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1

Comparison of Different Data Mining Methods to Determine Disease Progression in Dissimilar Groups of Parkinson’s Patients

Przybyszewski Andrzej W., Chudzik Artur, Szlufik Stanisław, Habela Piotr, Koziorowski Dariusz M.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2020

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Vol. 176, nr 2

167--181

EN

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second after Alzheimer’s most popular neurodegenerative disease (ND). Cures for both NDs are currently unavailable. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to predict the results of different PD patients’ treatments in order to find an optimal one. METHODS: We have compared rough sets (RS) and others, in short, machine learning (ML) models to describe and predict disease progression expressed as UPDRS values (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) in three groups of Parkinson’s patients: 23 BMT (Best Medical Treatment) patients on medication; 24 DBS patients on medication and on DBS therapy (Deep Brain Stimulation) after surgery performed during our study; and 15 POP (Postoperative) patients who had had surgery earlier (before the beginning of our research). Every PD patient had three visits approximately every six months. The first visit for DBS patients was before surgery. On the basis of the following condition attributes: disease duration, saccadic eye movement parameters, and neuropsychological tests: PDQ39 (Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire - disease-specific health-related quality-of-life questionnaire), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale tests we have estimated UPDRS changes (as the decision attribute). RESULTS: By means of RS rules obtained for the first visit of BMT/DBS/POP patients, we have predicted UPDRS values in the following year (two visits) with global accuracy of 70% for both BMT visits; 56% for DBS, and 67%, 79% for POP second and third visits. The accuracy obtained by ML models was generally in the same range, but it was calculated separately for different sessions (MedOFF/MedON). We have used RS rules obtained in BMT patients to predict UPDRS of DBS patients; for the first session DBSW1: global accuracy was 64%, for the second DBSW2: 85% and the third DBSW3: 74% but only for DBS patients during stimulation-ON. ML models gave better accuracy for DBSW1/W2 session S1(MedOFF): 88%, but inferior results for session S3 (MedON): 58% and 54%. Both RS and ML could not predict UPDRS in DBS patients during stimulation-OFF visits because of differences in UPDRS. By using RS rules from BMT or DBS patients we could not predict UPDRS of POP group, but with certain limitations (only for MedON), we derived such predictions for the POP group from results of DBS patients by using ML models (60%). SIGNIFICANCE: Thanks to our RS and ML methods, we were able to predict Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression in dissimilar groups of patients with different treatments. It might lead, in the future, to the discovery of universal rules of PD progression and optimise the treatment.

2

Introducing Mass-based Rough Mereology in a Mereological Universe with Relations to Fuzzy Logics and a Generalization of the Łukasiewicz Logical Foundations of Probability

Polkowski Lech

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2019

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Vol. 166, nr 3

227--249

EN

We investigate a model for rough mereology based reasoning in which things in the universe of mereology are endowed with positive masses. We define the mass based rough inclusion and establish its properties. This model does encompass inter alia set theoretical universes of finite sets with masses as cardinalities, probability universes with masses as probabilities of possible events, sets of satisfiable formulas with values of satisfiability, measurable bounded sets in Euclidean n -spaces with n -dimensional volume as mass, in particular complete Boolean algebras of regular open or closed sets – the playground for spatial reasoning and geographic information systems. We define a mass-based rough mereological theory (in short mRM-theory). We demonstrate affinities of the mass-based rough mereological mRM-theory with classical many-valued (‘fuzzy’) logics of Łukasiewicz, Gödel and Goguen and we generalize the theses of logical foundations of probability as given by Łukasiewicz. We give an abstract version of the Bayes theorem which does extend the classical Bayes theorem as well as the proposed by Łukasiewicz logical version of the Bayes formula. We also establish an abstract form of the betweenness relation which has proved itself important in problems of data analysis and behavioral robotics. We address as well the problem of granulation of knowledge in decision systems by pointing to the most general set of conditions a thing has to satisfy in order to be included into a formally defined granule of knowledge, the notion instrumental in our approach to data analysis. We address the problem of applications by pointing to our work on intelligent robotics in which the mass interpreted as the relative area of a planar region is basic for definition of a rough inclusion on regular open/closed regions as well as in definition of the notion of betweenness crucial for a strategy for navigating teams of robots.

3

An Uncertainty Measure Based on Lower and Upper Approximations for Generalized Rough set Models

Wang Zhaohao, Yue Huifang, Deng Jianping

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2019

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Vol. 166, nr 3

273--296

EN

Uncertainty measures are an important tool for analyzing data. There is the uncertainty of a rough set caused by its boundary region in rough set models. Thus the uncertainty measurement issue is also an important topic for rough set theory. Shannon entropy has been introduced into rough set theory. However, there are relatively few studies on the uncertainty measure in generalized rough set models. We know that the boundary region of a rough set is closely related to the upper and lower approximations in rough set models. In this paper, from the viewpoint of the upper and lower approximations, we propose new uncertainty measures, the upper rough entropy and the lower rough entropy, in generalized rough set models. Then we focus on the investigations of the upper rough entropy, and give the concepts of the upper joint entropy, the upper conditional entropy and the mutual information with respect to a general binary relation. Some important properties of these measures are obtained. The connections among these measures are given. Furthermore, comparing with the existing uncertainty measures, the upper rough entropy has high distinguishing degree. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed entropy is better effective than some existing measures.

