Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Osiemdziesiąt lat Oddziału Świętokrzyskiego Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego w służbie polskiej geologii : osiągnięcia w geologii stosowanej

Szczepanik Zbigniew, Białecka Katarzyna, Giełżecka-Mądry Dorota, Kos Marcin, Wieczorek Dariusz, Złonkiewicz Zbigniew

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2021

|

Vol. 69, nr 3

185--196

EN

This article presents the achievements of the employees of the Holy Cross Mts. Branch of the Polish Geological Institute in the field of applied geology: geological cartography, geology of natural resources and hydrogeology. The area of the Holy Cross Mts. is located in central Poland and for hundreds of years was the main source of metal ores and rock raw materials for the Polish state. Investigating the possibility of using these minerals and raw materials in the modern economy was the reason for establishing the Polish Geological Institute in Kielce. Shortly before World War II, a department of the Institute was established in Kielce for a detailed geological study of this interesting area, where the full profile of the Phanerozoic deposits is present, from the oldest Cambrian to Quaternary. The basic work performed by geologists in Kielce was the preparation of geological maps. During the 80 years of the Institute's activity in Kielce, geological maps on various scales were made, ranging from 1:300,000 to 1:50,000. Currently, detailed mapping at the 1:50,000 and 1: 25,000 scales are being prepared. The search for deposits of iron, copper and other metals, conducted by the Kielce Institute, did not lead unfortunately to discovery of economically useful deposits. On the other hand, large deposits of rock building materials have been identified and documented and are currently exploited mainly for road construction. The region of the Holy Cross Mountains and their vicinity is unique in comparison to other regions of Poland because the entire population and economy are supplied with water from underground sources. Taking care of resources and adequate water quality is the main goal of the hydrogeologists employed at the Holy Cross department of the Polish Geological Institute. They organized and supervise a network that controls the water level and its quality, the impact of quarry activities on the groundwater levels, and prepare various types of hydrogeological maps.

2

Morska kartografia geologiczna w historii badań Oddziału Geologii Morza Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego

Kramarska Regina

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2020

|

Vol. 68, nr 5

387--402

EN

The article is an overview of 50 years of Marine Geology Branch (MBG) activity in the field of geological cartography in Polish maritime areas. As a result of successive recognition of the geological structure of the Cenozoic, sheets of the Geological Map of the Baltic Sea Bottom at a scale of1 : 200,000 had been published by 1994, followed by a geological map without Quaternary deposits. The summary of the stage of over 25 years of intense research was the Geological Atlas of the Southern Baltic. The achievements of the Marine Geology Branch also include geochemical atlases, geo-environmental maps, and coastal zone maps created on the basis of detailed mapping works. The successively expanded geological database enables the creation of many map products for the needs of specific users. Various studies related to marine geological cartography, and extensive national and international cooperation have significantly contributed to the development of the scientific staff of the Marine Geology Branch.

3

Ewolucja głównych kierunków działania PIG w latach 1919-2019

Wołkowicz Stanisław

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 3

139--145

EN

Over the course of 100 years the main goals set for the Polish Geological Institute were subject to important changes depending on knowledge of the geological structure of the country, current demand for mineral raw materials and the economic system of the state. The first period comprised the years 1919-1952. It was characterized by the increased emphasis on geological cartography as well as basic research and regional studies. Its main effects included compilation of a geological map of Poland at the scale of1:300,000 and discoveries of new mineral deposits (hematite-pyrite deposit at Rudki, phosphorites at Rachów, bituminous coal in the Lviv-Volhyn coal basin, present-day Ukraine, and the Izbica-Klodawa salt dome. The second period comprising the years 1953-1989 was a time of an immense geological work. During that period priority was given to prospecting and exploration of mineral resources at any price. This resulted in an impressive discovery of mineral deposits, such as: native sulfur, copper and silver, sedimentary and igneous iron ores, bituminous coal, lignite, oil and gas fields, as well as potassium salt, barite, fluorite, magnesite and Cu-W-Mo ores. An effect of political changes in 1989 was a change of concept regarding prospecting and exploration of mineral resources. The state resigned from development and documentation of resources, leaving this task to private companies and investors. This launched a new third period that has continued to this day. During this time, data collection and processing, and their availability to a broad range of recipients have had a fundamental role. This is consistent with the concept of building an information society. Major new lines of activity of the Polish Geological Institute include protection of the environment, especially a soil-water environment that is the traditional domain of geologists, monitoring of groundwater, soil and bottom sediments as well as solid waste management. Geological education and protection of the geological and mining heritage have also assumed a vital importance.

