Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Effect of fly ashes and sewage sludge on Fe, Mn, Al, Si and Co uptake by grass mixture

Antonkiewicz J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2014

|

Vol. 15, nr 3

6--13

EN

Application of sewage sludge for environmental management of fly ashes landfill site affects chemical composition of plants. The aim of the present investigations was learning the effect of growing doses of municipal sewage sludge on the yield and uptake of Fe, Mn, Al, Si and Co by grass mixture used for environmental management of fly ashes landfill. The experimental design comprised of 5 objects differing by a dose of municipal sewage sludge supplied per 1 hectare: I. control, II. 25 t d.m., III. 50 t d.m., IV. 75 t d.m. and V. 100 t d.m. Application of sewage sludge resulted in the increase in yield. The content of analyzed elements in the grass mixture depended significantly on sewage sludge dose. Increasing doses of sewage sludge caused marked increase in Mn and Co contents, while they decreased Fe, Al and Si contents in the grass mixture. It was found that growing doses of sewage sludge caused an improvement of Fe to Mn ratio value in the grass mixture. Assessing the element content in the grass mixture in the view of forage value, it was found that Fe and Mn content did not meet the optimal value. Si content in plants was below the optimal value.

2

Wastewater purification by an organic soil and grass-mixture

Kotowska U., Włodarczyk T., Witkowska-Walczak B., Sławiński C.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2009

|

Vol. 35, no. 3

21-33

EN

The paper presents results of a study concerning ammonium and nitrate(V) fixation by soil irrigated with municipal wastcwaters (1-60 mm and 2 doses - 120 mm) and estimation of the possibility of using organic soil and grass-mixture for the wastewater treatment. It was found that the studied soil and the plant applied showed a very high capacity of binding ammonium ions (up to 96%), and lower in the case of nitrates(V) (up to 71%). It was also demonstrated that the single irrigation dose was better utilized compared to the double dose.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące oczyszczania ścieków miejskich w glebie organicznej obsadzonej mieszanką traw (wyczyniec łąkowy, mozga trzcinowata, kostrzewa trzcinowa, koslrzewa łąkowa, mietlica biaława, wiechlina łąkowa i wiechlina błotna). Doświadczenie prowadzono na 3 kwaterach (A - kontrola, B - zalewanie pojedyncza dawką ścieków - 60 mm, C - zalewanie podwójną dawką ścieków -120 mm). Badano stężenie jonów NH_4 i NO_3. Stwierdzono, że badana gleba i zastosowana mieszanka traw wykazują znaczne możliwości do wiązania zarówno jonu amonowego (do 96%) jak i azotanowego (do 71%). Wyższe wskaźniki wiązania jonów uzyskano dla pojedynczej dawki ścieków miejskich niż dla dawki podwójnej.

3

Zmiany zadarnienia mieszanek trawnikowych w okresie czteroletniego intensywnego użytkowania

Czarnecki Z.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2002

|

Vol. 11, No. 1

163--168

EN

In the present study changes in the sod-formation of 8 lawn grass mixtures during four consecutive years of their usage were presented. Evaluation o f sod fonnation by the mixtures was conducted once a month applying a scalę from 1 to 9 (1 - an unfavourable feature, 9 - a highly desirable feature). Twenty-three to twenty-six cuts at a height of 4 cm were carried out during vegetation periods in the years of full utilisation. The present studies showed that the lawn grass mixtures studied varied in their sodding evaluation both in the individual years and on the observation dates during vegetation. In the first year of full utilisation, the foreign mixtures showed a more uniform sod formation and the grades given for their sodding ability were higher and less differentiated (6.7-9.0) than those of the Polish mixtures (4.0-9.0). W hereas in the following years of full utilisation, the Polish mixtures were characterised by a decidedly better and more uniform sod formation than the foreign mixtures, especially in the forth year. The best sod-formation on all observation dates (grades from 5.8 to 9.0) was observed in the case of the "Sport” mixtnres (Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization in Radzików) and the ”Sport” (Agricultural University of Lublin).

4

Wzrost i rozwój niektórych odmian traw w siewie czystym i mieszankach przeznaczonych na trawniki sportowe w roku siewu

Grabowski K., Grzegorczyk S., Benedycki S., Kwietniewski H.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2002

|

Vol. 11, No. 1

113--122

EN

The choosen species and varieties of gazon grasses sown in a pure sowing and mixtures on sport lawns were investigated. In the year of sowing estimated: emergence of plants, propagation and general aspect (scale 9°). Exact experiment microfields founded on 14 may 1998 with split-plot method, there times repeted, on antropogenic soil, formed from loamy sand. Soil before sowing soil was enriched in 10 cm layer of peat. Upper layer of this soil characterized very high content of zine, copper, manganese and ferrum. In the year of sowing an attracted lawn characterized Festuca rubra „Nimba”. Leveled emergence, good compactness and apperance of lawn also characterized varieties of Lolium perenne „Stadion” and „Inka”. Among tested mixtures the best parameters demonstrated mixtures of firms: Johnsons „Trawa sportowa”, Barenbrug „Fooltball” and mixture no 14, projected in Chair of Grassland: Lolium perenne „Stadion” and „Inka, Poa pratensis „NIB 193” and Festuca rubra „Nimba”.

