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1

Ocena zawartości wybranych sacharydów w półtwardych serach dojrzewających dostępnych na polskim rynku

Szymańska Karolina, Baniewska Magdalena, Śliwiński Mariusz, Małkowska-Kowalczyk Monika

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2023

|

T. 77, nr 10

34--40

PL

W ciągu ostatnich lat obserwuje się rosnący popyt na produkty mleczne bez laktozy. Poza produktami bezlaktozowymi otrzymywanymi z wykorzystaniem hydrolizy enzymatycznej, możemy wymienić produkty mleczne charakteryzujące się stosunkowo niskim stężeniem laktozy lub jej brakiem na skutek zastosowania technologii ich wytwarzania, jak na przykład podpuszczkowe sery dojrzewające. W latach 2014-2019 produkcja serów dojrzewających w Polsce wzrosła o 24%. Podczas ich produkcji większość laktozy jest oddzielana wraz z serwatką, a pozostała ilość ulega fermentacji do kwasu mlekowego. Celem pracy było określenie stężenia laktozy, glukozy i galaktozy w serach podpuszczkowych dojrzewających. Badaniom poddano 30 komercyjnych serów dojrzewających wyprodukowanych z mleka krowiego, należących do trzech typów: holenderskie, szwajcarsko-holenderskie i szwajcarskie. Część badanych serów posiadała oznaczenie „bez laktozy” (zawartość laktozy < 0,01 g/100 g). Na podstawie wynikow przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, że testowane sery dojrzewające posiadające i nie posiadające oznakowania „bez laktozy” nie zawierają laktozy (< 0,01 g/100 g). Ponadto wykazano, że badane sery nie zawierają glukozy i galaktozy (< 0,05 g/100 g), z wyjątkiem dwóch próbek serów w zawierających niewielkie ilości galaktozy.

EN

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for lactosefree dairy products. In addition to lactose-free products obtained using enzymatic hydrolysis, there are dairy products characterized by a relatively low concentration of lactose or its absence due to the technology of their production, such as ripened rennet cheeses. In the years 2014-2019, the production of ripened cheeses in Poland increased by 24%. During their production, most of the lactose is separated along with the whey, and the remaining amount is fermented into lactic acid. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of lactose, glucose and galactose in ripened rennet cheeses. Thirty samples of commercial ripened cheeses made of cow’s milk, belonging to three types: Dutch, Swiss-Dutch and Swiss, were tested. Some of the tested cheeses were labeled as “lactose-free” (lactose content < 0,01 g/100 g). Based on the research, it can be concluded that the tested ripened cheeses with and without the „lactose-free” label do not contain lactose (< 0,01 g/100 g). In addition, it was shown that the tested cheeses did not contain glucose and galactose (< 0,05 g/100 g), with the exception of two cheese samples containing small amounts of galactose.

2

Applied a non-invasive method to blood glucose monitoring by hand skin image based on gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and artificial neural networks (ANN)

Umar Usman, Syarif Syafruddin, Nurtanio Ingrid, Indrabayu

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

|

R. 99, nr 5

1--7

EN

This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For investigation, several invasive images and glucose levels were taken. Types of samples based on age classification, 20-60 years. For accuracy and simple analysis, 37 images of participants as volunteers, samples were evaluated and investigated under the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used for all training and hand texture testing to detect glucose levels. The performance of this model is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r). Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) variance was used in this investigation to determine the accuracy of the method. The results showed that the RMSE was close to the standard value, the regression coefficient was 0.95, and the Clarke EGA analysis: 81.08% was in the A .% zone. So that the blood glucose prediction model using the GLCM-ANN method is feasible to apply.

