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Relief and deposits of erosional-denudational valleys in the Carpathian Foothill region – the Wiśnicz Foothill

Michno Anna, Maciejczyk Karolina

Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica

2019/2020

Vol. 53/54

113--136

The paper discusses variances in the relief of erosional-denudational valleys that are scattered across the woodland areas of the threshold of the Carpathian foothill region – in the Wiśnicz Foothills. Relief in the study area was characterized via geomorphological mapping and analyses of cartographic materials such as a LIDAR DEM. The paper also discusses valley types and valley morphometry along with the diversity of morphogenetic processes occurring in the study area. Deposits forming the floors of the studied valleys were also characterized through the use of 12 geologic drilling sites. The resulting data included the deposit grain size range and degree of deposit sorting. In the section on the analysis of present-day relief and relief evolution, the research focuses on the joint action of landslides and fluvial erosion. The following sequence of valley types is discussed for the main valleys presented in the study: denudational trough or gully, active V-shaped valley, V-shaped valley with a flat accumulation floor – found near the mouth of the watercourse. Active V-shaped valleys are characterized by the presence of short but numerous valley sections featuring predominant downcutting erosion or small, local accumulation zones. In this case, the presence of these sections is determined by the intensity of landslides on hill slopes in the studied valley, influx of material from tributary valleys, erosional capacity of local streams, and the presence of woody or rock steps in stream channels. The characteristics of deposits composing valley floors, described in the present study, indicate large differences in deposition process energy and short-distance transport of mineral-type material in stream channels. Research has shown significant complexity of regional factors and local factors affecting the evolution of small erosional-denudational valleys in forested areas in the southern part of the Wiśnicz Foothills. The location of the study area in the Silesian unit overthrust associated with the presence of a visible morphologic threshold, the middle foothills threshold, leads to significant, local differences in elevation, high degree of hill slope fragmentation, high activity of morphogenetic processes, and also affects the impact of these processes on deposits forming the floor of the studied valley.