4

Granularity dependency of forecast accuracy in semiconductor industry

Ott H., C., Heilmayer S., Sng C. S. Y.

Research in Logistics & Production

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2013

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Vol. 3, No. 1

49--58

EN

Accurate demand forecasting is critical in the semiconductor industry due to high production costs, long lead times, and high market volatility. To remain competitive, companies strive for accurate forecasts to drive their planning cycles and meet customer demand. Although an organisation may not be able to control the accuracy of forecast received due to externalities, they can define the granularity which is most suited to the purpose of the forecasting. Infineon Technologies uses different product granularities for the sales and marketing forecast, for the operational demand forecast and for the monthly volume rolling forecast (VRFC). The latter is the subject of this work. This paper presents the impact of forecast granularity for the VRFC on the accuracy of the plan and checks the dependency of this forecast accuracy on time over the entire planning horizon. Sources of inaccuracies were also identified through discussion with the company experts. The results of this study indicate that granularities and time do have significant impact over the plan accuracy.

5

The effect of thermal modification of ash wood on granularity and homogeneity of sawdust in the sawing process on a sash gang saw prw 15-M in view of its technological usefulness

Dzurenda L., Orlowski K. A.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2011

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vol. 54, nr 186

27-37

EN

This paper presents the results of granulometric analyses of sawdust of unmodified and thermally- modified ash wood (Fraxinus exelsior L.) sawed on a narrow-kerf sash gang saw. The sawdust of dry thermally-modified ash produced in the sawing process on a frame sawing machine PRW15-M at a feed speed in the range of 0.36-1.67 mźmin-1 has chip granularity ranging from 33.5 micro m to 9.9 mm; whereas unmodified ash wood sawdust consists of chips in a granularity range from 35.6 micro m to 13.8 mm. It was observed that thermally-modified ash sawdust is finer, with a distinctly larger share of the fraction in the granularity range a = 125-500 micro m and a slightly increased share of the fraction in the range a = 32-125 ěm. Changes in mechanical characteristics of modified wood were also observed in the technological usefulness of a part of dry sawdust chip in the granularity range a = 250 micro m-2.4 mm. While the homogenous share of chips in sawdust produced in the process of sawing of dry ash wood was HSCha = 81-84 %, the demonstrated homogenous share of chips in ash sawdust formed in the process of sawing of dry thermally-modified wood was lower by 4-6 %.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki analiz granulometrycznych trocin, drewna jesionowego niemodyfikowanego (Fraxinus exelsior L.) i modyfikowanego termicznie, otrzymanych w procesie przecinania drewna na pilarce ramowej wielopiłowej PRW15-M. Przecinanie drewna prowadzono dla dwu prędkości posuwu 0,36 mźmin-1 oraz 1,67 mźmin-1. Ziarnistość powstających trocin dla drewna jesionowego modyfikowanego termicznie zawierała się w przedziale od 33,5 micro m do 9,9 mm, podczas gdy dla drewna niemodyfikowanego ziarnistość trocin mieściła się w przedziale od 35,6 micro m do 13,8 mm. Stwierdzono, iż trociny otrzymywane z drewna modyfikowanego termicznie są bardziej miałkie, z większym udziałem frakcji o ziarnistości w przedziale a = 125 – 500 micro m, z nieznacznie większym udziałem frakcji z zakresu a = 32 – 125 micro m. Zaobserwowano również, że przydatność technologiczna trocin mieszczących się w zakresie ziarnistości a = 250 micro m – 2.4 mm dla drewna jesionowego niemodyfikowanego termicznie zawiera się w przedziale 81 – 84 %, zaś dla drewna jesionowego modyfikowanego termicznie jest mniejsza o około 4 – 6%.

6

A New Algorithm for Optimal Path Finding in Complex Networks Based on the Quotient Space

Zhang L., He F-g, Zhang Y-p, Zhao S.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2009

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Vol. 93, nr 4

459-469

EN

The optimal path finding problem in weighted edge networks is an old and interesting one in many fields. There were many well-known algorithms to deal with that issue. But they were confronted with the high computational complexity while the network becoming larger. We present a hierarchical quotient space model based algorithm that reduces the computational complexity. The basic idea is the following. The nodes of a given network are partitioned with respect to the weights of their adjacent edges. We construct a variety of coarser versions of the given network with new nodes corresponding to the blocks of partitions at various levels of granularity. They are called the quotient spaces (networks) of the original network. The construction of the (sub-) optimal path is then done incrementally, throughout the hierarchy of quotient networks. Since each version of the network is much simpler than the original one, especially of the coarsest spaces, the computational complexity is reduced. In this paper, we present the basic principles of the algorithm and its experimental comparison to other well-known algorithms.

