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1
Content available Remarks on the working conditions in the region of Polish Polar Hornsund Station
Winnicki Adam, Wilkowski Bartosz M., Hryciuk Sonia, Tyrpiał Kamil, Żywiec Hubert
Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University
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2021
|
nr 117
37--49
EN
The Polish Polar Station in Hornsund is a scientific base of great importance. In 2020, students of Gdynia Maritime University were able to visit the station and prepare photographic documentation of its surroundings. This article includes historical basics compared with the latest research concerning the flora, fauna, meteorology and studies on the Hansbreen glacier, research programme conducted on the station and climate changes in the Spitsbergen and perspective for the future fate of the Svalbard Archipelago.
2
Content available Constructing the 3D-model of a glacier part on the Galindez Island
Hlotov Volodymyr, Biala Myroslava
Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape
|
2019
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no. 2
55--62
EN
The publication is based on the research carried out at the Ukrainian Polar Station “Academic Vernadsky”, located in the Antarctic region at the Galindez Island. The article establishes relationships between global climate change and changes occurring in the area of Galindez Island based on 3D models of the glacier surface. The article has two parts. The first one reviews software products (AutoCAD, ArcGIS, SketchUp, Digitals) used for three-dimensional surface modeling. We analyze their characteristics, and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each program for the purpose of terrestrial 3D modeling. In the second, experimental part of the research, we present 3D models of the glacier surface constructed using various software products. The result of the research presents the obtained model of Galindez Island including all relevant textures and buildings.
3
Content available Complex geodetic research in Ukrainian Antarctic station "Academician Vernadsky" (years 2002-2005, 2013-2014)
Tretyak K., Hlotov V., Holubinka Y., Marusazh K.
Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics
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2016
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Vol. 100
149--163
EN
In this paper is given an information about complex geodetic research in Ukrainian Antarctic station “Academician Vernadsky”. Research were carried by Lviv polytechnic scientists, during Antarctic expeditions in years 2002 - 2005, 2013, 2014. Main objectives of the studies were: (a) study of the islands glaciers surface volumes changes in Antarctic archipelago and Antarctic Peninsula using terestrial laser scaning and digital terrestrial stereophotogrammetry survey; (b) investigation of Penola strain tectonic fault, using the results of precise GNSS observations.
4
Content available Badania glacjologiczne współczesnych zmian Lodowca Ireny, Svalbard
Sobota I.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
|
2010
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nr 20
143-159
PL
Badania glacjologiczne przeprowadzono na Lodowcu Ireny, o powierzchni 4,1 km2 (2009), zlokalizowanym na Kaffioyrze na północno-zachodnim Spitsbergenie. Obejmowały one zagadnienia topnienia lodowca, zmienności akumulacji śniegu w sezonie wiosennym i letnim oraz zmian bilansu masy, powierzchni i położenia czoła lodowca. Szczegółowo przeanalizowano lata 2008 i 2009. Różniły się one wyraźnie warunkami pogodowymi, zwłaszcza w okresie letnim, co miało istotny wpływ na poszczególne elementy określające wielkość zmian i dynamiki lodowca. W dłuższym przedziale czasowym (2002-2009), lodowiec Ireny charakteryzuje się wyraźnie negatywnymi zmianami, zwłaszcza ujemnym bilansem masy, jak również cofaniem się czoła i zmniej-szaniem powierzchni. Jednakże występują lata, które wyraźnie różnią się od ogólnego negatywnego kierunku zmian. Przykładowo sytuacja taka miała miejsce w roku 2008.
