redukcję zanieczyszczeń odprowadzanych w czeskiej części dorzecza Odry

Ansorge Libor, Stejskalová Lada, Dlabal Jiří, Čejka Elžbieta

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2020

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Vol. 29, No. 2

123--135

PL

Zanieczyszczenie wód powierzchniowych w całym dorzeczu Odry jest postrzegane jako poważny problem, na który znacząco wpływa niewystarczający stopień oczyszczania ścieków w zlewniach cząstkowych w stosunku do dostępnych najnowocześniejszych technologii i celów środowiskowych dyrektywy 2000/60/WE. Do określenia wpływu przemysłowych i komunalnych oczyszczalni ścieków na redukcję odprowadzanych zanieczyszczeń w czeskiej części międzynarodowego dorzecza Odry wykorzystano metodę oceny szarego śladu wodnego. W czeskiej części dorzecza Odry przeanalizowano dane z 391 oczyszczalni ścieków w latach 2004–2018. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że oczyszczalnie ścieków zmniejszają nawet o 92% szary ślad wodny, tj. ilość wody potrzebnej do rozcieńczenia zanieczyszczeń odprowadzanych do odbiornika w czeskiej części dorzecza Odry.

EN

Surface water pollution is referred to be a problem in the entire Odra river basin. In sub-basins, an insufficient degree of wastewater treatment has been identified as a major problem – in relation to the best available technologies and environmental objectives of Directive 2000/60/EC. The grey water footprint indicator was used to express the influence of point sources of pollution (industrial and municipal wastewater treatment plants) on discharged pollution reduction in the Czech part of the international Odra river basin. The number of 391 records of wastewater treatment plants for the period 2004-2018 was analysed. The results show that the wastewater treatment plants reduce by up to 92% the potential water needs for dilution of pollution discharged into waters in the Czech part of the Odra river basin.

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Impact of runoff prediction on grey water footprint in a small agricultural catchment

Hejduk Leszek, Hejduk Agnieszka

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2019

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Vol. 7, Iss. 1

41--46

EN

According to Hoekstra et al. (2011) the water footprint within a geographic area is defined as the total freshwater consumption and pollution within the boundaries of the area. The grey part of the water footprint refers to pollution and is an indicator of the water volume needed to assimilate a pollutant load that reaches a water body. It is possible then, based on the grey water footprint to estimate if the water available in a river at a particular crosssection will be sufficient to maintain a water pollution level (WPL) below 100%. The crossing of 100% indicates that the waste assimilation capacity has been fully consumed in this particular catchment. In this paper, the grey water footprint from nonpoint source pollution has been calculated based on long-term hydrometrological data for the upper part of a small agricultural catchment (area of 23.4 km2 ) (Zagożdżonka River) in central Poland. Based on land use and the amount of fertilizers applied in the catchment, together with information about the natural concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the river, as well as maximum acceptable concentration, the water pollution level has been calculated for actual conditions. The estimation of future runoff decreases for the considered catchment (Banasik, Hejduk 2012) has been applied in order to estimate potential future water pollution levels. The calculation shows that, even when the management practices in this catchment remain as they are, including the current extensive crop production, the WPL of 100% will be exceeded in the year 2033 (for phosphorus) and 2043 (for nitrogen) due only to the decreasing availability of water.

4

Comparison of the water footprint in Poland and Ukraine

Panasiuk D., Suduk O., Miłaszewski R., Skrypchuk P.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2018

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nr 4

112--123

EN

The aim of the article is to compare the indices of water resources in Poland and Ukraine. The water footprint is an instrument which allows to link the consumption of water resources with the consumption of goods. The blue water footprint shows the consumption of water for production of goods, the green – the use of rainwater in agriculture and forestry and the gray – the amount of water necessary to assimilate pollution. Poland and Ukraine have different climates. The north-western part of Ukraine has a climate similar to Poland, i.e. moderate continental with an annual rainfall of 600 mm/ yr. Southern Ukraine is a grassland plain with warm continental and marine climate and an annual rainfall of 300 mm/yr. This generates a greater need of water for Ukrainian agriculture. The green footprint of Ukraine (2302 m3/cap/yr) is twice as high as that in Poland (1121 m3/cap/yr). As a result, the total water footprint of Ukraine (2881 m3/cap/yr) exceeds the total water footprint of Poland (1503 m3/cap/yr). Analysis of “virtual water” indicates that the total net export of water from Ukraine is 282 m3/cap/yr. At the same time, the net import of water to Poland amounts to 147 m3/cap/yr.