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Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Germination and Initial Growth of Selected Lawn Grass Species in Soil Polluted with PAHs

Gawryluk Adam, Krzyszczak Jaromir

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

175--186

EN

Grasses are often used to recultivate areas contaminated during shale gas extraction. This is due to the fact that they adapt very well to unfavorable soil conditions such as: high pH, salinity, water deficit or the presence of harmful substances. Additionally, the grass root system releases enzymes into the soil that increase the activity of microorganisms and bacteria that decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are the main component of drilling waste. In turn, assessment of initial growth and development (germination tests) is a cheap and quick method to assess the sensitivity of the tested plants to pollutants. Young plants are more susceptible to harmful substances. The study aimed to determine the effect of drilling waste, containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the initial growth and development of selected grass species, with a specific focus on germination energy and capacity, as young plants are more sensitive to harmful substances compared to older plants. Among the tested species, Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra showed the highest energy and germination ability, while Poa pratensis showed the lowest. The experiment showed that of the tested grass species, Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra were the least sensitive to the effects of PAHs, with the smallest reductions in root length and seedling height observed in these species. Additionally, the highest concentration of PAHs was found in soil seeded with Lolium perenne, while the lowest was found in soil seeded with Poa pratensis.

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Effects of Different Biostimulants on Seed Germination of Sorghum Plants

Kalymbetov Gani Yeskermesovich, Kedelbayev Bakhytzhan Shilmyrzaevich, Yelemanova Zhanar Rakhmanberdievna, Sapargaliyeva Bayan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

134--142

EN

By creating highly productive phytobiomes, selection of new types of biostimulants on the basis of organic substances and microorganism has a decisive role. It could be done by taking into account natural and climatic peculiarities of the region. The article described the importance of sugar sorghum and substantiates the introduction of an adaptive variety to increase the productivity of fodder sorghum and the best option of using growth biostimulants. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of growth biostimulants under laboratory conditions on the main nutritional valuable traits were presented. The treatment of optimal parameters of sugar sorghum seeds with biostimulants in the Research laboratory "Industrial biotechnology" of M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University was determined. It was shown that the "Azotofertil" biostimulator has a high efficiency in pre-sowing seed treatment. For comparative evaluation of potentialities of new biostimulant, MERS biostimulant adapted to climatic conditions was chosen. According to research results, both biostimulants showed high efficiency for seed pre-sowing treatment. The best concentration for treatment of planting material was established. Energy of germination, swelling and the number of germination of seeds of sugar sorghum variety Kazakhstan-16 were determined. In evaluating the activity of biostimulants for efficiency, the dynamics of their friendly germination was traced. At 4% concentration and temperature above 14 °C, the advantage of "Azotofertil" biostimulator based on Azotobacter chroococcum strain was proven. Seeds of sugar sorghum variety Kazakhstan-16 showed the best results with 96 ± 3% germination.

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Formation of Seed Quality of Switch-Grass (Panicum virgatum L.) Depending on Cultivation Conditions and Varietal Peculiarities

Dryha Viktoriia, Doronin Volodymyr, Sinchenko Viktor, Kravchenko Yuliia, Mandrovskya Svitlana, Borivskyi Anatolii, Karpuk Lesia, Mykolaiko Valerii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

15--20

EN

The results of the research concerning the formation of seed quality depending on the cultivation conditions and varietal peculiarities were presented in the paper. Analyzing seed quality in the years under study, it was found out that germination energy and seed emergence depended both on ripeness groups of switch-grass and the sum of effective temperatures in the vegetation period. The highest quality indicators were typical for an early cultivar (Dacotah), an early-ripening cultivar (Forestburg) and average-ripening cultivars (Nebraska, Sunburst); a reliable difference depending on varietal peculiarities was not recorded. Varietal samples of average-late ripening cultivars (Alamo, Cave-in-rock) had reliably lower quality indicators, and a very-late ripening cultivar Kanlow had the lowest ones. In the conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine average-late, late and very late varietal samples do not ripen biologically which affects seed quality – its emergence is very low and amounts to 6–26%. By the years under study, the highest reliable germination energy and emergence of all varietal samples, particularly in a late ripeness group, were recorded in the vegetation year of 2018, and they amounted to 33–66% and 17–25%, respectively, which was predetermined by the sum of effective temperatures – over 3539 °С. Much lower indicators of seed quality were received in 2021, this year was the least favorable for the formation of high-quality seed, and the sum of effective temperatures was only 3080 °С. The conclusion can be made that in the period of vegetation the formation of quality seeds of switch-grass depended on the sum of effective temperatures which was lower than 3300 °С. It has been established that the later a ripeness group is, the larger sum of effective temperatures a varietal sample requires, and accordingly, a longer term for the occurrence of phonological phases of crop growth and development; this has an effect on the peculiarities of the seed formation and ripening and in turn on its quality. It was found out that the factor "the conditions of the year" had the highest effect on seed quality – 48%, and the factor "varietal sample – ripeness group" had the lowest one, namely 29% and 30%, respectively.

4

Wpływ wilgotności ziarniaków i nacisku pionowego na ich energię i zdolność kiełkowania

Nadulski R., Kusińska E., Guz T., Kobus Z.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2012

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R. 16, nr 2, t. 2

221-229

PL

W trakcie składowania ziarna zbóż napór wyżej położonych warstw powoduje odkształcenie ziarniaków i może przyczyniać się do spadku ich zdolności kiełkowania. Celem pracy była ocena zdolności i energii kiełkowania ziarniaków pięciu gatunków zbóż o różnej wilgotności przechowywanych w warunkach symulujących obciążenia panujące w wielogabarytowych silosach. Masę ziarnową obciążano przez 7 dni w specjalnie zaprojektowanych stalowych pojemnikach stosując nacisk pionowy o wartościach: 35, 52,5 i 70 kN. Następnie, po odciążeniu, ziarniaki poddawano ocenie energii kiełkowania i zdolności kiełkowania zgodnie z Polską Normą. Stwierdzono, że energia i zdolność kiełkowania ziarniaków zależy istotnie od wartości nacisku pionowego i ich wilgotności. Wykazano, że w większości przypadków ziarniaki poddane obciążeniu nie nadają się na materiał siewny z powodu zbyt małej zdolności kiełkowania.

EN

During storing seeds of grains, pressure of higher layers causes deformation of caryopses and may influence decrease of their germination ability. The purpose of the work was to evaluate germination ability and energy of caryopses of five grain varieties of different moisture stored in conditions simulating loads occurring in large-seized silos Seed mass was being loaded for 7 days in specially designed steel containers applying a vertical load of the following values: 35, 52.5 and 70 kN. Then, after disloading, caryopses were subjected to evaluation of germination energy and ability according to the Polish Standard. It was determined that germination energy and ability depends significantly on the value of vertical load and their moisture. It was proved that in most cases caryopses, which were subjected to load are not good enough for a sowable material because of too low germination ability.