We wstępie artykułu opisano kwantowo-mechaniczny efekt tunelowy. Wykonano obliczenia strzałki ugięcia mikrobelki krzemowej pod wpływem przyspieszenia. Obliczono też natężenie prądu tunelowego, płynącego przez złącze utworzone między końcem igły o atomowej grubości ostrza zamocowanej na mikrobelce i powierzchnią Przedstawiono projekt czujnika przyspieszenia o wysokiej czułości, w którym zastosowano układy takich złącz połączone szeregowo i równolegle. Przedyskutowano otrzymane wyniki oraz możliwości zastosowania takich czujników przyspieszenia w szczególności jako precyzyjnych grawimetrów.
EN
The quantum-mechanical tunneling effect is described in introduction of the article. Computation of the bending arrow of the microcantilever undergo acceleration are conducted. A tunneling current intensity flowing in the junction between tip of the needle witch atomic size thickness connected with the microcantilever made of silicone and surface are also executed. The project of the high sensitivity accelerometer based on systems of the junction connected parallel and in series is presented. Obtained results and feasibility of the application of the considered system in accelerometers, especially in precision gravimeters are discussed.
For last two centuries the role of gravity measurements in geodesy was continuously growing with the development of physical geodesy, growing needs for precise geodetic products and progress in technology. A very condensed historical review of gravimetric surveys with their uncertainty characteristics is given in the paper. It starts with single gravity measurements using simple pendulum through the application of reversible pendulum up to four-pendulum apparatus. Superiority of relative gravity survey over absolute gravity survey using pendulum has been highlighted. Further, the development of static spring gravimeters is briefly presented followed by precise ballistic gravimeters that provide more accurate gravity than relative gravity survey and become a valuable tool for geodynamic research. The concept of superconducting gravimeter and its role in geodynamic research is highlighted. Special emphasis is given to the portable free-fall gravimeter A10 designed for field survey. Also the achievements in the direction of developing atomic absolute gravimeters are briefly mentioned. The evolution of the concept and realization of the gravity control is discussed on the background of the progress in gravimetry, paying special attention on its scale and gravity level. It is illustrated with some examples of evolving Polish national gravity control. Finally an attempt to formulate the concept of modern gravity control is presented.
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The most perspective gravimeters which work in structure of aviation gravimetrical system is gyroscopic. Nevertheless doublerings in comparison with singlerings dynamically adjusted gyroscopes, have advantages, most powerful of which: higher accuracy and speed, small dimensions, high sensivity. In work it is received the equations of movement new dynamically adjusted gravimeter which will enable to investigate it(him) further, to make mathematical modelling, to define static and dynamic errors.
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