5

Ocena przydatności wybranych odmian hodowlanych Festuca rubra i Festuca ovina do ekstensywnego użytkowania trawnikowego

Golińska B.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2002

|

Vol. 11, No. 1

123--129

EN

In years 1999-2000 an experiment was carried out in the Brody Experimental Station in which the author assessed the usefulness of 20 cultivars of Festuca rubra and 4 cultivars of Festuca ovina for extensive lawn utilisation in the year of sowing and in the first year of utilisation. The experiments comprised the following determinations: the degree of plant tillering (9° scale), number of leaves per plant, number of tillers developed by a plant, sodding (using Weber’s method), sward height (using a herbometer), sward yield (from the area of 0.5 m2) and yield of the root bulk (from a cylinder of 6 cm diameter and the depth of 8 cm). The performed studies were carried out on 1 m2 plots in three replications. In conditions of extensive lawn utilisation, out of 20 cultivars of Festuca rubra, Nimba, Barcrown and Aniset deserve positive marks. In comparison with Leo cultivar, the above cultivars were characterised by better sodding, shorter sward, similar sward yield and distinctly greater weight of roots. Napoli and Smirna received the worst marks for the examined traits. Out of the 4 examined cultivars of Festuca ovina, Mimi proved the best one from the point of view of its sodding traits and root yield although it developed higher plants. Noni also turned out to be a very interesting breeding creation characterised by a very slow regrowth and good sodding. Sodding, sward height and plant over ground and root yields turned out to be good criteria for the assessment of grass cultivar suitability for extensive lawn utilisation.

6

Ocena jakości materiału siewnego dostępnego w handlu polskich i zagranicznych mieszanek traw przeznaczonych do zadarniania boisk sportowych

Harkot W., Czarnecki Z., Czusz T.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2002

|

Vol. 11, No. 1

106--112

EN

One of the reasons for emergency failures and poor sod formation on the grass sports fields can be found in poor seed ąuality of some species included in the mixtures. Moreover, contribution of individual components in the mixture often differs from the composition declared on the package. The studies carried out showed that out of 7 grass mixtures for the sports fields sodding, the share of seeds of the individual components (as determined by weight) was close to the composition declared by the manufacturer on the package only in 2 of thein (differences in the species composition did not exceed 1.5%). In the remaining mixtures, species composition was markedly different from the composition given by the manufacturers on the package (in the case of some components the differences were as high as 8%). The content of pollutants in the mixtures did not exceed 5%; however, in one of them it was significantly higher (9.1%). Seed germination capacity of a given species varied in different mixtures and ranged from 92.0 to 98.6% in Lolium perenne, from 43.0 to 89.6% in Festuca rubra and from 37.0 to 87.0% in Poa pratensis. The expected contribution of species in the sward in the year of sowing as determined for each of the mixtures taking into account the weight of 1000 seeds of the individual components, differed significantly from the percentage share of these species in the mixtures declared by the manufacturer.

7

Gatunki i odmiany traw w mieszankach na trawniki i boiska sportowe

Domański P. J.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2002

|

Vol. 11, No. 1

83--105

EN

Advances in the preparation of grass mixtures, which occurred in the course of years, resulted in the reduction of the use of single grass species. Utilising increasingly comprehensive information about possibilities of grass competitiveness as well as their response to site conditions, it is easy to select appropriate components for seed mixtures. When deciding to sow a single species, it is essential to apply a good variety. The objective of sowing a single species is to standardise a lawn or a playing ground. The principle idea is to eliminate aggressive and competitive species as this helps advantageous characters of a given species to come out more clearly. The disadvantage of this procedure is that the prepared substrate is faster colonized by alien, unwelcome species of grasses and weeds. Additionally, the sown variety is more exposed to infection with diseases. A mixture is easier to apply when the user lacks know ledge about soil-climatic conditions of a given object. Additionally, a mixture tolerates better damages caused by diseases. However, mixtures that are excessively developed botanically may easily be dominated by undesirable species as evidenced by frequent dominations of Agrostis tenuis or Festuca rubra. Effects of this kind of domination rarely occur on playing fields, as the above-mentioned species do not tolerate severe trampling. Classical English lawn mixtures with Agrostis tenuis or Festuca rubra still remain favourite in case of oraamental lawns. In moist conditions, Agrostis tenuis is often replaced by Agrostis canina var. canina. Within Festuca rubra species, cuitivars with short tillers appear to give best results. The best species for intensively utilised lawns (for sporting events) - which are exposed to the wear of turf - the most desirable components of mixtures are good varieties of Poa pratensis, preferably in combinations with late cultivars of Lolium perenne with narrow leaf blades. Mixtures containing Festuca rubra or Festuca arundinacea are recommended for dry soil conditions. The latest mixtures recommended for football grounds in climalic conditions of Westem Europe contain only two or three most valuable Lolium perenne cultivars. Golf grounds are sown exclusively with Agrostis tenuis or Festuca rubra cultivars that develop strong, dense turf and are resistant to frequent cutting. Confection companies determine weight proportions of individual components in mixtures.