EN
The glaciological investigations of the Irene Glacier changes, a 4.1 km2 glacier located in NW Spitsbergen, Svalbard, were undertaken. Traditional glaciological mass balance measurements by stake readings and snow surveying have been conducted annually since 2002. In this paper 2008 and 2009 mass balance years were analyzed in details.. Glaciological research of the Irene Glacier refers to the following issues: glacier's melting, changes in the snow accumulation during the spring and summer seasons, and the changes of the area and the position of the glacier’s tongue. The years 2008 and 2009 were distinct in terms of the weather conditions, especially during the summer season. This significantly influenced the individual elements which describe the changes and dynamics of the glacier. Glaciological methods of mass balance estimation involve repeated stake measurements at the glacier surface to determine the rates of ablation and accumulation. These methods involve estimation of local mass balance using ablation poles, supplemented with studies of the snow cover in pits. At the end of the 2008 ablation season snow cover occured on about half of the glacier surface. In 2009 in the same time snow was visible only in the upper part of the accumulation zones of this glacier and at the foot of the mountain slopes. The 2008 winter balance of the Irene Glacier was 55 cm w.e, and 65 cm e.w.in 2009. In the balance year 2009, in spite of the winter snow accumulation higher than the average, the annual net mass balance of the Irene Glacier was definitely negative. In 2008 mean annual mass balance of the Irene Glacier was -38 cm w.e. In 2009 mean annual mass balance of the Irene Glacier was -63 cm w.e. and was very similar to the mean multi-annual value of the annual net mass balance of this glacier. Spatial diversity of mass balance of the Irene Glacier is mainly influenced by weather conditions over a specific part of the glacier and by local morphology. In 2009, the spatial diversity of the net mass balance of the Irene Glacier was mostly influenced by its negative value in the ablation area. The net mass balance in the ablation area of the glacier was up to -250 cm w.e. The zone of the negative net balance covered a larger area if compared to the previous years and especially to the year 2008. Such a situation predominantly resulted from a higher ablation. In 2009 mean annual mass balance of the Irene Glacier was similar to the mean multi-annual value of the net mass balance of this glacier. In the balance year 2009, in spite of the winter snow accumulation, higher than the average, the annual mass balance of the Irene Glacier was definitely negative. This was the result of intensive ablation during the summer season. The negative net mass balance of the Kaffiřyra region glaciers recorded in recent years influences their geometry, especially shrinking the area and lowering the surface, as well as changing their front positions. Between 2000 and 2009, the area of the Irene Glacier decreased by about 3%. In the years 2002-2009 the Irene Glacier showed negative tendencies, especially in its mass balance. Moreover, the retreat of the tongue and the decrease of the glacier’s area were recorded. However, there were also years which differed a lot from the general negative trend of changes. For instance, such a situation was recorded in 2008. It must be stressed that large winter snow accumulation does not necessarily influence the lower negative mass balance. Similarly, intensive melting during the summer season does not necessarily mean significant negative mass balance value. It is connected with the weather conditions in a given year and seasonal balance, as well as with other local conditions of the glacier. As a result, the inter-dependency between climate and mass balance may be slightly distorted. Nevertheless, mass balance of a glacier remains one of the most important indexes of modern climate changes. Glaciological studies of the Irene Glacier pose an important element in the estimation of modern changes in the cryosphere of the Kaffiřyra Region, which is an example of changes in the environment of the NW Spitsbergen.
5
Lodowce i klimat - część 2
Rachlewicz G., Szczuciński W.
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
|
2008
|
R. 13, nr 4
27-32
6
Lodowce i klimat - część 1
Rachlewicz G., Szczuciński W.
LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania
|
2008
|
R. 13, nr 3
20-24
7
Content available www.stacja.arktyka.com
Grześ M., Sobota I.
Landform Analysis
|
2007
|
Vol. 5
153--155
8
Content available The heavy metals in water of select Spitsbergen and Iceland glaciers
Jóźwiak M., Jóźwiak M.
Landform Analysis
|
2007
|
Vol. 5
32--34
9
Content available Subaqual recordings of the changes in the range of glaciers in the Forlandsundet region (NW Spitsbergen)
Grześ M., Król M., Sobota I.
Landform Analysis
|
2007
|
Vol. 5
148--150
10
Content available Snow accumulation on Kaffiøyra glaciers
Sobota I., Grześ M.
Landform Analysis
|
2007
|
Vol. 5
143--145
11
Content available Mass balance monitoring of Kaffiøyra glaciers
Sobota I.
