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PL
Gwiazdy bozonowe oraz gwiazdy fermionowe mogły powstać we wczesnym Wszechświecie podczas grawitacyjnego przejścia fazowego pierwszego rzędu. Być może część z nich zachowała się do dziś. Poszukiwania ich obejmują przede wszystkim centralne części galaktyk. Soczewkowanie grawitacyjne jest jedną z metod obserwacyjnych, która może pomóc je znaleźć.
EN
Boson stars and fermion stars may have formed in the early universe during a first-order gravitational phase transition. Perhaps some of them have survived till now. The search for them covers mainly the central parts of galaxies. Gravitational lensing is one of the observational methods that can help find them.
2
Content available Oddziaływania czarnych dziur
PL
Końcowym stadium niepohamowanego kolapsu grawitacyjnego jest pojedynczy obiekt zwany czarną dziurą. Czy czarne dziury zawsze mają taką samą uniwersalną postać? Chociaż twierdzenie o jednoznaczności czarnych dziur udziela pozytywnej odpowiedzi na to pytanie, to każde twierdzenie jest tylko tak silne, jak jego założenia. Przez wiele lat fizycy nie potrafili wykluczyć istnienia stacjonarnych konfiguracji dwóch czarnych dziur, które mogłyby wspólnie tworzyć bardziej złożony obiekt. Obecnie znamy rozwiązanie tego problemu.
EN
The final stage of an unrestrained gravitational collapse is a single object known as a black hole. Do black holes always have the same universal form? Although the uniqueness theorem provides a positive answer to this question, every theorem is only as strong as its assumptions. For many years physicists were unable to exclude the existence of stationary configurations of two black holes that could form together a more complex object. Currently, we know the solution to this problem.
EN
The emergence of energy from the product of viscosity, volume and intrinsic or extrinsic frequency indicates that the ten fold difference in this property displayed by water could define the boundary of the physicochemical conditions of living systems. Intra-aqueous energy induced by geomagnetic variations and experimental time-varying magnetic fields within specific volumes of water maintained in static, dark conditions can be manifested as photon emissions with shifts in spectral power that approximate the width of the plasma cell membrane. Various manipulations of the viscosity of water accurately predicted the frequency required to affect intracellular organelles such as vesicles as well as the intramolecular pressures that affect interactions with photons. Application of the Smoluschowski-Einstein relation to the proton, the mediator of pH and the dynamics of the hydronium ion, potentially explained the vector characteristics of the frequency band of extremely low frequency magnetic fields that slow malignant cells. The derivation of viscosity from the inverse of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant, diffusivity and the square of the applied frequency indicates that resonant oscillations between the solid earth and the atmosphere and unit variations in solar flux density may be relevant variables.
EN
The origins of the continuous free oscillations of the whole earth have been attributed to coupling between the solid earth and atmosphere primarily through the fundamental spheroidal mode 0S29 oscillation of ~3.7 mHz. The origins of these interference patterns have been attributed to an excitation source just above the Earth’s surface. However, comparable surface oscillations have been measured in the Sun’s photosphere. The cube root of the product of the gravitational constant, the spectral radiance of the sun, and the square of the frequency produced an acceleration value that was identical to the measured amplitude of the free Earth oscillations (~0.4∙10-11 m∙s-2). The quantitative convergence suggests these narrow-band accelerations may emerge within the Sun-Earth system as it moves through galactic space. Keywords: Earth’s free oscillations; gravitation; solar Rossby waves; nanoGals; spheroidal modes; solar spectral radiance.
EN
The Borowski Theory of Gravitation (BTG) indicates that movements of mass such as planets through space are determined by differential pressures from dark matter. One of the consequences of the final epoch is that there would be no matter but only distance. Quantitative solutions indicate that the tensor to set universal average dark matter pressure equal to G, the gravitational constant, would require that the terminal length would be ~2.2∙1069 m or effectively identical to current estimates of energy equivalence of the universal mass. For the earth’s orbit the force from the dark pressure is the same order of magnitude as the force associated with the product of the planet’s mass and background free oscillations whose origins are still ambiguous. The convergences of solutions suggest that the BTG may reveal alternative interpretations and mechanisms for the role of gravitation in planetary motion.
6
Content available Mass Moment Determination Using Compound Pendulum
EN
This work has been performed to verify the existent knowledge on determination of the mass moment. For the experiment, a compound pendulum was used. The motivation to undertake these studies were experimental results indicating a big discrepancy in mass moments between the values coming from calculations using the definition formula and these obtained from the experiment. In relation to the axial moment the relative error equals 23.6%, whereas regarding the polar moment the error reached 56.4%. Considering the reason of that discrepancy we could find the existent theory not to be adequate. The theory is then considered in view of verifying first the mathematical pendulum and next the physical/ compound pendulum theory. The consideration has been focused on the description of accelerated motion cycle of both pendulums as it was enough to solve the problem. A source differential equation, which serves to solve any quantum phenomena, was used in the study. Then the course of creation of detailed characteristics of the phase of mathematical pendulum accelerated motion is presented as the basis to derive formula on the mass moment of a compound pendulum. At the end this new adequate theory was verified showing the relative error to be less than one per cent.
EN
In this paper, a theory of the phenomenon of planetary circulation around the Sun is presented, as well as the stability of solar systems is explained. This theory describes the circulation of planets and Rother mass-holding bodies around the Sun as a phenomenon consisting in the principle of differentia pressure in solar systems and thus excludes gravitation phenomenon as the phenomenon of attraction.
