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Properties of developed synthetic lightweight aggregate (composite) based on hydraulic binders and waste

Głodniok Marcin, Korol Jerzy, Zawartka Paweł

Composites Theory and Practice

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2022

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R. 22, nr 4

191--195

EN

Lightweight aggregates developed on the basis of hydraulic binders and mining waste were investigated in the study. Original technology was utilized to obtain the aggregates. The synthetic aggregate materials obtained in the work satisfy the basic requirements for materials used in construction. Granulates were obtained by granulating raw materials with a counter-current high intensity mixer having a nominal capacity of 30 litres. A rotary tube furnace was selected as the most appropriate to sinter the produced granulates. The proces combined two operations: burning the combustible fractions (sewage sludge) responsible for porosity, and sintering (consolidating) the granulate. The sintering process was conducted at the temperature of 950°C in the presence of air. The working reactor tilt was about 2°. Initially the rotational speed for the quick tests was 4.28 rpm, which yielded a granule residence time of about 7.3 minutes in the heating zone (a variant was applied for the tests). The obtained aggregates were subjected to strength testing, and their crushing resistance was determined based on standard PN-EN 13055-1. Depending on the proportions of the individual raw materials, the aggregates are characterised by high crushing resistance from 4.1 to 6.5 MPa, which confirms the potential for their industrial application. These aggregates may be used for purposes such as lightweight building and pavement concrete production due to their relatively low bulk density.

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Testing of the Granulation Process for the Preparation of a Mixture with the Chemical Composition of a Heavy Tungsten Alloy

Goroch Olgierd Janusz, Gulbinowicz Zbigniew, Barcz Katarzyna, Skoczylas Paweł, Kaczorowski Mieczysław

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2020

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Vol. 11, Nr 2 (40)

43--56

EN

The subject of this paper are the results of testing the process of preparation of a granulate made of a mixture of powders with the chemical composition of a heavy tungsten alloy. Different methods of granulation are discussed which reveal how widely they vary in physical and chemical phenomena. It is a testament to how vast the research field of granulation of matter is. The importance and significance of granulation methods were proven with the distinguishing features of the granulated form of the stock materials and products compared to their powdered (dusty) form. Granulation is applied to produce convenient forms of products or intermediates which are acceptable to end users, and to facilitate or even enable the application of products and intermediates in appropriate technologies.

PL

Przedmiotem pracy są wyniki badań procesu przygotowania granulatu wykonanego z mieszaniny proszków o składzie chemicznym wolframowego stopu ciężkiego. Omówione różne sposoby granulacji pokazują wyraźnie jak bardzo odmienne są mechanizmy i zjawiska fizyko-chemiczne jakie występują w poszczególnych przypadkach. Świadczy to o obszerności pola badawczego ogólnie rozumianej granulacji. O jej znaczeniu i ważności świadczą cechy wyróżniające formę granulowaną surowców i produktów w porównaniu z formą proszkową (pylistą). Granulacja jest więc stosowana, aby uzyskać wygodną, akceptowalną przez użytkowników końcową formę produktu bądź półproduktu oraz aby ułatwić, bądź nawet umożliwić ich stosowanie w odpowiednich technologiach.

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Effect of Fertilizer Granulates on Ionic and Weight Relations Among Macronutrients in Spring Rape Seeds

Możdżer Ewa, Jałoszyński Stanisław

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

52--58

EN

The experiment consisted in testing four fertilizer granulates produced from waste in the vegetation experiment. The waste used to produce granulates included: ash from lignite due to its deacidifying properties, industrial sewage sludge and sawdust due to considerable abundance of nutrients for plants. The recipe for the chemical composition of granulates was devised on the basis of chemical properties of the waste. The fertilizer granulates were characterized by fairly high content of calcium and organic carbon, and less of sulfur, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. The contents of heavy metals did not exceed the permissible standards. The test plant was rapeseed of Larissa cultivar. The content of macronutrients was determined in rape seeds. The following ionic relations K:Mg, K:Ca, K:(Ca+Mg), Ca:Mg and weight proportions Ca:P and N:S, were calculated. The research indicated that the applied single doses of fertilizer granulates A, B, C and D significantly expanded the Ca:Mg ion relations, but did not affect the increase in K:Ca, K:(Ca+Mg), N:S and Ca:P in rape seeds compared to the control. Double doses of granulates compared to the single ones resulted in a significant narrowing of the ionic ratio K:Ca and significant extension of Ca:Mg and N:S in the seeds of the test plant. Triple doses of fertilizer granulates significantly reduced the ionic relations K:Ca, K:(Ca+Mg) and N:S, but did not cause changes in the Ca:Mg and Ca:P ratio in rape seeds. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of 4 granulates produced from waste on the formation of the most important ionic ratios and weight proportion of elements in the yields of spring rape seeds.

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Różne możliwości przygotowania paliw z odpadów w formie stałej, uwzględniające ich kształt

Kuczyńska I.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2007

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R. 8, nr 1

15-28

PL

Znaczna część powstających w coraz większych ilościach odpadów może stać się paliwami, po nadaniu im odpowiedniego kształtu i własności. W artykule omówiono różne formy i kształty jakie można nadać odpadom, począwszy od luźno uziarnionych, poprzez granulowane, brykietowane i belowane. Wskazano także urządzenia w których prowadzone są te procesy. Podano również konkretne przykłady odpadów, które - po nadaniu im odpowiedniego kształtu - mogą być wykorzystane jako paliwo alternatywne.

EN

The majority of waste created in constantly growing amounts nowadays could become fuels, provided they are given a proper shape and features. The paper describes various forms and shapes that could be applied to waste, beginning from loosely grained, through granulated, briquetted to baled ones. Additionally, the author indicates devices, that carry out such processes. There also appear numerous examples of waste that having received proper shape, can be further used as an alternative fuel.