Landform Analysis
|
2007
|
Vol. 5
137--140
12
Content available Glacier distribution and direction in the Arctic : the unusual nature of Svalbard
Evans I. S.
Landform Analysis
|
2007
|
Vol. 5
21--24
13
Content available Monitoring of Hans Glacier movement dynamics (Hornsund Sw Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
Walo J., Puczko D., Adamek A., Węzka K., Malinowski Z., Rajner M.
Reports on Geodesy
|
2006
|
z. 1/76
173-179
EN
Fast and exact GPS measurements are independent from weather and season of the year. For achieving reliable results, survey should be conducted at least once a month and at least twice a month in summer season (June-September). GPS RTK is suggested for pole movement determination. In case of real-time corrections limited availability (i.e. screening by mountains) using Rapid Static is a good choice. To minimize multipath error antenna should be placed at least 0,5m eccentric to pole and at 1 m height. Ablation pole movement vectors of Hans glacier indicate few relations. Most important feature is speed being about 10 times greater in foremost zone of glacier than in lateral parties of glacier. Measurements of lateral profile indicate that, accordingly to expectations, surface speed of glacier is greater in middle axis comparing to the edges or glacier.
14
Content available Wstępna ocena możliwości wykorzystania obrazów satelitarnych aster w monitorowaniu lodowców Svalbardu
Błaszczyk M., Drzewiecki W.
Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji
|
2006
|
Vol. 16
29--39
PL
Celem prezentowanej pracy była ocena możliwości wykorzystania obrazów satelitarnych ASTER do określenia stopnia uszczelinienia powierzchni lodowców Svalbardu. Pierwszy etap badań polegał na określeniu granic lodowców. Przetestowano metody stosowane w tym celu w ramach projektu GLIMS (Global Land Ice Measurement from Space) oraz zaproponowano własne podejście oparte o wykorzystanie obrazu nasycenia uzyskanego na drodze transformacji IHS kompozycji barwnej z kanałów 345. Dla oddzielenia lodowców od obszarów kry lodowej zaproponowano wykorzystanie wybranych miar teksturalnych. Próby wyodrębnienia w granicach wydzielonych wcześniej lodowców obszarów uszczelinionych na drodze klasyfikacji nadzorowanej nie dały zadowalających rezultatów. Ostatnia część przeprowadzonych badań miała na celu przygotowanie obrazu satelitarnego do klasyfikacji obiektowej w programie eCognition poprzez opracowanie uniwersalnych parametrów segmentacji. Uzyskanie satysfakcjonujących rezultatów segmentacji w oparciu o kanały spektralne obrazu ASTER wymagało stosowania dla poszczególnych lodowców różnych parametrów skali, kształtu i zwartości, co znacząco utrudniałoby automatyzację procesu klasyfikacji. Poprawę rezultatów osiągnięto przeprowadzając wstępną segmentację w oparciu o 1 kanał obrazu ASTER, a dokładniejszą w oparciu o obraz tekstury uzyskany w programie MaZda. Otrzymane rezultaty segmentacji pozwalają przypuszczać, iż możliwe będzie przeprowadzenie klasyfikacji obiektowej w programie eCognition, której rezultatem będzie wydzielenie jako osobnej klasy obszarów uszczelinionych.