8
Content available Quantum theory of gravitation
EN
In the paper, the outline of a new quantum theory of gravitation is presented. The energetic states of a material body, stable and unstable, are described. Characteristics of a body motion in a gravitation-inertia space-time has been given. It has been proved that all the time both gravitation and inertia are co-existent, independent on the position of a moving object. This is the reason of that twolink name of the space-time. A thorough in-depth analysis of the problem made it possible to state that so called the law of common gravity is a hyperbolic approximation of a proper course of inertia force. Therefore the mentioned courses have only two common points. One of them, the initial point belongs also to the course line of the gravity force, constant on the whole length of space-time. This theory is adequate in character and thus generally does not corresponds with the existent classical theory of gravitation.
EN
In the paper, the adequate theory of oscillator is presented, being a sort of prelude to verification of the classical theory of mechanics. In the first part of the paper the principle of energy conservation was considered. This second part of the paper is to present the energetic aspects of oscillator motion. Here also an exemplary real system corresponding with the existent differential equation of oscillator is given. They are to develop the kinetics of a body in the harmonic motion, to be presented in the next Part of the work.
EN
In the paper, the adequate theory of oscillator is presented, being a sort of prelude to verification of the classical theory of mechanics. The developed theory is based on a properly understood notion of energy, quantum value changes of its determined measures (potentials), as well as of such chan ges types of sites of full energetic states which presents the essence of the true principle of the energy conservation. In the first part of the paper the principle of energy conservation was considered. Then the energetic aspects of the oscillator motion, with an exemplary real system motion, were presented in the second Part. This part of the paper is devoted to the kinetics of a body in harmonic motion and verification of the adequate theory of oscillator. At the end, the determination of the gravity acceleration by means of mathematical pendulum is performed to confirm the presented findings.
EN
In the paper, the adequate theory of oscillator is presented, being a sort of prelude to verification of the classical theory of mechanics. The developed theory is based on properly understood the notion of energy, on quantum value changes of its determined measures (potentials), as well as of such chan ges types of sites of the total energetic states which present the essence of the true principle of energy conservation. General characteristics of classical mechanics is presented by exemplification of artifacts of classical theory of oscillator, energetic aspects of its motion, kinetics of the body In harmonic motion, and finely a new adequate theory of oscillator. This is the first part of the theory.
EN
In the paper, the adequate theory of oscillator is presented, being a sort of prelude to verification of the classical theory of mechanics. The developed theory is based on a properly understood notion of energy, quantum value changes of its determined measures (potentials), as well as of such chan ges types of sites of full energetic states which presents the essence of the true principle of the energy conservation. In the first part of the paper the principle of energy conservation was considered. Then the energetic aspects of the oscillator motion, with an exemplary real system motion was presented. The third part was a development of kinetics of a body in the harmonic motion and verification of the adequate theory of the oscillator. At the end, this Part 4 is devoted to the determination of the gravity acceleration by means of the mathematical pendulum to confirm the previously presented findings.
13
Content available remote Procesy analiz numerycznych płyt masywnych w strukturach 3D
PL
Publikacja zawiera interpretację fizyczną i techniczną równowagi masy materiału konstrukcji, która usytuowana w kartezjańskiej przestrzeni inercji przejmuje siły grawitacji. Oczekiwanym rezultatem analizy są przemieszczenia i naprężenia wewnętrzne, które stosownie do warunków na powierzchni brył, kwalifikują zagadnienie jako problem statyczny lub dynamiczny. Uwzględniono proces analizy numerycznej dla warunków brzegowych stabilizujących masę. W takich kryteriach uogólniono klasyczną interpretację technicznie ortotropowych struktur w klasie modeli fizycznych 2D i opracowano algorytm wykorzystany do kształtowania elementów konstrukcji inżynierskich w klasie 3D.
EN
The papers contains physical and technical interpretation of equilibrum of mass of material construction which is situated in space of inertia the strength of gravitation. Dislocations and internal tensions are the expected result of analysis, which suitably to conditions on the surface of clods, qualify the matter to static or dynamic problems. The process of numeric analysis was considered for shore stabilising the mass conditions. In such criteria the classic interpretation of the technically orthotropic structures in the class of physical models 2D was generalizing and the algorithm used to formation of the elements of engeenering constructions in 3D class was has worked out.
EN
The effect of additional centrifugal force on stability and volume of the foam formed was studied. Foamability of butanol-1 solutions was studied using the combined pneumatic-mechanical method in which foam was formed by air supplied through the sintered glass and simultaneous action of the mixer rotations. The effect of centrifugal force on the time of rupture of the foam column was determined from measurements of its lifetime either when (i) both the gas supply and mixer rotations were switched off, or (ii) only the gas supply was switched off (the mixer rotated all the time). It was found that in the presence of mixer rotations the time of rupture was always significantly higher, and varied with the velocity of mixer rotations. Longer lifetimes of foam columns in the presence of mixer rotations indicate that the gravitational drainage was slowed down by the centrifugal force exerted by the mixer on foam, and acting in a direction perpendicular to the gravity. A simple model taking into account the influence of additional centrifugal force on gravitational syneresis was elaborated. Model predictions stating that in the presence of centrifugal force the time of drainage should be longer and should depend on angular velocity of the mixer rotation are in a good agreement with the experimental data obtained.
PL
Zaprezentowano najważniejsze - zdaniem autora - poglądy filozoficzne dotyczące czasu. Prze
EN
This is the first part of the paper presenting the most important - in author's opinion -
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