PL

Niniejsze badanie rozwija nieinwazyjną metodę przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi poprzez przetwarzanie obrazu. W celu zbadania wykonano kilka inwazyjnych obrazów i poziomów glukozy. Rodzaje próbek na podstawie klasyfikacji wiekowej, 20-60 lat. Dla dokładności i prostej analizy, 37 obrazów uczestników jako ochotników, próbki zostały ocenione i zbadane w ramach macierzy współwystępowania poziomu szarości (GLCM). W tym badaniu sztuczna sieć neuronowa (ANN) została wykorzystana do wszystkich testów treningu i tekstury dłoni w celu wykrycia poziomu glukozy. Wydajność tego modelu ocenia się za pomocą błędu średniokwadratowego (RMSE) i współczynnika korelacji (r). W tym badaniu zastosowano analizę wariancji siatki błędów Clarke'a (EGA) w celu określenia dokładności metody. Wyniki pokazały, że RMSE była zbliżona do wartości standardowej, współczynnik regresji wyniósł 0,95, a analiza Clarke EGA: 81,08% znajdowała się w strefie A.%. Aby model przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi przy użyciu metody GLCM-ANN był możliwy do zastosowania.

3

Study, simulation and detection of glucose concentrations through a biochip based on two-dimensional photonic crystals

Bella Mourad, Ghoumazi Mehdi, Slimani Ghania, Benatia Djamel

Optica Applicata

|

2023

|

Vol. 53, nr 4

547--562

EN

A biochip is made from a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide and a rhombus shape that acts as a resonator. This biochip is a sensor that can detect different concentrations of glucose with amounts of 10, 20 and 60% in water. Here, we studied and simulated the concentrations of glucose, which have a refractive index n of 1.3477, 1.3635 and 1.4394, respectively. To identify these quantities, we have proposed a square lattice structure formed by silicon rods with a n = 3.46. With the help of these dielectric rods immersed in the air, it was possible to analyze the detection characteristics. Our results are examined according to COMSOL software by using the PWE method and the finite element method in order to have the PBG and which helped us to create the structure and extract the propagation at resonance, the field norm, the total energy density (TED), the power flow norm (PFN), the transmission and the sensitivity. The concentrations of glucose in water answered yes to the variations for each of the E-field, the TED, the PFN and the sensitivity. These variations are due to the radius r and refractive index n of each concentration used. This structure can help with diabetes self-monitoring.

4

Bioethanol Production from Chlorella Pyrenoidosa by Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation Method

Yerizam Muhammad, Jannah Asyeni Miftahul, Aprianti Nabila

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

34--40

EN

Starch can be found in microalgae, the raw material for the third generation of bioethanol production. One of them is C. pyrenoidosa. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of α-amylase enzyme concentration on the glucose contents produced and the effects of fermentation time on bioethanol contents produced. The hydrolysis process of this study was conducted using an α-amylase enzyme produced by A. niger. Several analyses in this research were carried out, including the analysis of enzyme activity using the Fuwa method, the analysis of glucose levels from enzymatic hydrolysis using the DNS method, and the analysis of bioethanol contents using the density method and GC-MS. The highest glucose content was 0.67 mg/mL, which was obtained from the addition of 40% (v/w) α-amylase enzyme, and the yield of bioethanol content from the sample treated 40% (v/w) α-amylase enzyme and fermented for 9 days was the optimum, which produced 28.07% of bioethanol content.

5

Development of Blood Glucose Monitoring System using Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques

Thomas Angel, Palekar Sangeeta, Kalambe Jayu

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2022

|

Vol. 68, No. 2

323--328

EN

Glucose concentration measurement is essential for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of various medical conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, etc. This paper presents a novel image-processing and machine learning based approach for glucose concentration measurement. Experimentation based on Glucose oxidase - peroxidase (GOD/POD) method has been performed to create the database. Glucose in the sample reacts with the reagent wherein the concentration of glucose is detected using colorimetric principle. Colour intensity thus produced, is proportional to the glucose concentration and varies at different levels. Existing clinical chemistry analyzers use spectrophotometry to estimate the glucose level of the sample. Instead, this developed system uses simplified hardware arrangement and estimates glucose concentration by capturing the image of the sample. After further processing, its Saturation (S) and Luminance (Y) values are extracted from the captured image. Linear regression based machine learning algorithm is used for training the dataset consists of saturation and luminance values of images at different concentration levels. Integration of machine learning provides the benefit of improved accuracy and predictability in determining glucose level. The detection of glucose concentrations in the range of 10–400 mg/dl has been evaluated. The results of the developed system were verified with the currently used spectrophotometry based Trace40 clinical chemistry analyzer. The deviation of the estimated values from the actual values was found to be around 2-3%.