EN
ASTER images applicability to surface crevassing assessment of tidewater glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard was investigated. In the first phase of research, the glaciers spatial extent determination methods were investigated - spectral bands rationing and Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI). A new method based on saturation image obtained by intensity-hue-saturation transformation of 345 colour composite was tested as well. Image texture parameters were applied to separate ice floats from glaciers. The supervised classification of original spectral bands for crevassed areas identification failed. Better results were achieved using chosen texture images, but still too many other glacier areas (e.g. dark moraines or streams on glacier surface) were classified as crevasses. In the last stage of research, object-oriented image analysis software (eCognition) was used. The parameters for ASTER image segmentation, resulting in determination of crevassed glacier areas as separate image segments, were searched. To achieve such a goal, image segmentation performed using ASTER spectral bands required different scale, shape and compactness factors for individual glaciers. This is because glacier dynamics and morphology differ, causing differences in shapes and extent of crevassed areas. Satisfactory results were achieved after the application of a two-level segmentation procedure: ASTER spectral band 1 segmentation using large scale parameter and than MaZda software computed texture image segmentation with a small-scale factor. The research confirmed the applicability of satellite ASTER images for monitoring the Svalbard glaciers. The spatial extent of the glaciers was determined by simple thresholding of transformed spectral bands and texture images. Furthermore, obtained segmentation results should enable successful application of object oriented image classification in eCognition to mapping of crevassed glacier areas. Such a classification is planned as the next stage of the research.
15
Czynniki kształtujące temperaturę na kontakcie lodowiec - podłoże
Hermanowski P.
Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje
|
2005
|
Vol. 110, nr 42
195-202
PL
Wzajemne relacje pomiędzy czynnikami kształtującymi termikę podłoża lodowców przedstawione zostały w odniesieniu do możliwości powstawania poślizgu bazalnego, w dużej mierze decydującego o prędkości ruchu. Czynniki te są zmienne w zależności od zaistniałych warunków geologicznych i glacjologicznych oraz jednocześnie są ze sobą sprzężone. Elementem wskazującym na zmiany w termice podłoża lądolodu jest obecność warstwy filmu wodnego lub jej brak, a także zmiany jej miąższości. Efektem zmian miąższości filmu wodnego staje się zmiana procentowego udziału czynników kształtujących temperaturę na kontakcie podłoża z lodowcem.
EN
Relations between factors which forms temperature of ice/bed interface has been presented in relation to the possibilities of basal sliding occurring, which decides about movement velocities. Fluctuations of geothermal heat, heat of sliding friction and heat production by the ice deformation correspond to geological and glaciological properties and are coupled by each other. Indicator of changes in the temperature of glacial sole is thin water layer occurring or not and fluctuations of its thickness. This changes make an effect in percentage participation of mentioned factors (geothermal heat, heat of sliding friction and heat production by the ice deformation) forming the temperature of ice/bed interface. Independent parameter is the geothermal heat flux but its significance in case of forming thin water layer dependents on insulation, resulting in a warmer base for rising ice sheet thickness.
16
Content available remote Pioneer oribatid mite communities (Acari, Oribatida) in newly exposed natural (glacier foreland) and anthropogenic (post-industrial dump) habitats
Skubała P., Gulvik M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2005
|
Vol. 53, nr 3
395-407
EN
A new habitat for many inhabitants is created as a result of glacier retreating or spoil-heap construction and these sites provide a unique experimental field for studying primary succession. The general aim of the study was to characterize oribatid fauna established in the first stage of successional process - colonization phase - on new land surfaces, e.g. deglaciated areas and post-industrial dumps. Five microhabitats in the front of two outlets (Nigardsbreen and Austerdalbreen ) of the Jostedal Glacier (SW Norway) and four reclaimed and non-reclaimed post-industrial dumps (Southern Poland) were chosen to study an earliest successional stage. Moderately diverse oribatid fauna was developed on glacier forelands or post-industrial dumps within a few years. Pioneer oribatid communities were not initially similar, especially in species composition. The pool of oribatid species, which were capable of performing the role of colonists, was broad. Fifteen species were found as dominants on nine studied plots. Oppiella nova (Oudemans, 1902) and Lauroppia neerlandica (Oudemans, 1900) were associated with the glacier foreland at Nigardsbreen, whereas Oromurcia bicuspidata Thor 1930 and Trichoribates novus (Sellnick, 1928) were typical of the foreland at Austerdalbreen. Colonizer species appearing within the first years of colonization on the non-reclaimed and reclaimed dumps were also different. Small species of weak sclerotization, representatives of the family Brachychtoniidae (e. g. Sellnickochthonius immaculatus Forsslund, 1942 and Liochthonius piluliferus (Forsslund, 1942) dominated on the non-reclaimed dumps, whereas Ctenobelba obsoleta (C.L. Koch, 1841), Scheloribates laevigatus (C.L. Koch, 1836) and Scutovertex sculptus Michael, 1879, bigger species of strong sclerotization, were the most numerous on the reclaimed dumps. Only Tectocepheus velatus (Michael, 1880) occurred as a dominant at most sites. Parthenogenetic species as well as bisexual successfully invaded glacier foreland and post-industrial dumps. The phenomenon of random colonization in the pioneer stages is well proved on glacier forelands and dumps. However, the process is possibly non-random and depends on the characteristics of an individual species. Although oribatids are known as slow colonizers of new habitats, they were the most numerous group of mites at some sites on glacier forelands and on reclaimed dumps. It is well evidenced that the reclamation measures carried out on post-industrial dumps introduces an element of randomness in the succession of oribatid fauna.