4

Lithological maps visualizing the achievements of geological sciences in the first half of the 19th century

Szaniawska L.

Polish Cartographical Review

|

2018

|

Vol. 50, No. 2

87--109

EN

The paper discusses selected maps of rock strata which exemplify the evolution stages of presentation methods of cartographic data concerning the geological structure of selected countries (France, Great Britain and Germany) which in the first half of the nineteenth century constituted the leaders of the field. The results of geologists’ work are used to present the content of maps, provide explanations and showcase the methods and techniques chosen by the maps’ creators. The analysed maps are accompanied by geological writings which contain descriptions of the chronological order within rock formations and strata defined on the basis of fossils, methods of recreating the geological history of individual regions, and attempts of compiling the acquired knowledge and using it to describe larger areas. The author discusses also two maps of Europe published in the mid-nineteenth century, which are the result of cooperation and research achievements of geologists from different countries.

5

Geological content on maps and in accompanying texts developed until the end of the 18th century

Szaniawska L.

Polish Cartographical Review

|

2017

|

Vol. 49, No. 2

79--91

EN

For many centuries on general geographical maps and early maritime maps geological information was rarely included. The map of the Wadi Hammamat valley, the Borgia world map, the Catalan world map and Carta de nauigar per le Isole nouamente... portolan chart were indicated as examples. Places where minerals occurred were presented mainly using textual descriptions. Among Renaissance maps and later maps published before the second half of the 18th century, the map of the Kingdom of Bavaria by Philipp Apian and the map of the Duchy of Świdnica in Silesia by Johann Wieland and Matthaus Schubart were discussed as examples. Distribution of raw materials and places of their extraction were shown using simple geometric signs with graphic characteristics for a given period. Mineralogical maps published in the second half of the 18th century were described based on the example of maps by Jean-Étienne Guettard and Johann Jirasek. Their content was compared with the texts accompanying them, developed under patronage of the contemporary scientific institutions and relevant methods of geological information presentation were described. From the late Renaissance symbols signifying extraction sites of raw materials had simplified and rather random shapes which indicates ‘unhurried’ development of cartographic methods on geological maps.

6

Rozwój kartografii geologicznej na Górnym Śląsku w świetle wybranych map historycznych - od Leopolda von Bucha do Stanisława Doktorowicza-Hrebnickiego

Wołkowicz S., Graniczny M., Wołkowicz K., Urban H., Kowalski Z., Zdanowski A.

Przegląd Górniczy

|

2015

|

T. 71, nr 3

107--118

PL

Pierwszą, bardzo ogólnikową, mapę geologiczną Górnego Śląska opracował von Buch (1797/1802), natomiast Schulze z Eisleben (1816) opracował przekrój geologiczny od Hulczyna do Bytomia i jako pierwszy wprowadza podział stratygraficzny, wyróżniając m.in. Steinkohlengebirge. Staszic (1815) na swojej mapie odnotowuje na tym obszarze obecność charbon de terre. Za pierwszą nowoczesną mapę Górnego Śląska należy uznać mapę Oeynhausena (1822), która zawiera 18 wydzieleń o charakterze litologiczno-stratygraficzym. W dalszej kolejności na uwagę zasługują mapy Puscha (1836) oraz Carnalla (1844). Za największe dokonanie XIX wieku w kartografii geologicznej Górnego Śląska należy uznać 12-arkuszowy atlas opracowany pod kierunkiem Roemera (1870) wraz z dwutomowym tekstem opisującym geologię tego obszaru. Kolejnym opracowaniem tej rangi było dzieło Michaela (1913), również obficie ilustrowane mapami. Z autorów polskich II. połowy XIX w. należy odnotować mapy opracowane przez Hempla (1857), Łempickiego i Gatowskiego (1891), Zaręcznego (1894) i Wójcika (1909). W niepodległej Polsce pierwszą mapę opisywanego obszaru opracował Przesmycki (1923). W okresie międzywojennym znakomitym znawcą geologii Polskiego Zagłębia Węglowego był Saryusz-Makowski, którego rękopiśmienny dorobek został zniszczony w czasie działań wojennych w 1939 r. W latach 20. XX w. rozpoczął swoje prace Doktorowicz-Hrebnicki, który badał obszar Górnego Śląska przez około 50 lat, a jego mapa Arkusz Grodziec (1934) staje się wzorcowym opracowaniem kartograficznym obowiązującym przez wiele lat.