6

Study of the Fermentation Conditions of the Bacillus Cereus Strain ARY73 to Produce Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from Glucose

Yasin Akram R., Al-Mayaly Ithar K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

41--53

EN

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have gained much attention as biodegradable polymers, many efforts are being made to minimize the cost of PHAs by finding cheap carbon source depending on the type of microorganism and fermentation conditions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of different glucose concentrations and other important conditions on the PHA production by Bacillus cereus isolated from soil. Polyhydroxyalkanoates PHAs accumulated by soil microorganisms were examined by screening the isolated bacteria using Sudan B Black and Nile Blue staining process. A Gram positive strain was identified using the 16s rRNA gene, deposited in the NCBI GenBank sequence database. Different growth conditions (favorite glucose concentrations 1-8 % (w/v), temperatures and pH) were tested and the growth parameters (sugar consumption, cell counting and Cell Dry Weight CDW) were studied. The extracted polymers were analyzed and characterized using an FTIR spectrophotometer followed by a GC-MS analysis. The pure bacterial strain isolated from soil was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database B. cereus strain ARY73, which showed significant black colored granules (or dark blue) using Sudan B Black stain, it also showed positive to Nile blue A as a high indicator stain for PHA accumulation. B. cereus ARY73 showed high production of PHA using (w/v): 2% glucose and 1% nitrogen source at 35 °C and pH7 yields 79% per Cell Dry Weight and 96 h of incubation. The extracted polymers were analyzed and characterized using an FTIR spectrophotometer confirming the PHA structure. The FTIR spectrophotometer, followed by a GC-MS analysis indicated the Scl-co-mcl PHA structure. This research demonstrates that the isolated strain B. cereus ARY73 was a good candidate for PHA production with a better quality for use in biomedical and other applications. The use of biopolymer in soil, enhanced the accumulation of the microorganisms (such as bacteria) capable of degrading biopolymer or biodegradation by-products yields by other species which were isolated in this study and demonstrated their efficiency in producing biopolymers.

7

Modeling of insulin secretion and insulin mass balance during hemodialysis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes

Schneditz Daniel, Niemczyk Longin, Niemczyk Stanislaw

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 41, no. 2

391--401

EN

Background: The secretion, distribution, and elimination of insulin in response to a bolus of glucose injected during regular hemodialysis was modeled to quantify the intra-dialytic mass balance of glucose and insulin in patients without (D0) and with type 2 diabetes (D1). Methods: A two-compartment regional blood flow model with shared compartments and dynamics for glucose, insulin and c-peptide was used to identify parameters of insulin and c-peptide co-secretion, first- and second-pass hepatic insulin extraction, as well as insulin-independent and insulin-dependent glucose utilization. Experimental data from a previous study obtained in 21 D0 and 14 D1 were used to identify kinetic model parameters and the fractions of glucose and insulin removed by dialysis. Results: Modeled gains for insulin secretion (ß1 = 0.015 vs. 0.084 L/min, ß2 = 0.004 vs. 0.666 L) were lower in D1, resulting in a lower total insulin secretion (Mi = 6.40 vs. 38.0 nmol). Hepatic insulin extraction was high (Eihep = 0.558 vs. 0.638) and only slightly smaller in D1. The fraction of insulin removed by dialysis (Fid = 0.07 vs. 0.05) was small and comparable between D1 and D0. Modeled gains for insulin-dependent glucose uptake (γ = 0.38 vs. 1.34 L2/nmol/min) were lower whereas those for insulin-independent glucose uptake (λ = 0.14 vs. 0.067 L/min) were higher in D1. The fraction of glucose removed by dialysis (Fgd = 0.31 vs. 0.28) was higher in D1. Conclusion: Apart from expected differences in modeled secretion and glucose utilization in patients with and without diabetes an intravenous bolus of glucose causes only small differences in overall glucose and insulin balance during a typical hemodialysis treatment.

