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Combustion characteristics of biochar from food processing waste

Kluska Jacek, Ramotowski Jakub

Archives of Thermodynamics

2024

Vol. 45, no 1

45--51

This work examines biochar from carbonization of grape waste, and oat and buckwheat husks at 450ºC. The main aspects of the work concern the analysis of the fixed carbon and ash content in accordance with the European Standard. Obtained results showed that biochar from oat and buckwheat husk can be used for barbeque charcoal and barbeque charcoal briquettes production, whereas biochar derived from grape waste can be used for the charcoal briquettes production. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that biochar from grape stalk is characterized by the highest ignition and burnout performance, but in relation to the remaining samples, combustion process occurs in a narrow range of time and temperature. Obtained results showed that biochar from oat and buckwheat husks has properties, as well as combustion stability and reactivity, similar to commercial charcoal.

Grape Quality Parameters in Western Carpathian Region under Changing Climatic Conditions as Influenced by Drought

Bernáth Slavko, Šiška Bernard, Paulen Oleg, Zuzulová Veronika, Pintér Eduard, Žilinský Matej, Tóth František

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 4

39--45

Western Carpathians are historically the northern range traditional grapevine growing areas since the Middle Ages. The mean anual temperature has increased by about 1.1°C during the last century in Slovakia. Elevated temperature impacted the growing conditions of grapevine. Together with the increased temperatures, higher frequency of drought periods and parameters are evident. Traditional grape producing areas are facing new challenges. Except for the accelerated grapevine phenology, pathogene infection pressure and occurence of pests including new ones, as well as the quality of grapes influencing wine quality, are changing. In order to evaluate the drought impact on the quality parameters of grapes the locality of the Cultivar Testing Station in Dolné Plachtince which belongs to the Central Slovakian grape producing region was chosen. Interanual variability of the drought impact on the grape quality was evaluated according to Palmer drought severity index (PDSI). The 1990-2014 period was used as a basis for evaluation. The period with the phenological phase crucial for the grape quality formation was determined. Two groups of cultivars with different ripening periods were selected. Pinot Gris, Muscat Ottonel Weiss, Müller Thurgau represented the early ripening cultivars (OIV earliness code 4 and 5), whereas Grüner Veltliner, Riesling, Welschriesling represented the late ripening cultivars (OIV code 8 and 9) were used. The cumulative values of PDSI for the crucial periods were calculated. The PDSI values as well as the sugar and acid contents were correlated to find the strength of relation between them. Short drought periods did not influence the grape quality significantly, while long drought periods caused a decrease of the acid content and an increase of the sugar content. Though the tendency was clear, the correlation level was mostly low. The most sensitive period in this sense was July-September; however, it was influenced by the ripening term of individual cultivars. The results suggest the necessity of a thorough approach to cultivar selection, taking into account its vitality and ability to preserve a satisfactory acid content in grapes by the harvest date.