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Działalność górnicza jako jeden z czynników wpływających na rozwój osuwisk

Wódka Marcin

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2019

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nr 477

123--130

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ działalności górniczej na rozwój ruchów masowych na przykładzie czterech osuwisk. Pierwsze z nich znajduje się w Rydułtowach, na obszarze niecki osiadań spowodowanej podziemną eksploatacją węgla kamiennego. Osuwisko to zagraża najstarszemu tunelowi kolejowemu w Polsce, a jego uaktywnienie było prawdopodobną przyczyną zniszczenia tunelu w 1857 r. Kolejne dwa osuwiska pośrednio są związane z podziemnym ługowaniem soli w krakowskich Swoszowicach. Ostatni z przykładów to osuwisko rozwinięte w nieczynnej kopalni iłów Zesławice, będące świadectwem wpływu powierzchniowej eksploatacji i skarpowania zboczy na rozwój osuwisk.

EN

The article presents the influence of mining activity on development mass movements on the example four landslides. The first of these is located in Rydułtowy, in the area of mine subsidence caused by the underground exploitation of coal. The landslide threatens the oldest railway tunnel in Poland, and its activation was the probable cause of the destruction of the tunnel in 1857. Another two landslides are indirectly connected with underground salt leaching in Swoszowice (district of Kraków). The last of the examples is a landslide developed in the dormant open-cut mining Zesławice, a testimony to the impact of surface exploitation and undercutting of slopes for the development landslides.

2

Analysis of the hazards of the BAZALY football stadium in Ostrava in terms of environmental impact

Bujok P., Klempa M., Pospíšil P., Rado R., Porzer M., Ryba J., Bláha M., Poláček A.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2017

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Vol. 34, no. 4

933--943

EN

The term ‘geohazard’ is used to describe the natural and anthropogenic phenomena and processes taking place in the natural environment in the context of their negative influence on natural environment, including the geological one. The degree of geohazard is frequently evaluated on the basis of catalogued descriptions (activity of natural environment and human impact), which help identify particular hazards and ascribe them their value. According to Czech standards, 45 geohazards have been classified and described in detail in view of: geological knowledge, origin and way in which the hazard was evoked, geographical range, time, associated processes, social aspect and monitoring methods. Research works were conducted in a football stadium located in an area of underground hard coal extraction and surface production of raw minerals. The BAZALY stadium, where FC Banik Ostrava played its matches, is located in Ostrava in an area of former mining fields of Silesian Ostrava. These coal mines were closed in the 1990s, but even so they still create environmental hazards. The paper is devoted to research works and risk analysis of the environmental impact of mining activities, old workings and liquidated mines in terms of geohazard. The basic geohazard in the stadium area is methane migration from tectonically disturbed rock mass, also caused by incorrectly closed workings. Another hazard is associated with the increasing mining damage, i.e. tectonic movements, subsidence, local sinkholes, lowering groundwater level etc.

3

Monitorowanie geozagrożeń na terenach zurbanizowanych

Łukasik S.

Materiały Budowlane

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2015

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nr 11

24--26

PL

Skarpy nadrzeczne ze względu na walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe są atrakcyjnymi obszarami, na których obserwuje się nasiloną ekspansję inwestorów nowych obiektów. W celu ochrony terenów przed antropogeniczną dewastacją i naturalnymi procesami geodynamicznymi konieczne jest prognozowanie zachowania się skarp. Pierwszym obszarem, w przypadku którego prowadzono nowoczesny monitoring, była Skarpa Płocka (1982 – 2002). Korzystając z nabytych doświadczeń, w 2009 r. Zakład Geotechniki i Fundamentowania ITB opracował i zrealizował monitoring trzech obszarów Skarpy Warszawskiej na zlecenie Miasta Stołecznego Warszawy. W ramach projektu określono szczegółowe założenia do pomiarów przemieszczeń pionowych i poziomych systemu reperów ściennych, wgłębnych i inklinometrów w ilości ok. 500 szt. Wykonano 5 cykli pomiarowych, których wyniki zostały zgromadzone w specjalnie opracowanej bazie danych współpracującej z oprogramowaniem Oracle i ArcGis. System monitoringu stanowi ważny element zarządzania zasobami miejskimi, gwarantuje nadzór i kontrolę istniejących obiektów. Sukcesywne gromadzenie danych o przemieszczeniach skarpy jest istotnym elementem w pracach projektowych prowadzonych na rzecz zabezpieczenia zagrożonych odcinków.

EN

Riverside slopes zone are attractive new investment areas due to natural and cultural values. Intensified expansion of new building developers is currently observed. The slope behavior forecast is necessary to properly protect these areas from anthropogenic devastation and natural geodynamic processes. The first area covered with modern monitoring was Skarpa Płocka in 1982 – 2002. Using gained experience the Department of Geotechnics and Foundation in 2009, on City of Warsaw behalf, designed and executed the monitoring system for three areas of Skarpa Warszawska. The detailed guide lines for vertical and horizontal measurements of approx. 500 fix points were developed during the project. There were wall and earth plunge benchmarks installed as well as inclinometers. There were 5 measurement cycles to this day. The results were collected in special developed, cooperating with Oracle and ArcGis software database. The monitoring system is an important part of urban resources management. It guaranties land use planning supervision as well as existing facilities control.Successive collecting data on the slope movements is important element for design work undertaken for the protection of endangered areas.