8

Efektywność enzymatycznej konwersji biomasy sorgo i konopi do glukozy

Wawro Aleksandra, Batog Jolanta, Gieparda Weronika

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 12

1731--1734

PL

Biomasę sorgo (Sucrosorgo 506) i konopi (Tygra) rozdrobniono w młynie nożowym, a następnie przeprowadzono chemiczną obróbkę wstępną przy użyciu wodorotlenku sodu. Na podstawie oznaczeń aktywności celulolitycznej i ksylanolitycznej do badań wytypowano preparaty enzymatyczne Flashzyme Plus 200 i Celluclast 1.5 L. Wykonano testy enzymatyczne i metodą Millera oznaczono ilość uwolnionych cukrów redukujących. Następnie dokonano wyboru kompleksu enzymatycznego dla procesu SHF (separate hydrolysis and fermentation). Metodą płaszczyzny odpowiedzi, na podstawie ilości uwolnionej glukozy, ustalono parametry hydrolizy enzymatycznej. Zastosowanie kompleksu enzymatycznego o składzie Flashzyme Plus 200, ksylanaza i glukozydaza zapewniło efektywną konwersję biomasy zarówno sorgo, jak i konopi do glukozy.

EN

The biomass of sorghum (Sucrosorgo 506) and hemp (Tygra) were ground on a knife mill, then chem. pretreated with NaOH, tested for cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity and hydrolyzed with enzyme prepns. Flashzyme Plus 200 and Celluclast 1.5 L. The amt. of released reducing sugars was detd. by the Miller method. The enzyme complex was then selected for the separate hydrolysis and fermentation process. The enzymatic hydrolysis parameters were detd. by the response plane method, on the basis of the amt. of released glucose. The use of an enzyme complex composed of Flashzyme Plus 200, xylanase and glucosidase resulted in effective conversion of both sorghum and hemp biomass. The glucose contents were 60 g/L (sorghum) and 37 g/L (hemp).

9

Alkaline Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Waste Papers to Fermentable Sugar

Ojewumi M. E., Obielue B. I., Emetere M. E., Awolu O. O., Ojewumi E. O.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 1

211--217

EN

Waste paper is known to be the major component of organic solid waste. In this research, waste paper was used as a feedstock for the production of fermentable sugar with the aid of two (2) microorganisms. The waste papers used included newspaper, office paper and foolscap paper. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out on the waste papers after the alkaline treatment using Aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at different temperatures of 25°C, 37°C and 42°C. The highest yield was obtained from the foolscap paper, which produced reducing sugar at a maximum concentration of 486.66 mg/L after two weeks using Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 37°C. On the other hand, hydrolysing using Aspergillus niger, produced reducing sugar at a maximum concentration of 365 mg/L at an optimum temperature of 25°C with office paper.

10

The effect of whole-body cryotherapy on the lipid profile and blood glucose concentration in older women

Misiorek A., Kulis A., Głodzik J., Wrześniewski K., Marchewka A.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2018

|

Vol. 24, nr 2

90--98

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the level of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and glucose in older women with spondyloarthrosis, who underwent whole-body cryotherapy treatments. The experimental group, which comprised 69 older women between 65 and 70 years of age, was randomly divided into three sub-groups. Each subgroup was exposed to different physiotherapeutic procedure for two weeks: cryotherapy, kinesiotherapy, and cryotherapy combined with kinesiotherapy. The control group comprised 25 women who did not get any therapeutic intervention. The level of total cholesterol, LDL fraction, HDL fraction, triglycerides, and glucose was assessed for each group. No significant changes in any of the studied parameters of fat fractions were observed. In women exposed to both cryotherapy and kinesiotherapy, the level of fasting glycemia decreased significantly. Applying whole-body cryotherapy to older women with spondyloarthrosis does not cause changes in the level of cholesterol and triglycerides, but may cause changes in the level of glucose.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena zmian poziomu cholesterolu całkowitego, frakcji HDL i LDL, trójglicerydów i glukozy u starszych kobiet ze zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi kręgosłupa lędźwiowego, poddanych krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej. Grupa badanych złożona z 69 kobiet pomiędzy 65 a 70 rokiem życia, została losowo podzielona na trzy grupy, z których każda poddana została innemu rodzajowi terapii: krioterapii, krioterapii połączonej z kinezy-terapią, tylko kinezyterapii. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 25 kobiet, niepoddanych żadnej interwencji terapeutycznej. Poziomy cholesterolu całkowitego, LDL, HDL, trójglicerydów i glukozy na czczo zostały oznaczone w każdej grupie. Badane wskaźniki frakcji tłuszczowych nie uległy istotnym zmianom w żadnej z grup. U kobiet poddanych zarówno krioterapii, jak i kinezyterapii poziom glikemii na czczo znacząco się obniżył. Zastosowanie krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej nie wpływa na stężenie cholesterolu i trójglicerydów u starszych kobiet, lecz może wywołać zmiany poziomu glukozy.