17
Content available Cofanie się czół lodowych Zachodniego i Wschodniego Lodowca Torella (SW Spitsbergen)
Řehak J. sen., Řehak J. jun., Řehak S.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
|
2004
|
nr 14
87-94
EN
When documentary work was carried out on the Vestre and Austre Torellbreen, an extremely strong recession of ice cliffs of both glaciers was observed. In order to obtain more detailed picture of the observed retreat over the period 2001, 2002 and 2003, GPS measures of the ice cliffs location and the location of glacier fronts were taken. Then the obtained results were compared to previous maps (Fig. 1). The ice cliff of the AustreTorellreen retreated by 3190m from the year 1936 till 2003. The fastest recession of this ice cliff was noted over the last three years; the average rate of the retreat reached 166m/year. The ice cliff of the Vestre Torellreen retreated by 3163m from the year 1936. The maximum speed of the recession of this cliff was also noted in the last three years and reached 68m/year. The sides of both glaciers which are located on the shore tend to have lower rate of recession, i.e. 40-50m/year. The retreat of glaciers is mainly attributed to the observed global warming but in the case of the Vestre and Austre Torellbreen which empty for the sea, it is the increase in sea surface temperature that plays the main role. The annual temperature of the coastal waters between Bellsund and Hornsund, that is in waters adjacent to both glaciers increased by 2°C over the period from 1996 and 2002. Such significant warming in the sea water together with the prolonged period without sea ice cover result in advanced undercutting of ice cliffs by waves and an increased role of calving in the negative mass balance of glaciers. The retreat of the ice cliff of the Vestre Torellbreen, which is partially sheltered against waves by a recently formed spur, has a rate half lower.
18
Content available Аналіз технологічної схеми визначення кількісних параметрів острівних льодовиків за результатами цифрового стереофотограмметричного энймання
Dorozhynskyy O., Glotov V.
Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji
|
2004
|
Vol. 15
35--39
EN
Analyses of digital phototheodolite method o f researches of island glaciers in region of Ukrainian antarctic station of Vernadskyy is pesented in the paper. Apriory calculation of accuracy of determination of surface values of glaciers is shown. The conclusions about accuracy increasing of the method o f vertical network are made on its example. Results o f researches arc given.
