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The polish proposal for environmental protection

Kozłowski R. H., Kozłowska E., LL.M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2012

Vol. 55, nr 1

121--128

Purpose: The article presents the type of environment-related problem, and discusses the development of the concept of the sustainable development from the perspective of the international law. Over the past two hundred years, the mankind has exploited more than 50 percent of all natural resources, including energy minerals. The twenty-first century will be, out of necessity the period of intensive development of energy based on renewable resources. The protection of the environment is a global issue which requires to be specially safeguarded by the international law. Design/methodology/approach: The average geothermic gradient for the Earth's crust (30°C/1km) can give us 10-20 MWe as a result (electrical energy) from one deep borehole heat exchanger. The value of electrical energy may be increased by introduction of a binary system with low-boiling medium into the energy system. Findings: Geothermic power plant of high capacity characterized by the fact that the steam superheater section, which is traditional in a conventional power plants, is replaced by the system of heat exchanger in the form of u-tubes with a single length ranging from 1000 meters to up to several thousand meters, initially placed in a metal casing with a transition to the rock layers of high temperature. Research limitations/implications: From the hot rock mass we can collect renewable resources of ,,dry” ascending energy from the paleo heat flow coming from the great nuclear furnace - the magma. Practical implications: The subject invention is the use of geothermic energy using a closed water cycle in heat exchangers, made of high-temperature creep resisting steam superheater steel tubes or titanium pipes. Thermal energy of water vapour, which is obtained in this way, is transformed into mechanical energy in the turbine, powering the generator. Originality/value: The role of a condenser can be fulfilled by a cascade system of thermal energy utilization (heat engineering, production of drinking water through desalination process, horticultural greenhouses, recreation, water pools, balneotherapy, heating sport fields, runways at airports and other transportation hubs).

Geothermic Power Plants of high capacity - how far?

Kozłowski R. H.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2011

Vol. 49, nr 2

573--576

Purpose: Over the past two hundred years, the mankind has exploited more than 50 percent of all natural resources, including energy minerals. The twenty-first century will be, out of necessity the period of intensive development of energy based on renewable resources. Design/methodology/approach: The average geothermic gradient for the Earth's crust (30°C/1km) can give us 10-20 MWe as a result (electrical energy) from one deep borehole heat exchanger. The value of electrical energy may be increased by introduction of a binary system with low-boiling medium into the energy system. Findings: Geothermic power plant of high capacity characterized by the fact that the steam superheater section, which is traditional in a conventional power plants, is replaced by the system of heat exchanger in the form of u-tubes with a single length ranging from 1000 meters to up to several thousand meters, initially placed in a metal casing with a transition to the rock layers of high temperature. Research limitations/implications: From the hot rock mass we can collect renewable resources of ,,dry” ascending energy from the paleo heat flow coming from the great nuclear furnace - the magma. Practical implications: The subject invention is the use of geothermic energy using a closed water cycle in heat exchangers, made of high-temperature creep resisting steam superheater steel tubes or titanium pipes. Thermal energy of water vapour, which is obtained in this way, is transformed into mechanical energy in the turbine, powering the generator. Originality/value: The role of a condenser can be fulfilled by a cascade system of thermal energy utilization( heat engineering, production of drinking water through desalination process, horticultural greenhouses, recreation, water pools, balneotherapy, heating sport fields, runways at airports and other transportation hubs.