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1

Analysis of proposed geosites in the Betong District, Yala Province, Southern Thailand

Nazaruddin Dony Adryansyah, Singtuen Vimoltip, Baharim Nor Bakhiah, Abdul Rahman Muhd Nur Ismail

Geologos

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2023

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Vol. 29, No. 2

99--116

EN

This study aims to analyse the geosite candidates of the Betong District (Yala Province) in Southern Thailand by means of several methods including inventory, characterisation, classification, assessment and SWOT analysis. Results of the present study are illustrated through seven proposed geosites that become resources for the development of the Betong District, namely Betong Hot Spring, Inthasorn Waterfall, Chaloem Phra Kiat Waterfall, Mount Silipat and Nakor Hot Spring, as well as Piyamit Tunnel and Aiyerweng Skywalk, two human-modified sites which can be used to observe geological and geomorphological features. The present study is expected to promote the conservation and development of these resources as geological heritage of the district.

2

Od geologicznego parku krajobrazowego do geoparku globalnego (1991–2021)

Wróblewski Tomasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 5

287--293

EN

The Chęiny-Kielce Geological Landscape Park was proposed to be created in 1991, in order to protect the geological heritage of supra regional value, as well for educational purposes and development of geotourism. It was established in 1996 as the Chęciny-Kielce Landscape Park (ChKLP). The key adjective (Geological) was missing from its name due to the lack of relevant legislation (despite this, the ChKLP was promoted as a geological park, i.a., during the International ProGEO workshops in 1997 and 2003). At the beginning of 21st century, when a Global Geoparks Network was being organized, the ChKLP, as meeting all UNESCO geopark requirements, was proposed to be included in the network. The Geopark Kielce Centre (an institution previously established for geoheritage promotion purposes) was crucial in the foundation of the new geopark (on the basis on ChKLP), and preparing an application according to UNESCO instructions. The Chęciny-Kielce Geopark, eventually called Holy Cross Mountains Geopark (as its area was extended) was established and included in the Global Geoparks Network in 2021. It should be emphasized that the Polish Geological Institute also played a key role in the whole process, because both innovative ideas (the geological landscape park and the centre of geological education) originated in its Holy Cross Mts. Branch.

3

Dziedzictwo geologiczne

Urban Jan, Migoń Piotr, Radwanek-Bąk Barbara

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 1

16--20

EN

Geoheritage (geological heritage), that is tangible evidence of geological past and contemporary processes, is increasingly recognized as a valuable component of environment, worth conservation and popularization. It comprises elements of Earth's geodiversity, which are significant for scientific, educational, cultural, ecological or aesthetic reasons. Among them, the key role is played by geosites, at which elements of geoheritage are best exposed and have the most evident value. Various classifications of geosites by the main theme have been proposed and various methods of evaluation of geosites exist, involving among others, assessment of their scientific importance, cultural/historical value, threats and educational opportunities. Geoheritage in a given place or area may have global, national, regional or local significance. Globally significant geoheritage is protected at UNESCO World Heritage properties and in UNESCO Global Geoparks. In Poland, geoheritage is protected in national and landscape parks, more than 110 nature reserves, more than 1600 nature monuments and more than 120 sites of special scientific interest (documentary sites). This paper opens a section of "Przegląd Geologiczny", in which representative geosites of Poland will be successively presented.

4

Residual rocky forms in the landscape of the Outer Carpathians (Silesian Beskid Mts, Poland) – geotourist and sedimentological case study

Strzeboński Piotr

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2021

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nr 1-2 (64-65)

