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The effect of chemical and physical properties and particle morphology of granulated ammonium nitrate on the composition of post-explosion gases and detonation velocity of ammonium nitrate fuel oils

Zawadzka-Małota Iwona, Maranda Andrzej

Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne

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2021

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T. 13

157--166

EN

The results of studies of three grades of ammonium nitrate(V): granulated fertiliser grade and granulated porous “Standard” and “Extra” grades, are presented. The chemical and physical properties and particle morphology of the analysed ammonium nitrate grades were studied. The content of hazardous oxides (CO, NOx) in the gases formed in the explosion of ammonium nitrate(V) fuel oils (ANFO) containing ammonium nitrates and 5.7% of oil was determined as was their detonation velocities.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań trzech typów saletry amonowej: granulowanej rolniczej oraz granulowanych porowatych typu „Standard” i „Extra”. Wykonano badania właściwości fizykochemicznych i morfologii ziaren testowanych gatunków saletr amonowych. Przeprowadzono pomiary zawartości szkodliwych tlenków (CO, NOx) w gazach postrzałowych saletroli zawierających ww. saletry amonowe i 5,7% oleju. Wyznaczono prędkości detonacji testowanych saletroli.

2

Investigation on the Effect of Granulometric Features on the Permeability of No-Bake Resin Bonded Sand Cores

Hudák H., Gyarmati G., Varga L.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 2

99--105

EN

Foundry sand is the main element of sand mixtures from which molds or sand cores are made. Due to the continuous development of core making technologies, the selection of the right type of base sand becomes more and more important. The major features of foundry sand are determined by the following factors: chemical and mineralogical composition, sand grain size, grain size distribution, sand grain shape, and surface quality. The main goal of our research was to develop a qualification method that can be used to predict the characteristics of sand cores made from different sand types. Samples made from different types of foundry sand were used during the research whose properties were examined with a new qualification system, and then its connection with the gas permeability of sand cores was analyzed. Based on the research results, a strong correlation could be established between the suggested quality indicators: CQi (Core Quality Index), CG (Coefficient of Granulometry), and permeability.

3

Zmiana kształtu ziarn produktu mielenia wybranych surowców mineralnych w młynie kulowym

Olejnik T. P.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2013

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Nr 3

216--218

PL

W pracy omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące analizy kształtu ziarn produktu mielenia w oparciu o metodologię Zingga. Do badań użyto analizatora pracującego w zakresie fal podczerwonych. Określono procentowe udziały ziarn, przyjmując jako kryterium kształt cząstki. Analizy przeprowadzono dla zbiorów ziarn pobieranych z młyna, co 60, 90, 120 oraz 150 minut. Rozdrabnianie realizowano dla trzech surowców mineralnych: granitu, kwarcytu oraz szarogłazu. Zmianę udziałów procentowych ziarn, zakwaliﬁkowanych do poszczególnych klas, omówiono kierując się morfologią ziarn nadawy.

EN

Particle shape analysis based on the Zingg methodology is discussed in the paper. An analyzer operating in the infrared spectrum was used in research. The grain percentage fraction taken as a criterion for particle shape was determined. Analyses were performed for sets of particles taken from the mill after 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. Grinding was carried out for three types of raw minerals: granite, quartzite and greywacke. A change of grain percentage fractions corresponding to each class was discussed based on the feed morphology.

4

Grinding kinetics of granite considering morphology and physical properties of grains

Olejnik T. P.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2012

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Vol. 48, iss. 1

149-158

EN

The article presents the results of studies on the kinetics of grinding of granite taking into consideration the morphology and mechanical properties of particular size fractions of the feed. The study was conducted in a mill on a semi-technical scale. Milling was carried out periodically using several sets of grinding media. The output fraction of the ground material was of size 3-5 mm. The granulometric analysis of the raw material was carried out in a multiple manner. The granulometric composition of milling product was analyzed every 30 minutes. Simultaneously, ground material was subjected to an analysis of the shape of grains and microscopic analysis of morphology and chemical composition. Strength tests of grains were performed applying selected fractions of particle size ranges. The change of particle breakage rate function Si, for selected particles size ranges, was described with the Austin-Gardner expression. The influence of destructive force on kinetics of grinding was defined.

5

Analysis of the breakage rate function for selected process parameters in quartzite milling

Olejnik T. P.

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 33, nr 1

117-129

EN

The paper presents the results of studies on quartzite milling in a ball mill. The milling was conducted in a batch system, for diversified compositions of balls. The milling product was subjected to granulometrical, morphological and strength analyses. On the basis of the developed Reid's theory and using the Austin-Gardner equation, a form of the function circumscribing the specific rate of comminution of selected size fractions was determined. The values of the breakage rate function bi, for the mill's apparatus conditions were determined. The impact was investigated for a variable number of grinding media contact points on the values of specific rate S and the values of the breakage rate function bij. Furthermore, the values of coefficients occurring in the equations circumscribing the specific rate of milling S and breakage parameter bij were determined.