7

Zagadnienia procesu wentylacji kabiny kombajnu rolniczego

Cieślikowski B.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2005

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R. 9, nr 6

85--90

PL

Niekorzystnym efektem wentylacji wymuszonej jest przenikanie cząstek zapylenia do wnętrza kabiny operatora kombajnu rolniczego. Przeprowadzone obserwacje kształtu cząstek zapylenia konimetrem Zeissa wraz z pomiarami ich wielkości wykazały udział objętościowy frakcji o wymiarach od 5 - 35µm. Stan ten wskazuje na konieczność filtrowania powietrza na wlocie do czerpni o znacznie większej skuteczności niż na obecnie stosowanym filtrze wykonanym z tkaniny syntetycznej. Analiza składu granulometrycznego pyłu odseparowanego z kanałów układu wentylacji nawiewowej kabiny wykazała zróżnicowany rozkład wielkościowy cząstek w stosunku do danych literaturowych dotyczących filtracji zapylenia drogowego.

EN

One of the drawbacks of forced ventilation is the penetration of dust particles to the cabin of a combine-harvester. Studies of the shape of dust particles using the Zeiss-Conimeter, together with size measurements, have revealed the volume share of fraction 5 - 35µm. This indicates the need to provide far more efficient filtration of air supplied to the intake, than it is achieved in the synthetic fibre filter used nowadays. The granularity analysis of the dust separated from the intake ventilation system channels of the cabin, has revealed diversified particle distribution as opposed to reference data available on roadborne dust.

8

Method of testing of reactivity of coke with different grain sizes and its verification under industrial conditions

Niesler M.

Archives of Metallurgy

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2003

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Vol. 48, iss. 1

87-103

EN

This paper contains a description of a new method of coke reactivity testing, which makes it possible to evaluate the degree and intensity of degradation of coke grains with various initial sizes. The results of coke reactivity testing with the use of this method are presented including degrees of mass decrement of coke samples with various initial grain sizes, decrement of average-size grain of tested coke during its gasification and mechanical resistance of coke samples after gasification. based on the test results, the conditions were determined, under which determination with the use of the new method is carried out, as well as coke reactivity evaluation indices were specified. the new testing method has been verified, under Sendzimir Steelworks conditions, as for the possibility of using it to evaluate the impact of coke granularity on the course of the blast-furnace process.

PL

Opisano nową, uzupełniajacą metodę badań reaktywności koksu, umożliwiajacą ocenę stopnia i intensywności degradacji ziaren koksu o różnej wielkości wyjściowej. Przedstawiono wyniki badań reaktywności koksu tą metodą obejmujące stopnie ubytku masy próbek koksu o różnej wyjściowej wielkości ziaren, ubytku średniej wielkości ziarna badanego koksu podczas jego zgazowania oraz wytrzymałości mechanicznej próbek koksu po zgazowaniu. Na podstawie wyników badań określono warunki prowadzenia oznaczeń nową metodą i wskaźniki oceny reaktywności koksu tą metodą. Dokonano weryfikacji nowej metody badań, w warunkach Huty im. T. Sendzimira, pod kątem możliwości jej wykorzystania do oceny wpływu ziarnistości koksu na przebieg procesu wielkopiecowego.

9

Spherulite cristallization in limited area

Panak M.

Scientific Bulletin. Physics / Lodz University of Technology

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2002

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Vol. 22

75-81

EN

The influence of the sample edge on the spherulite crystallization is considered. The granularity and the time of crystallization change if the sample shape changes. All results are obtained using computer simulation program for real input crystallization parameters taken from experiment.

PL

W pracy zbadano wpływ rozmiarów próbki na parametry krystalizacji sferolitycznej. Stwierdzono wzrost czasu krystalizacji i ziarnistości próbki przy zwiększaniu asymetrii próbki. Stawał się on szczególnie szybki przy zbliżaniu się mniejszego rozmiaru próbki (szerokości) do rozmiarów średniego sferolitu. Efekt ten jest odwrotny do efektu obserwowanego w małych obszarach będących fragmentem większej próbki.

10

Relations between spherulite crystallization parameters

Panak M.

Scientific Bulletin. Physics / Lodz University of Technology

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2000

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Vol. 20

79-87

EN

The traditional crystallization parameters growth rate and nucleation rate can be difficult to measure in direct way. They can be calculate instead using formulae, which combine these parameters with the crystallization time and the granularity. These formulae are presented in the paper. They were also verified experimentally and with computer simulation test.

PL

W artykule zbadano powiązania pomiędzy znanymi parametrami krystalizacji sferolitycznej - częstością nukleacji i prędkością wzrostu sferolitów a nowymi parametrami, które są łatwiejsze do precyzyjnego zmierzenia - czasem krystalizacji i ziarnistością. Związki te pozwalają na mierzenie dwóch najdogodniejszych parametrów i obliczenie dwóch pozostałych. Równania wiążące te parametry zostały sprawdzone eksperymentalnie a także w eksperymencie symulacyjnym.