3--22

EN

This study investigated residual landforms developed within of the flysch bedrock in the Outer Western Carpathians as sand-stone-to-conglomeratic tors. The studied relic rocky forms are locally exposed on the valley slopes in the top and plateau parts of the Sile-sian Beskid Mts. The cognitive values of such relic landforms, especially in the context of their morphogenetic traits and shaping of their macro- and microrelief, are well known and described. In contrast to epigenetic processes, the sedimentological aspect of the origin of such siliciclastic rocky deposits is still subject to different approaches in terms of terminology and interpretation. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the conditions of environmental settings and character of the sediment transport and deposition processes from gravity flows, and to present a depositional system model for such a variety of flysch deposits. This study also attempts to present geotourist and geoed-ucational attractiveness of the tors against the background of regional geodiversity, geoheritage, and geoprotection. The results yielded a synthetic morpho-litho-sedimentological and geotouristic specification of the rocky forms analysed. The residual rocky landforms are polygenic geomorphological elements developed as a consequence of multistage and different scale of morph-forming activity operating on the basis of litho-sedimentological and tectonic assumptions under the influence of denudation processes.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu są ostańcowe formy terenu rozwinięte na bazie fliszowego podłoża skalnego w zachodnich Karpatach ze-wnętrznych jako skałki od piaskowcowych do zlepieńcowych. Omówione ostańcowe formy skałkowe lokalnie eksponowane są na stokach dolinnych w przyszczytowych i wierzchowinowych partiach Beskidu Śląskiego. Walory poznawcze, jakie ze sobą niosą, w szczególności w kontekście morfogenetycznym oraz kształtowania ich makro- i mikroreliefu, są dobrze poznane i opisane. W przeciwieństwie do procesów epigenetycznych aspekt sedymentologiczny pochodzenia takich silikoklastycznych utworów skałkowych jest natomiast nadal przedmiotem dociekań zarówno w kwestii terminologicznej, jak i interpretacyjnej. Celem badawczym artykułu jest zatem próba przybliżenia warunków środowiskowych ustawień, natury procesów transportu i depozycji osadów ze spływów grawitacyjnych oraz modelu systemu depozycyjnego takiej odmiany utworów fliszowych. Zamierzeniem autora było także przedstawienie geoturystycznej i geoedukacyjnej atrakcyjności ska-łek na tle regionalnej georóżnorodności, geodziedzictwa i ich geoochrony. W rezultacie przedstawiono w ujęciu syntetycznym specyfikację morfologiczną, litologiczną, sedymentologiczną i geoturystyczną badanych form skałkowych. Ostańcowe skałkowe formy terenu stanowią poligeniczne elementy geomorfologiczne rozwinięte w następstwie wieloetapowej i różnoskalowej działalności rzeźbotwórczej zachodzącej w utworach o określonych uwarunkowaniach litologiczno-sedymentologicznych i tektonicznych za pośrednictwem procesów denudacji.

5

The power of colour in geoheritage studies and marketing: some tentative reflections

Ruban Dmitry A., Mikhailenko Anna V., Yashalova Natalia N.

Geologos

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2021

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Vol. 27, No. 1

57--65

EN

Colour is a common physical property in exposures of unique geological objects, but is only marginally addressed in geoheritage literature. We here present our point of view on how this feature can be treated in geoheritage studies, with the general aim at setting up a broad discussion. Three functions of colour in geoheritage are outlined, namely geological interpretation (e.g., compositional and genetic peculiarities of sedimentary rocks), higher visibility due to colour contrast and aesthetic attractiveness to geotourists. Assessment of colour at geosites is challenging, especially because of uncertain colour nomenclatures. We propose to focus on colour identification, calculation of the number of colours, qualitative evaluation of colour contrast and comparison of colours of a given geological object to its landscape context. Geoheritage colours may have different meanings to geosite visitors, and colour-emotion associations revealed by national and international studies are important to trace these meanings.

6

Semantyka i metodyka oceny georóżnorodności : przegląd i propozycja badawcza

Najwer A., Zwoliński Z.

Landform Analysis

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2014

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Vol. 26

115--127

PL

Koncepcja georóżnorodności została opracowana stosunkowo niedawno, aczkolwiek bardzo szybko zyskała aprobatę naukowców na całym świecie. Jest to jednak wczesna faza rozpoznania problemu i w efekcie, pojęcie to nadal nie jest jednoznacznie rozumiane i definiowane. Niewielkie postępy zostały też poczynione w badaniach nad metodyką jej oceny oraz geowizualizacji. Istnieje wyraźna potrzeba stworzenia powszechnie akceptowanej metody oceny georóżnorodności. Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aktualnych koncepcji georóżnorodności oraz dotychczasowych dokonań w zakresie metodyki jej oceny. Przegląd ten, stanowić winien naukowe tło do prowadzenia szeroko zakrojonych, dalszych badań nad uniwersalną i przejrzystą metodyką oceny georóżnorodności. W przyszłości da to szansę jej szerokiej implementacji w wielu dziedzinach nauki. Ponadto w niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano nową metodę oceny georóżnorodności. Podstawą algorytmu analitycznego jest dobór odpowiednich cech środowiska przyrodniczego i parametrów geomorfometrycznych. Przygotowane mapy czynnikowe są poddawane standaryzacji, a następnie analizie wielokryterialnej przy wykorzystaniu metody hierarchicznej analizy procesów decyzyjnych. Obszar badań stanowi 5 zlewni rzecznych zlokalizowanych w Polsce i w Szwajcarii. Cztery z nich to zlewnie charakteryzujące się krajobrazem wysokogórskim: Derborence oraz Illgraben w Alpach Szwajcarskich, Sucha Woda w Tatrach oraz Wrzosówka w Karkonoszach. Zlewnia Dębnicy znajduje się na Niżu Polskim.