11

Biomasa - źródło cennych związków organicznych

Retajczyk J., Wróblewska A.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2017

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[Z] 71, 3-4

241--262

EN

So far, much attention was paid to processes which allow to obtain biofuels from biomass and less important was receiving from biomass valuable chemical compounds. Biomass is a source of a variety of compounds, such as: hydrocarbons, triglycerides, glycerol, hydroksymetylofurfural, cellulose, hemicellulose and pentoses, lignin and lignocellulose. Taking into account the application of the mentioned above compounds, a large number of articles describing catalytic conversion of biomass to valuable chemical compounds has been written during last 10 years. The articles presented specific types of reactions for compounds contained in biomass, such as: hydrolysis, hydrogenation or isomerization, which allow to obtain valuable products. The reactions are catalyzed among others by: metals deposited on the activated carbon, metal oxides, alloys and zeolites. Researchers still improve processes, adapting them to the structure of highly functionalized particles contained in biomass and process needs. At the same time, scientist focused on cost reduction. Renewable raw materials are converted to the intermediates in physical, chemical and physicochemical processes. Next, obtained intermediates are used for receiving valuable chemicals, such as: lubricants, solvents and products that were previously obtained from petroleum. This work presents the conversion of biomass to compounds which have been already prepared by conventional synthetic methods. Besides chemical pure compounds, catalytic reactions with using metals, lead to obtain mixtures of compounds which can be used for the large volume production: additives for paper, paints, resins, foams, surfactants, lubricants and plasticizers. In the chemical industry for many years it has been placed emphasis on processes that are environmentally friendly. Scientists have also focused on improving the activity of used catalysts and the selectivity of products.

12

Kamienie milowe w chemii klinicznej

Klimasz K., Tomasik P. J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2016

|

[Z] 70, 1-2

81--94

EN

Clinical chemistry is the science on the border of the two disciplines: medicine and chemistry. It is defined as the application of the chemistry in the study of biological samples in order to diagnose, treat, cure diseases as well as in monitoring and prognosis [1]. Development of clinical chemistry is dated on the 19th century. Biuret test, and a method for detection of sugar in the urine were then described, also blood gases were extracted [13, 17]. In the mid of 19th century blood could be analyzed for the presence of potassium, sodium, phosphorus and calcium [31]. In the second half of 19th century Duboscq built first colorimeter. This model was widely adapted in laboratories and was in use till the 20-ties of 20th century [44]. Colorimetry also became the most popular technique in the clinical chemistry. In the 80ties of 19th century was developed a method for estimating the concentration of creatinine and detection of bilirubin [36, 39]. Increasing number of available laboratory tests resulted in the separation laboratory diagnostic as a distinguish branch of science. At the beginning of 20th century has been introduced quantitative analytical methods for determination of ammonia, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, uric acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, and chloride in biological fluids as well as measurements of blood gases. In 1930 was introduced clinical enzymology with the first method for assessing the activity of alkaline phosphatase. In the mid of 20th century in the medical laboratories routinely were measured amylase, lipase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, phosphocreatine kinase, alanine and asparagine aminotransferases [78, 79]. Development of electrical engineering and computing resulted with intensive development of laboratory instruments. First automated spectrophotometer was invented in 1957 (Autoanalyzer, Technicon company). In 1970, Automatic Clinical Analyzer f. Du Pont was able to perform determinations in any configurations not as so far in the series [99].

13

Modelling of the blood sugar level with the use of genetic algorithms

Kamiński M., Kotas R., Marciniak P., Sałata M.