EN

First, very general geological map of Upper Silesia was elaborated by von Buch (1797/1802). On the other hand Schulze from Eisleben (1816) prepared geological cross-section from Hulczyn to Bytom, where he introduced first stratigraphic division, distinguishing among others Steinkohlengebirge. Staszic (1815) noticed on his map the presence of charbon de terre in this area. Oeynhausen map (1822) should be regarded the first modern geological map of the Upper Silesia, as containing 18 lithological-stratigraphical divisions. Further attention should be paid to maps of Pusch (1836) and Carnall (1844). Next important work was greatest achievement of geological cartography of the Upper Silesia in XIX century is the 12-sheet Atlas developed under the direction of Roemer (1870) together with two-volume text, describing the geology of this area. Next important work was done by Michael (1912) which was also profusely illustrated with maps. Among the Polish authors of the second half of XIX century, maps elaborated by Hempel (1857), Łempicki and Gatowski (1891), Zaręczny (1894) and Wójcik (1909) should be noted. In the independent Poland, the first map of this area was compiled by Przesmycki (1923). Between the World Wars, an excellent expert in the Polish Coal Basin was Saryusz-Makowski whose manuscripts, documentations and maps were destroyed during the war in 1939. In the 20´s of XX century, Doktorowicz-Hrebnicki started his researchers. He has studied the area of Upper Silesia for almost 50 years. His map Grodziec (1934) has become the standard of geological cartography art for many years.

7

Geological cartography in Poland in the 19th century

Wołkowicz S., Wołkowicz K.

Geological Quarterly

|

2014

|

Vol. 58, No. 3

623--658

EN

The history of modern geological mapping in Poland began with the Carta Geologica totius Poloniae, Moldaviae, Transylvaniae, Hungariae et Valachiae by S. Staszic, often called the “father of Polish geology”. Before Staszic, a general map of Poland had been published by J.-E. Guettard (1764a); ones of the Sudety Mts. by J. Jirasek (1791), L. von Buch (1797), and Raumer (1813); and that of the Tatra Mts. by Hacquet (1796). In times of the partition of Poland (1772 to 1918), areas annexed by Prussia were covered by systematic geological surveys. These cartographic projects resulted in the compilation of two geological atlases comprising maps of the standard sheet type, in the period from 1826 to 1836. These atlases were compiled by teams of outstanding geologists, under the leadership of L. von Buch and F. Hoffmann. Another outstanding contribution to the geology of Poland was made by G.G. Pusch, the author of the excellent Geognostische Beschreibung von Polen (1833–1836), subsequently supplemented by Geognostyscher Atlas von Polen. One of the greatest achievements of L. Zejszner was the geological map of the Tatra Mts., Carte de la chaine du Tatra, published anonymously in Berlin in 1844, and a series of geological maps prepared as drafts of Geognostic maps of the Eastern District of the Polish Kingdom. Special attention should be also paid to two extensive studies which covered areas of Upper and Lower Silesia. The first of these, Geognostische Karte von Oberschlesien und den Angrenzenden Gebieten, was completed by a team led by F. Roemer, and published in 1870. The second, Geologische Karte von dem Niederschlesischen Gebirge und den angrezenden gegenden, was compiled by a team led by R. von Carnall, and published in the same year. Out of all the studies carried out by Austrian geologists, it is necessary to mention those of E. Tietze, as they produced excellent geological maps of the Carpathians and vicinities of Kraków and Lviv. It is also worth mentioning the contributions made by the Physiographic Commission, active from 1866 until the beginning of the First World War. Its members decided to prepare the Geological Atlas of Galicia. The final product of works of this commission was a set of 25 booklets, with over a hundred geological maps at a scale 1:75000, issued in the years 1885–1912. From 1881, the commission was also publishing its famous Physiographic Diaries, which include papers on the geology of areas annexed by Russia, written by famous Polish geologists such as J. Siemiradzki, A. Michalski, and E. Habdank-Dunikowski, illustrated with relevant geological maps prepared by them.

