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1

The Main Features of Hydraulic Fill Soils and River Dnieper Alluvial Deposits in the Kyiv Region

Rashchenko Andriy, Dyptan Tatyana, Malyshev Oleg

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2020

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Vol. 30, no. 4

72--89

EN

The features of the tectonic structure together with the geological and geomorphological zoning of Kyiv city are highlighted in the article. Particular attention is paid to the floodplains of the Dnieper River, which were formed by the hydraulic fill method. As a rule, such sites were created for new constructions and were quickly built up with low rise buildings, the bases of which were made using such hydraulic soils. Completed engineering-geological investigations of sites after hydraulic filling and observation of the base deformation over time allowed setting of the basic regularity and rules for construction on such territories. The ongoing development of the city has also covered these territories, where high-rise buildings, shopping malls, and other buildings are actively being built, and the loads from these must be transferred to reliable bases.

2

Bearing capacity of T-cross section piles in sand

Malyshev O.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2017

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No. 26(3)

133--144

EN

This paper describes a series of pile tests in sand. T-cross and square cross section piles were jacking by static vertical load with a vibration. Special tests were carried out to examine the influence of T-cross section pile form on it bearing capacity, and the results of comparison bearing capacity on one cub meter of T-cross and square cross section jacking piles in the same ground conditions are described. The jacking vertical static load, sizes of displacements and compaction zones of a ground around a shaft of the experienced piles were investigated.

PL

W artykule opisano serię testów pali w glebach piaszczystych. Pale o przekroju teowym i kwadratowego były obciążane pionową siłą statyczną z wibracją. W badaniach testowano wpływ formy teowych pali na ich nośność, oraz opisano rezultaty porównania nośności w przeliczeniu na metr sześcienny betonu użytego do wykonania pali przekroju teowym i kwadratowym. Mierzono wartość siły wbijającej, przemieszczenia pala i zagęszczenie gruntu przy trzonie badanych pali.

3

Evaluation of the state of sandy soils on a sinkhole area with the use of noninvasive (MASW) and invasive (SDMT) tests

Szajna W. S.

Engineering Transactions

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2015

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Vol. 63, iss. 1

109--131

EN

The subject of the study is to assess the state of soil in the area of a former shallow underground mining site which presents a potential hazard of sinkholes. Two kinds of tests were performed i.e. noninvasive seismic tests MASW and invasive seismic dilatometer tests SDMT. The test procedures and the used equipment are described in the paper. The MASW tests allowed the detection of shallow and deep seismic anomalies – places with reduced mechanical parameters. Shallow anomalies were subjected to SDMT tests. Stiffness parameters were adopted as a measure of the state of soil. The applied consistent methodology allowed for the assessment of soil stiffness for intermediate and very small strains. It has been shown that the shallow anomalies were not caused by sinkhole processes. The values of stiffness for intermediate and very small strains in the zone above shallow anomalies occurred to be inconsistent, suggesting the influence of cementation or desiccation processes.

4

Deep compaction control of sandy soils

Bałachowski L., Kurek N.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2014

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Vol. 36, nr 2

3--8

EN

Vibroflotation, vibratory compaction, micro-blasting or heavy tamping are typical improvement methods for the cohesionless deposits of high thickness. The complex mechanism of deep soil compaction is related to void ratio decrease with grain rear-rangements, lateral stress increase, prestressing effect of certain number of load cycles, water pressure dissipation, aging and other effects. Calibration chamber based interpretation of CPTU/DMT can be used to take into account vertical and horizontal stress and void ratio effects. Some examples of interpretation of soundings in pre-treated and compacted sands are given. Some acceptance criteria for compaction control are discussed. The improvement factors are analysed including the normalised approach based on the soil behaviour type index.