International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science

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2016

|

Vol. 7, nr 3

92--99

EN

This paper presents an example model of human body with particular focus on glucose level modeling designed for type 1 diabetes. The first part of the work describes motivation of the research, necessary simplifications of the model, parameters identification methods and implementation method. The second part is focused on an example examinations based on preliminary database of patients. It contains verification and evaluation of the presented model and plans of future work.

14

Wpływ furfuralu na aktywność enzymu podczas hydrolizy celulozy wyodrębnionej z drewna topoli (Populus sp.)

Zawadzki J., Szadkowska D., Antczak A., Elbe P., Radomski A., Drożdżek M., Zielenkiewicz T., Kłosińska T.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2015

|

T. 94, nr 11

1941-1944

PL

Przeprowadzono hydrolizę enzymatyczną celulozy do glukozy w obecności furfuralu. Celulozę wyodrębniono z drewna topoli. Zbadano wpływ dodatku inhibitora na aktywność celulazy. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzono, że dodatek furfuralu powoduje znaczny spadek wydajności otrzymywanej glukozy.

EN

Poplar wood cellulose was enzymatic hydrolyzed to glucose with cellulase in presence of furfural to study the inhibition of the reaction. The addn. of furfural resulted in a significant decrease in the glucose yield.

15

Identification of irradiated dried fruits using EPR spectroscopy

Guzik G. P., Stachowicz W., Michalik J.

Nukleonika

|

2015

|

Vol. 60, No. 3, part 2

627--631

EN

The dominating carbohydrates in fruits are monosaccharides like fructose, glucose, sorbose and mannose. In dehydrated fruits, concentration of monosaccharides is higher than in fresh fruits resulting in the formation of sugar crystallites. In most of dried fruits, crystalline fructose, and glucose dominate and appear in proportion near to 1:1. Irradiation of dried fruits stimulates radiation chemical processes resulting in the formation of new chemical products and free radicals giving rise to multicomponent EPR signal which can be detected for a long period of time. For that reason, it is used as a marker for the detection of radiation treatment of dried fruits. It has been found that EPR spectra recorded in dried banana, pineapple, papaya, and fig samples resemble the EPR spectrum obtained by computer addition of fructose and glucose spectra taken in proportion 1:1. The decay of radiation induced EPR signals proceeds in dried fruits fast during the first month of observation and becomes much slower and almost negligible after prolonged storage. However, it remains intense enough for EPR detection even one year after processing. The radiation induced EPR signal is easily detected in dried fruits exposed to 0.5 kGy of gamma rays. Thus, the EPR method of the detection of irradiated fruits can be used for the control of dried fruits undergoing quarantine treatment with 200–300 Gy of ionizing radiation.

16

Ciągła biosynteza kwasu cytrynowego z glukozy przez mutanta octanowego Yarrowia lipolytica Wratislavia 1.31

Tomaszewska-Hetman L., Wowczuk J., Cybulski K., Rakicka M., Rywińska A., Rymowicz W.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2015

|

Nr 3

126--127

PL

Celem pracy była ocena parametrów produkcyjnych procesu ciągłej biosyntezy kwasu cytrynowego z glukozy przez drożdże Yarrowia lipolytica Wratislavia 1.31, w zależności od stężenia źródła azotu. Przeprowadzono trzy 700-godzinne hodowle w podłożach zawierających 2, 4 oraz 6 g/L NH4Cl, na podstawie których potwierdzono wpływ stężenia azotu na efektywność ciągłej biosyntezy kwasu cytrynowego z glukozy. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano w procesie z 4 g/L NH4Cl, w którym, w stanie ustalonym, drożdże produkowały 90 g/L kwasu cytrynowego z produktywnością 1,18 gL-1h-1 i szybkością właściwą produkcji 0,045 gg-1h-1.

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the production parameters of continuous citric acid biosynthesis from glucose by Yarrowia lipolytica Wratislavia 1.31 yeast in dependence on the nitrogen source concentration. On the basis of three 700-hr cultivations performed in media containing 2, 4 and 6 g/L NH4Cl, it was confirmed that concentration of nitrogen source influenced the efficiency of continuous biosynthesis of citric acid from glucose. The best results were achieved in the process with 4 g/L NH4Cl where yeast produced 90 g/L of citric acid with the productivity of 1.18 gL-1h-1 and specific production rate of 0.045 gg-1h-1.