8

Postępy badań geologicznych na Górnym Śląsku w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego

Skoczylas J.

Przegląd Górniczy

|

2012

|

T. 68, nr 2

60-69

PL

Z perspektywy około 90 lat przedstawiono próbę scharakteryzowania badań geologicznych w okresie międzywojennym na Górnym Śląsku. Podkreślono rolę i znaczenie, pracowników Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, a szczególnie Stanisława Doktorowicza-Hrebnickiego i Stefana Czarnockiego, w poznaniu oraz tekstowym i kartograficznym przedstawieniu skomplikowanej budowy geologicznej tego regionu.

EN

From the perspective of about 90 years a trial of characteristics of geological investigations in the period between the two World Wars in Upper Silesia was presented. The role and significance of workers of the State Geological Institute, and especially Doktorowicz-Hrebnicki and Stefan Czarnocki, in the recognition as well as text and cartographic presentation of the complicated geological structure of this region were emphasized.

9

Geologiczna infrastruktura informacji przestrzennej

Gogołek W., Gliwicz T., Hordejuk M., Paciura W.

Roczniki Geomatyki

|

2010

|

T. 8, z. 6

141-152

PL

Opisane elementy geologicznej infrastruktury informacji przestrzennej są krokiem na drodze do pełnej zgodności z dyrektywą INSPIRE i krajową ustawą o infrastrukturze informacji przestrzennej. Jednym z podstawowych założeń funkcjonowania infrastruktury informacji przestrzennej zgodnej z dyrektywą INSPIRE jest umożliwienie jej uczestnikom wyszukania potrzebnych im zbiorów danych geoprzestrzennych i usług danych geoprzestrzennych. Aby spełnić to założenie przygotowano w odpowiedniej formie zbiory danych geoprzestrzennych (na razie część zbiorów pozostających pod opieką PIG-PIB), usługi danych geoprzestrzennych (głównie usługi WMS w przeglądarkach map PIG-PIB) oraz opracowano metadane (na razie dla części zasobów) i umożliwiono wyszukiwanie informacji o zasobach i usługach dotyczących zasobów informacji geologicznej (usługa wyszukiwania CSW w katalogu metadanych IKAR). Podjęte działania dotyczyły kilku tematów wymienionych w załącznikach do dyrektywy INSPIRE, w tym tematu 2.4. Geologia z załącznika II.

EN

The paper deals with the main components of the geological spatial information infrastructure developed in the Polish Geological Institute (PGI). It includes four map services and one catalogue service. The Geoportal of Integrated System of Spatial Information IKAR which provides users with: advanced and fast map service (WMS), and unique geological catalogue service (CSW) with fast growing geological metadata resources. Thematic map services of Polish Hydrogeological Service (e-PSH) and Geoenvironmental Map of Poland deliver hydrological and environmental data. Central Geological DataBase map service makes it possible to browse spatial data and attributes. Various spatial data delivered by PGI, and other map services can be used together with user.s own data.

10

Zintegrowany System Kartgrafii Geologicznej IKAR

Gogołek W.