5

Wpływ następczy osadów ściekowych stosowanych na glebach piaszczystych na właściwości kompleksu sorpcyjnego

Stańczyk-Mazanek E., Piątek M., Kępa U.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 3

2437--2451

EN

Properties of soil sorption complex are thought to be one of the most important elements which affect its fertility and properties of plants. Extended sorption complex is the element which immobilizes and absorbs a variety of soil contaminants. Characteristics of sorption complex are affected by e.g. organic matter, humic relationships which occur during decomposition of organic matter, clay materials, pH, hydrolytic acidity. Soil reaction is regarded to be one of the most important indicators of soil fertility. Soil reaction largely determines its physical, chemical and biological properties. Foundation acidity affects the structure firmness and the related water and air conditions. One of the methods of disposal of sewage sludge, which is based on its fertilizing properties, is its use in nature, e.g. in farming (if all the permissible standards are met). However, the sludge used for soil fertilization might also contain heavy metals which cause soil contamination and are accumulated in plants. The effect of application of organic fertilizers on soil reaction and other properties of sorption complex are also essential. The authors of the present study aimed at analysis of the effect of use of sewage sludge and selected organic fertilizers on changes in sorption properties in the fertilized soils. Sewage sludge was (for comparison purposes) was introduced to sandy soil. One of organic additions was also composted pine bark. The experiment was carried out under conditions of pot experiment. The following doses of organic fertilizers were used: 0, 10, 50, 100 and 200 Mg/ha (maximal reclamation dose according to current recommendations at the time of experiment) which were calculated per pot with 10 kg of sandy soil. After 1, 2 and 3 years from fertilization, changes in active and hydrolytic acidity were analysed in the fertilized foundations. The contents of organic matter, total of alkali in sorption complex S, soil sorption capacity T in fertilized soils was also determined. In summary of the obtained results, one can conclude that the use of organic fertilizers, either manure or sewage sludge, considerably affects properties of sorption complex in fertilized soil. Organic fertilization improved soil properties. The total of exchangeable alkali and sorption complex capacity also increased. However, it was only manure used during the experiment that contributed to a reduction in the acidity of the fertilized soils in each case. It was found that the use of sewage sludge has significant effect on long-term phenomena of soil acidification. These mechanisms are confirmed by the obtained values of hydrolytic acidity.

6

Soil solutin metal species in the profiles of sandy and silty arable soils in industrial area

Smal H., Ligęza S.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2004

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Vol. 11, nr 7

657--664

EN

Species of metals: Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, Zn, Co, Cd and Pb in the soi1 solutions, of two soils developed on sand and two on silt of water origin, located in Upper Silesia are presented in the paper. To estimate the speciation of ions the SOILCHEM chemical equilibrium model was used. The percentage distribution of the given metal species in its total concentration in the solutions was analysed. The model predicted a high percentage share (in more than 50%) of free Mg2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+, much lower of Pb2+ and Cu2+ and no Al3+.In the studied range of soil solution reaction (pH 4.95-7.12) percentage distribution of ions was determined mainly by the share of humus acids complexes, complexes with CO32- (in solutions of higher pH) and SO42- ligands. Thus, it depended on DOC (dissolved organic carbon), HCO3- and SO42- concentrations in the solutions.

PL

Przedstawiono formy specjacyjne metali: Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, Zn, Cu, Cd i Pb w roztworach glebowych w profilach dwóch gleb wytworzonych z piasków oraz dwóch z pyłów wodnego pochodzenia z terenu Górnego Śląska. Specjację badano metodą numeryczną, za pomocą programu chemicznej równowagi jonów w roztworach - SOILCHEM. Analizowano procentową dystrybucję poszczególnych form pierwiastków w stosunku do ich całkowitego stężenia w roztworze glebowym. Model przewiduje duży (> 50%) udział wolnych jonów Mg2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+, znacznie mniejszy Cu2+ i Pb2+ oraz brak Al3+. W badanym zakresie pH roztworów (4,95-7,12) dystrybucja jonów determinowana była przede wszystkim przez udział kompleksów z kwasami próchnicznymi, a także z ligandami CO32- (w roztworach o większym pH) i w mniejszym stopniu z SO42-. Dystrybucja jonów zależała więc głównie od stężenia rozpuszczonego węgla organicznego (DOC) oraz stężenie HCO3- i SO42- w roztworze.