17

Modeling of metabolic diseases – a review of selected methods

Świerkosz A.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2015

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Vol. 11, no. 4

205--209

EN

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases caused by malfunction of blood sugar regulatory processes and has been reported as related to 8.3% of adult population, i.e. nearly 400 million people worldwide. This paper provides a review of facts and principles important for understanding the regulation mechanisms and the role of insulin. The author relies on mathematical modeling of these mechanisms and provides few formulas and computer applications dedicated for use in diabetes. The modeling aims to find a correct dose of insulin as a response to a series of measurement results on glucose concentration. In conclusion, the author recommends selected methods for personal self-check of glucose level and stresses on the importance of regularly checking blood-related parameters.

18

Wpływ warunków enzymatycznej hydrolizy surowców lignino-celulozowych na wydajność uzyskiwanej glukozy

Kawa-Rygielska J., Wcisło G., Pietrzak W.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2014

|

T. 93, nr 10

1739-1741

PL

Określono wpływ temperatury hydrolizy oraz doboru preparatów enzymatycznych na ilość glukozy uzyskiwanej z surowców lignino-celulozowych (słoma pszenna i łęty ziemniaczane) po procesie hydrolizy kwasowej rozcieńczonym roztworem H2SO4. Wykazano, że zwiększenie temperatury hydrolizy pozwalało na zwiększenie ilości uzyskiwanej glukozy w przypadku obydwu zastosowanych surowców. Zastosowanie dodatkowych preparatów enzymatycznych w procesie hydrolizy łętów ziemniaczanych (bez oddzielania płynów poreakcyjnych po obróbce wstępnej), również powodowało zwiększenie wydajności glukozy z jednostki masy surowca.

EN

Lignocellulosic raw materials (wheat straw, potato stalks) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis after pretreatment with a dild. acid. The increase in reaction temp. (from 35 to 45°C) resulted in an increase in the glucose yield by 50–60 g/kg. The addn. of supportive enzymes (hemicelulases) resulted also in increasing the sugar yield by 3-15% in comparison to only cellulase-catalyzed hydrolysis.

19

Study on organic radicals giving rise to multicomponent EMR spectra in dried fruits expose to ionizing radiation II. D-Glucose

Guzik G. P., Stachowicz W.

Nukleonika

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2013

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Vol. 58, No. 3

425--428

EN

Crystalline D-glucose extracted from dried resins was irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. The multicomponent EMR spectra of the samples kept at ambient temperature were compared with those heated at 105°C – the temperature close to the melting point of glucose. Normalized EMR spectra recorded with both samples were subtracted, resulting in a differential EMR spectrum. Spectral analysis of all three spectra has been done resulting in the identification of isotropic doublet of doublets assigned to less stable radical derived from parent glucose molecule.

20

Influence of climate change on carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation factors between glucose and α-cellulose of pine wood

Sensuła B., Pazdur A.

Geochronometria

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2013

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Vol. 40, no. 2

145--152

EN

We present the first analysis of the influence of climate change on carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation factors for two saccharides (glucose and α-cellulose ) of pine wood. The conifers grew in the Niepołomice Forest in Poland and the annual rings covered a time span from 1935 to 2000 AD. Glucose samples from acid hydrolysis of α-cellulose were extracted from annual tree rings. The carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation factors between glucose and α-cellulose were not stable over time. The mean value for the carbon isotope fractionation factors between glucose and α-cellulose was greater than unity. The mean value for the oxygen isotope fractionation factors be-tween glucose and α-cellulose was lower than unity. We established, with respect to climate change, the significance of the interannual and intraannual variation in the carbon and oxygen isotope frac-tionation factors between both saccharides. We used moving interval correlation results for May of the previous year through September of the current year using a base length of 48 years. The relation-ship with summer temperature is the main climate signal in the carbon isotope fractionation factor be-tween glucose and α-cellulose. The relationship with autumn sunshine is the main climate signal in the oxygen isotope fractionation factor between glucose and α-cellulose for the tree ring chronology.