Roczniki Geomatyki

|

2007

|

T. 5, z. 3

69-74

EN

The project of the Integrated System of Geological Cartography IKAR began in 2004 and was included as the main task in the adopted by the Ministry of Environment .Policy in the domain of geological cartography for the years 2005-2020.. Its first three-year stage is being executed now. Basic tasks are as follows: development of spatial geological databases, edition and making available geological maps in different forms, building, conversion, harmonization and integration of parts of Polish Geological Institute (PGI), spatial data infrastructure (databases, reference data, and services) according to Open Geospatial Consortium specifications and ISO norms. PGI spatial data infrastructure should be ready to cooperate with national and European parts of spatial infrastructure and in compliance with INSPIRE Directive. Professional geodatabase MG (Geological Maps) was prepared within the framework of the IKAR project. It includes geological maps datasets (Geology50, Geology200, Geology500, Lithogenesis50) and the index dataset for geological maps with different scales. New applications (MLP50 wer.1.0 and MGP200 wer.1.0) are developed for new products, for their verification, edition and making them available. Most important reference data (boreholes, Geology50) are verified or created. A PGI metadata profile was prepared according to the norm ISO 19115:2003 Metadata and its elements selected for other key profiles like INSPIRE or geoportal.gov.pl profile. The PGI metadata base was put into practice in compliance with the PGI metadata profile. These metadata are accessible in the IKAR GeoPortal in its catalog service (CSW). The GeoPortal IKAR map service (WMS) allows us to see spatial PGI data selected for publication.

11

The application of GIS in geological cartography

Gogołek W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2005

|

Vol. 53, nr 10/2

913-916

EN

Paper contains a description of uses of Geographic Information System (GIS) in the field of geological cartography, mainly at the Polish Geological Institute (PGI). The PGI uses GIS, since a dozen years, in several mapping projects to produce databases and state-of-the-art maps: Detailed Geological Map of Poland, Hydrogeological Map of Poland, Geoenvironmental Map of Poland (all in the scale 1 : 50,000, although maps in other scales are also created). Cartographic databases are used to solve practical and scientific problems; examples are provided. Thanks to the digital maps production, aided by GIS, the spatial geological data are made available and published as maps in digital formats like raster files or vector GIS data or as online map services. Spatial geological data are the crucial part of Spatial Data Infrastructure on every level, therefore, the data should be used to create corporate (geological) SDI and should be integrated with existing SDIs, like the national SDI (www.geo-portal.pl) and the European SDI (INSPIRE).

12

Application of digital elevation models to geological and geomorphological studies - some examples

Badura J., Przybylski B.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2005

|

Vol. 53, nr 10/2

977-983

EN

Analysis of the Earth’s surface using three-dimensional models provides a wealth of new interpretation opportunities to geologists and geomorphologists. Linear elements, not visible on classical maps, become distinct features; it is also possible to interpret both small-scale glacial landforms and entire complexes of postglacial landscapes at the regional scale. Geomorphic features are frequently difficult to recognise in the field, either due to their scale or field obstacles. Three-dimensional visualization of the Earth’s surface and its examination at different angles and differently orientated source of light is extremely helpful in geological and geomorphological studies. This tool is, however, relatively seldom used due to either limited access to digital data bases or time-consuming procedures of individual construction of such bases from the existing cartographic data. For instance, analysis of small-scale glacial, fluvial or aeolian landforms in lowland areas requires cartographic data of resolution compatible with 1 : 10,000 scale. Nevertheless, less detailed digital elevation models, constructed at the scale of 1 : 50,000, are also extremely helpful, since they allow for regional interpretations of those morphostructures which are associated not only with neotectonics, but also with ice-flow directions, block disintegration of an ice-sheet, subglacial drainage, stages of fluvial erosion, or location of dune belts. A possibility of superposition of geological or geomorphological maps onto 3-D models is equally important, enhancing readability of the maps and providing clues to verification of the origin of landforms and proper cross-cutting relationships drawn on the map.

13

Profesor Edward Ruhle - twórca polskiej powojennej kartografii geologicznej

Ber A.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2005

|

nr 414

71-74