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Etos pracy w Polsce przed zmianą ustrojową

Adamkiewicz M.

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

2010

T. 5, nr 1

9--23

The article shows ethos of work in People's Poland. At that time reconstruction of agriculture and heavy industry were perceived as a background of the socialist economy. It was said that consequently the common prosperity would increase. Whereas export practice in the area of agriculture (especially breeding) and industry were based on a wasteful exploitation of natural resources. As a result of incompetent practice in the area of economy, which was based on Marxist theory, the whole system of production fell down and ethos of work was degraded. This article shows: trends of reconstruction of ethos of work, unsuccessful reconstruction of planned economy, a change in a lifestyle based on work, the psychological and social interpretation of work environment, errors in organization of work based on Marxist theory.

Socjalizm rynkowy czy gospodarka planowana - porównanie modelowych ujęć w teoriach Oskara Langego i Jana Drewnowskiego

Drabińska D.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

1999

R. 44, nr 1

65--76

The aim of this study is to compare the research methodology cotained in two works of eminent Polish economists - Oskar Lange and Jan Drewnowski. The area under study focuses of the theory of planned economy, and especially two key works in this field - Oskar Lange's "O ekonomicznej teorii socjalizmu" [On the economic theory of socialism] published in Cambridge in the years 1936-37, and Jan Drewnowski's Habilitationsschrift "Próba ogólnej teorii gospodarki planowej" [An attempt at a general theory of planned economy] published in the years 1937-1938, in the journal "Ekonomista". Both theories are characterized by a high degree of abstraction, logical coherence and clarity of the conclusions. However, they differ greatly in their methodology. Both employ the analytical methods of the neo-classical school. Oskar Lange's model bases on the methodology of the Lausanne school as contained in the model of general equilibrium of Léon Walras. This model specifies the set of prices at which an economy reaches equilibrium. It is a certain methodological fiction, and one of its basic assumptions is the stability of data or the variables that affect the basic economic magnitudes. The data include the consumers' preferences, the resources and qualifications of the labour force, the state of technology, the socio-economic system etc. Oskar Lange's model placed the central planner in a position of being responsible for effecting such a set of prices that would ensure the economy's highest efficiency, at a given level of resources and methods of production. The Central Planning Office was in this model supposed to replace the function of the market with regard to information and motivation towards rational decision-making. The aim of the model was to provide a theoretical basis for the efficiency of the socialist economy in the field of ensuring welfare. Jan Drewnowski's model was also based on the methodology of the Lausanne School but it focused on the preference theory of Vilfred Pareto. Jan Drewnowski analyzed the functions of preferences of different economic entities, and additionally introduced the notion of the functions of possibilities, i.e. restrictions stemming from institutional barriers, which were reflected in the legal regulations specific for different socio-economic systems. Socio-economic system was one of the data adopted in research on the state of economic equilibrium. Jan Drewnowski tried to show that changes relating to that datum could shape new preferences and possibility functions in the economy. The aim of Jan Drewnowski's model was to show the essential differences between socio-economic systems.