19
Content available Związki bilansu masy lodowców w rejonie Kongsfjordu (NW Spitsbergen) z pokrywą lodową mórz Grenlandzkiego i Barentsa
Styszyńska A.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
|
2002
|
nr 12
133-146
EN
The sea ice cover of the Greenland and Barents seas is characterised by great seasonal and interannual changeability which has influence on radiation and heat balance of that region. This changeability is directly observed in changes in atmospheric circulation and further noted in changes in meteorological elements (mainly in air temperature, cloudiness, precipitation and wind). Changes in weather conditions determine both the value of losses of glacier masses in a given balance year and the value of ice masses accumulation. This article tries to find the answer to a question if and to what extent the variability of the extent and rate of the Barents and Greenland seas ice formation is directly reflected in changeability of glaciers masses balance in the region of Spitsbergen. This research was based on the mass balance of two small glaciers located in the region of Kongsfjord, i.e. Austre Brogger and Midre Lovén. The mean monthly values of sea ice cover observed in the Greenland and Barents seas in the period 1972-1994 were used in this research (the values calculated on the basis of 1-week values of these seas ice cover taken from NCDC - Asheville). The values of winter, summer and net balances of the said glaciers were drawn from article by Lefauconnier et al. (1999). In addition, the correlation was examined between the balance Austre Brogger and Midre Lovén glaciers and the changeability of atmospheric circulation described by Niedźwiedź ?circulation types? (2001). The research made use of standard statistical analysis (correlation and regression analysis). Statistically significant correlations have been noted between the values of winter balances of both examined glaciers and the size of ice cover of the Barents and Greenland seas at the initial stage of its formation - in November (r ~ -0.55÷0.64, adj. R2 ~ 0.30÷0.35). The result of analysis of multiple regression indicated that the strongest correlation with ice cover of the Greenland Sea occurs in September, whereas in the Barents Sea in December (R ~ 0.70÷0.83). Changes in sea ice cover observed in that time explain 44% and 65% of changeability in winter balance of Austre Brogger and Midre Lovén glaciers, respectively. These results suggest that the process of heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere may by very intensive when the sea is merely covered with ice in the areas on the way of main directions of air mass advection. This will provide favourable condition for clear domination of sea air masses resulting in the increase in air temperature (Styszyńska 2000) and precipitation in the region of NW Spitsbergen. The summer balance of the examined glaciers is influenced by the changes in ice conditions only to a small extent. The only significant correlation with sea ice condition of the Greenland Sea was noted in August. Lack of the discussed correlation in summer is attributed to the influence of insolation and radiation factors whose importance increase during the polar day (as indicated in research by Lefauconnier et al. (1999)).
20
Content available Metamorfoza pokrywy śnieżnej w rejonie południowego Spitsbergenu w sezonie 1992/1993
Leszkiewicz J., Głowacki P.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
|
2001
|
nr 11
41-54
EN
Winter snow cover in south Spitsbergen is modelled by three main factors: snow precipitation, strong winds which blow out large amounts of snow (locally snow deposition occurs) and winter thaws of short duration. Slight snow melting during thaws causes development of ice-crust layers in a frozen snow cover. The ice-crust protects snow cover from blowing out. Moreover, ice-crust layers are very important in the investigations of snow stratigraphy. In the winter snow cover of 1992/1993, eight layers of ice-crust were observed. The occurrence of atmospheric precipitation is highly associated with the type of atmospheric circulation in the area of south Spitsbergen. In the analysis of statistic relations between circulation and precipitation, circulation typology of Niedźwiedź (1997) was applied. In the period June 1992 - May 1993, as many as 74% of annual solid precipitation was associated with the occurrence of three types of circulation (C-10, C-8 and C-3). The circulations C-4, C-6 and C-1 gave only 4% of annual precipitation. The winter season 1992/1993 is connected with typical meteorological conditions that occur in the south part of Spitsbergen. In the area of Polish Polar Station, four phases of development and degradation of snow cover were distinguished: - intensive blowing out of snow (October - January), - small increase of snow cover thickness (February - March), - considerable increase of snow cover thickness (March - May), - thaws (May, 25th - June, 28th). The thickness of snow cover depended on the altitude and local conditions. Considerable differences were determined in snow thickness at two sites located in small distance from each other (500 m), both close to the seacoast (Fig. 1). Water equivalent of the snow cover at Polish Polar Station (8 m a.s.l.) at the end of winter was only 150 mm, whereas at Fugle site (5 m a.s.l.) it was 2.5 times higher (378 mm). These values were much higher on the glaciers; Hans Glacier in the ELA zone (300 m a.s.l.) - 276 mm and in the accumulation zone (450 m a.s.l.) - 1459 mm; Amundsenisen Plateau (700 m a.s.l.) - 1293 mm.
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