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On the signifcance of requisite criteria in detecting pre earthquake ionospheric precursors: a case study of the Tohoku earthquake of March 11, 2011

Chukwuma Victor U., Adekoya Bolarinwa J., Thomas Jewel E., Emah Joseph B., Oloruntola Racheal F.

Acta Geophysica

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2021

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Vol. 69, no. 4

1545--1566

EN

In the advent of the Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.1 occurred at 14:46 LT on March 11, 2011), the Japan Meteorological Agency issued earthquake early warning announcements to the general public; however, there were problems with the precision of the early warning systems. This early warning systems issue, and the scale of consequential loss of human, material and technological resources of the Tohoku earthquake and those of about 57 earthquakes with magnitude M ≥ 7.5 from August 2008 to August 2018 around the world compel a need for investigation for detection of some signals before the earthquake that should be examined and interpreted as a precursor by examining the changes in the ionospheric phenomena. In this light, discrimination of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies of seismic origin from those of other drivers is essential for understanding, justifcation and physical interpretation of the earthquake precursors phenomena. Presently using a set of criteria that adequately diferentiates pre-earthquake anomaly of seismic origin from those of other sources, this study has shown concordant results with the existing studies namely that foF2 data obtained from 8 Chinese and Japanese stations revealed signifcant enhancements 2–6 days before the Tohoku earthquake and that the anomalies extended to 2774 km from the epicentre, thereby underscoring the necessity of requisite criteria in detecting pre-earthquake ionospheric precursors. Furthermore, the study suggests that the anomalous variations observed during periods of earthquake preparation are of seismo-magnetosphere origin.

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First Measurements of the Earth’s Electric Field at the Arctowski Antarctic Station, King George Island, by the New Polish Atmospheric Electricity Observation Network

Kubicki M., Odzimek A., Neska M., Berliński J., Michnowski S.

Acta Geophysica

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2016

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Vol. 64, no. 6

2630--2649

EN

Atmospheric electricity measurements are performed all over the globe for getting a better understanding of the processes and phenomena operating in the Earth’s electric atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere. Over recent years, we have established coordinated observations of atmospheric electricity, mainly of the vertical component of the Earth’s atmospheric electric field, from Polish observation stations: Stanisław Kalinowski Geophysical Observatory in Świder, Poland, Stanisław Siedlecki Polar Station in Hornsund, Svalbard, Norway, and, for the first time, the Henryk Arctowski Antarctic Station in King George Island. The organisation of this network is presented here as well as a preliminary summary of geophysical conditions at Arctowski, important from the point of view of atmospheric electricity observations. In particular, we refer to the geomagnetic observations made at Arctowski station in 1978-1995. We also present the average fair-weather diurnal variation of the atmospheric electric field based on observations made so far between 2013 and 2015.

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Conversion Energy from the Movement of the Solar System Through Universal Pressure: Reflections in Seismic Events and Global Temperatures

Persinger M. A.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 17, iss. 1

78--86

EN

The velocity (~242 km•s-1) of the Solar System around the galactic center within the universal pressure (~10-10 Pascal) produces energies within the earth’s volume that is equivalent to that released by the sum of all earthquakes per unit time. The available energy within the earth and solar volume from the expected spatial variations of this pressure along this perimeter, which requires about 250 million years to traverse, can accommodate the increased geomagnetic activity from the expanding solar corona over the last approximately 100 years as well as the increase in global warming. Inferences of a varying structure of space that may explain the periodicity and range in solar cycles as well as anomalous minimums (such as the Maunder phenomenon) suggest a central galactic singularity with spatial ripples exhibiting peak-to-peak troughs that approximate the earth’s circumference and frequencies in the order of 7 to 8 Hz. The precise velocity-universal pressure flux density may also explain the millilux-range magnitude of the earth’s night (air) glow. These results and the application of these concepts indicate that origins of seismicity, slow drifts in the intensity of geomagnetic activity, and global warming (and cooling) trends are products of differential interactions with quantitative fluctuations in sub-matter space and that the subtle variations encountered as the Solar System moves along this 1021 m perimeter may be more significant than previously assumed.

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Cosmic factors influence on the inter-annual variations of the green 557.7 Nm line and red 630.0 Nm line nightglow intensities and their possible coupling with cloud covering at Abastumani (41.75°N, 42.82°E)

Todua M., Didebulidze G.G.

Acta Geophysica

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2014

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Vol. 62, no. 2

381--399

EN

We studied the inter-annual distributions of the nightglow intensities of the thermosphere atomic oxygen red 630.0 nm and green 557.7 nm lines observed from Abastumani during cloudless nights, the planetary geomagnetic Ap index, solar F10.7, and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) flux. It is demonstrated that: on magnetically weakly disturbed/ quiet conditions (Ap < 12) in equinoctial months the red line intensities are minimal, while those of the green line are maximal; the red line intensity increases in May–July and is comparatively low in June, where, unlike most mid-latitude regions, the green line intensity is maximal. The red and green line intensities increase with growing solar activity but their behaviors stay the same, which is considered as a possible regional manifestation of lower and upper atmosphere vertical coupling. It was also detected that, for cloudless nights in June, the number of magnetically disturbed day-nights is maximal and the decrease of the GCRs flux is the biggest during a year.