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Wyrobiska surowców skalnych w krajobrazie miejskim Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii

Nita Jerzy

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

2019

nr 41 (1)

203--222

Artykuł podejmuje ważną kwestię roli wyrobisk eksploatacyjnych surowców skalnych w krajobrazie obszarów zurbanizowanych. W obszarach tych występuje znaczny deficyt terenów przydatnych do różnych form zagospodarowania. Problem zilustrowano na przykładzie Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii (województwo śląskie). Na podstawie terenowego rozpoznania licznych wyrobisk dokonano analizy i klasyfikacji typologicznych wyrobisk z punktu widzenia ich roli krajobrazowej. Zagospodarowanie wyrobisk powierzchniowych nadal jest problemem otwartym, a ich obecna i docelowa rola w kształtowaniu krajobrazów w układzie przestrzennym konurbacji Górnośląskiej (metropolii GZM) jest bardzo istotna, lecz dotąd mało rozpoznana. Zaprezentowane badania oparto na obserwacjach i pomiarach licznych obiektów (kamieniołomów, piaskowni, glinianek i mniejszych wyrobisk surowców skalnych), analizowanych w dużych skalach przestrzennych. Syntezę wyników przedstawiono kartograficzne w wielu ujęciach. Opracowanie stanowi element naukowej dyskusji nad rolą krajobrazową terenów zdewastowanych przez górnictwo powierzchniowe, które cechuje znaczący potencjał i istotne walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe.

This article deals with the important issue of the role excavations left after the extraction of rock raw materials play in the landscape of urban areas. Such areas suffer from a considerable deficit of land usable for various purposes. This problem is discussed on the basis of the GZM Metropolitan Area (the Silesian Province, Poland). Extensive fieldwork carried out on numerous excavation sites has enabled the author to analyse and to classify them into several types according to their role in the landscape. The reclamation of surface excavations remains an open issue. Undoubtedly, their present and future role in shaping the landscape of the Upper Silesian Conurbation is crucial, but it still remains under-researched. This study is based on the observation and measurement of numerous facilities (quarries, sandpits, clay-pits and smaller excavations of rock raw materials), analysed on a large spatial scale. A synthesis of the results is shown in numerous maps. This study contributes to the scholarly discussion on the role in the landscape of land devastated by surface mining, which possesses considerable potential and is valuable from the perspective of nature and culture.

Differentiation of microbial loop components in small anthropogenic reservoirs

Mieczan T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2014

Vol. 62, nr 2

323--334

The interactions between bacteria and heterotrophic protists are essential for the ecosystem ecology of freshwater. The basic objective of the study was to analyse the seasonal dynamics of changes in particular elements of the microbial loop (bacteria, flagellates and ciliates) in various types of small water bodies. The classification into particular trophic groups of ciliates and the role of the organisms in the functioning of the microbial loop was also analysed. The abundance and biomass of microbial communities has been assessed in eight reservoirs of varied origin (peat pits, clay pits and post-mining reservoirs), in order to test a hypothesis that the microbial communities differed among reservoirs and that differences could be related to fertility of habitats. Fieldwork was done from April to November 2010-2012. From each reservoirs once a month, three samples were collected with a 5-litre planktonic sampler. Samples were taken on two stations: pelagic – located in the deepest part of each reservoirs and littoral. The density and biomass of bacteria and protists significantly differed between the studied reservoirs, with the lowest numbers in the peat pits and clay pits and the highest in the post-mining reservoirs. All of the studied reservoirs were generally dominated by ciliates belonging to the orders Oligotrichida and Scuticociliatida constituted > 30% of the total numbers. In all reservoirs bacterivorous ciliates occurred in the highest numbers, while predators ones in the lowest. Generally, concentrations of nutrients (especially total phosphorus) is not a factor having the strongest effect on the abundance of bacteria and heterotrophic flagellates and the number and strength of correlations between microbial loop components. The relations demonstrated between bacteria and protists point to an important process of matter and energy flow from bacteria to higher trophic levels. In peat pits, relations between bacteria and ciliates were stronger. Only in clay pits and postmining reservoirs the correlation between bacteria and heterotrophic flagellates were found. Consuming much of bacterial productions, protozoa become an important link between bacteria and micrometazoans.