4

Landslide and rockfall analysis of the western part of the Pavlov Hills in southern Moravia

Opalka F.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 1

117

EN

My presentation is focused on the analysis and mapping of landslides and rock falls from the western part of the Pavlov Hills in southern Moravia. The Pavlov Hills are situated in the NW margin of the outer units of the Carpathian Flysh belt and are formed by Jurassic to Cretaceous flysh sediments incorporated into nape sheets of Carpathian Flysh Belt (Ždánice and Pouzdřany Units) (Poul 2006). Landslides are important elements in evolution of landforms and represent a serious geohazard in many areas of the world. Different kinds and types of landslides cause problems and difficulties to human society every year and that is why they are one of human treating natural disasters. There are only a few areas with recorded risks of landslides in the Czech Republic. One of these areas is the area of the Pavlov Hills. There is not enough of sufficient attention payed to geological mapping of the area of Pavlov Hills, because there are not many human settlements or infrastructure nearby. My field work involved observation and measurement of faults, rockfalls and slides. My presentation is focused on updating existing maps of slope instabilities in the mentioned area. For that reason, previously mapped areas were documented, registered and included into a map sheet. Eleven sliding localities in the Pavlov Hills were described and documented. Into the final map I included the additions according to type: flow slides – 5, planar slides – 4, and 2 rock falls. The resulting map with accompanying sheets can be used as a basis for further mapping or other activities associated with the observation of landslides such as landslide prevention and remediation, clarification of the hydrogeological conditions of the area and verification of geological slip surfaces, which are not affected by landslides.

5

Logistyka portów morskich w aspekcie zagrożeń naturalnych

Ciupak M., Rokiciński K.

Logistyka

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2010

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nr 6

PL

Położenie portów morskich, bezpośrednie oddziaływanie morza i zjawisk hydrologicznych Przymorza oraz rozwój transportu multi- i intermodalnego implikuje rodzaj zagrożeń. Artykuł omawia hydrologiczno-meteorologiczne uwarunkowania funkcjonowania współczesnego portu morskiego w kontekście zagrożeń naturalnych. Podejmuje dyskusję dotyczącą konieczności określenia ośrodka decyzyjnego odpowiedzialnego za bezpieczeństwo i monitorowanie zagrożeń naturalnych oraz opisuje koncepcję systemu wymiany informacji o zagrożeniach.

EN

The location of sea ports, direct influence sea and hydrological phenomenon on the seaside area and development of multi- and intermodal transport involve a kind of hazards. The paper discusses hydrological and meteorological conditions of contemporary sea port functionality from natural hazards aspect. It enters into discuss concerning the necessity governing centre determine that will be responsible for security and monitoring the natural hazards and it describes the conception of exchange hazards information system.

6

Geohazards due to technologically enhanced natural radioactive wastes

Steinhausler F.

Acta Geophysica

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2010

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Vol. 58, no. 5

922-938

EN

Human activities can modify naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) into technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) as a result of industrial activities. Most of these industries do not intend to work with radioactive material a priori. However, whenever a uranium- or thorium-bearing mineral is exploited, NORM-containing by-products and TENORM-contaminated wastes are created. The industrial use of NORM can result in non-negligible radiation exposure of workers and members of the public, exceeding by far the radiation exposure from nuclear technologies. For decades, millions of tons of NORM have been released into the environment without adequate control or even with the lack of any control. Various technologies have been developed for the control of NORM wastes. The paper discusses the merits and limitations of different NORM-waste management techniques, such as Containment, Immobilization, Dilution/Dispersion, Natural Attenuation, Separation, and - as an alternative - Cleaner Technologies. Each of these methods requires a comprehensive risk-benefitcost analysis.

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Koncepcja mapy terenów podwyższonego ryzyka naturalnego w skali 1 :10000 dla terenów podgórskich i górskich

Bąk B., Radwanek-Bąk B.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 6

509--511

EN

The paper illustrates geological problems related to increased natural hazard, especially in mountain and foremontain regions, and general aspects of making a detailed map of such areas. The main geoenvironmental hazards in mountain and foremountain regions are discussed. They can be divided into two groups: natural hazards and anthropopressure. The first group consists of geodynamic processes, mainly ladnslides and floods. Human pressure on the environment shows up mainly by deforestation and increasing number of built-up areas. Also tourism devel-opment is a part of anthropopressure (for example, it causes erosion). Proper map of such a risky region should concentrate on five groups of problems: presentation of environmental and cultural values, showing the natural threats and their geological back-ground, anthropopressure, as well as geologial-engineering conditions and areas of possible conflicts for spatial planning. The scope and methodology of elaborate necessary for that kind of map is summarized in the table 1.