EN

The concept of geodiversity was created recently and has rapidly gained the approval of scientists around the world. However, the problem recognition is still at an early stage. Moreover, little progress has been made concerning its assessment and geovisualisation. Yet, the lack of a commonly accepted methodology is clearly noticeable. The main purpose of this paper is to present the current state of understanding the geodiversity concepts, discuss some research approaches and achievements in the field of its assessment methods. An overview should be found as a scientific framework for conduction of further studies especially focusing on establishing a commonly accepted and transparent assessment methodology. It will give an opportunity for its broad implementation across numerous disciplines. Furthermore a proposal of a new method of geodiversity assessment is presented. The basis for the assessment is a proper selection of the geographical environment features and geomorphometric parameters. Prepared factor maps are being standardized and resulted from map algebra operations carried out by multi-criteria evaluation with GIS-based analytic hierarchy process. The study areas consist of 5 peculiar catchments in Poland and Switzerland. Four are located in the high mountainious landscape (Derborence and Illgraben in the Swiss Alps, Sucha Woda in the Tatra Mts., and Wrzosówka in the Karkonosze Mts.) and one (Dębnica catchment) in the Polish Lowland area.

7

Geoparki na horyzoncie

Trela W., Fijałkowska-Mader A.

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

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2013

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nr 6

92-96

PL

W Górach Świętokrzyskich możliwe jest utworzenie pięciu geoparków realizujących ideę ochrony i popularyzacji georóżnorodności tego obszaru: Chęcińsko-Kieleckiego, Doliny Kamiennej, Łysogórskiego, Tetrapoda i Skamieniałych Wydm oraz Białe Ługi. Połączone w sieć geoparków świętokrzyskich mogą w istotny sposób wpływać na turystykę w regionie oraz politykę zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego.

8

Geopark „Beskid Śląsko-Morawsko-Żywiecki”- najstarsze utwory Karpat fliszowych

Golonka J., Krobicki M., Miśkiewicz K., Slomka T., Waśkowska A., Doktor M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 5

277--285

EN

The oldest flysch deposits are the leading theme of the planned "Silesian-Moravian-Żywiec Beskid" Geopark. The geopark is located in the area of Beskid Śląski Mts. and Beskid Żywiecki Mts. in the territory ofPoland. This is a region of the occurrence of a number of tectonic units of the Outer Carpathians, including Pieniny Klippen Belt, Magura Nappe (with Krynica, Bystrica, Raca and Siary tec- tonic-facies zones), Fore-Magura Unit, Silesian Nappe and Subsilesian Nappe. Geodiversity of this area is defined by well-exposed sections ofrocks. They were the sites ofclassical geological work in the 19th century. Within the geopark boundaries, there are the type localities of the following tectonic units: Silesian Nappe, Fore-Magura, Bystrica and Raca units, as well as Jaworzynka, Bystrica, Vyhylovka, Vendryne and Cieszyn Limestone formations, Malinowska Skala Conglomerate, Mutne Sandstone, and Cisownica Shale members. Landslides, attractive geomorphologic landforms (e.g., highest peaks of the Beskidy Mts., providing magnificent views), waterfalls, diversified river valleys, tors, caves as well as places associated with the history and tradition of this region represent geotouristic attractions with a high potential. They will be included in the network ofgeosites protected within the planned geopark. Analysis ofthe geopark area indicates a high degree of variability of natural values, especially its geodiversity and richness of the historical-cultural heritage. The preservation and protection methods are also diversified. This region represents unique geoenvironmental and historical values on the European scale, therefore offering good chances for establishment of geopark. The documentation of geosites has already been gathered at this stage of work. The information requires only updating, minor additions and construction ofa unified database. The evaluation ofthe current touristic infrastructure have also brought very positive results; the area isfrequented by millions oftouristsfrom Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and other countries.

9

Megaclasts in geoconservation: sedimentological questions, anthropogenic influence, and geotourism potential

Lubova Katrin A., Zayats Pavel P., Ruban Dmitry A., Tiess Günter

Geologos

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 4

321--335

EN

Megaclasts are sedimentary particles larger than boulders. Their huge size and scattered occurrence make them objects that deserve geological heritage, requiring conservation. Investigation of megaclasts for the purpose faces difficulties because of the distinction between boulders and megaclasts. Local study of Quaternary large stones in Mountainous Adygeja (W Caucasus, SW Russia) suggests ~ 2 m as a suitable size criterion, although only locally. Shape, occurrence, and origin of megaclasts require additional attention. Geoconservation may result in anthropogenic disturbances of the natural landscape through removal of vegetation, access constructions, and restoration. The geotourism potential of megaclasts is partly determined by their huge size and their rare and scattered occurrence. Aesthetic qualities, local legends, and co-occurrence with prehistoric megalithic constructions increase this potential. The Maiden’s Stone in Mountainous Adygeja, which is ~ 35 m long, has been a tourist attraction already for decades. It is an impressive example of geoconconservation and geotourism connected with megaclasts. Generally, megaclasts increase the value (including the scientific importance) of the geological heritage of Mountainous Adygeja, where a geopark might be established.

10

Geoochrona konserwatorska profilu wzorcowego warstw chodenickich (miocen zapadliska przedkarpackiego)

Gonera M., Wiewiórka J., Charkot J., Bukowski K., Mikulski D., Dudek K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 10

671-677

EN

Stratotypes are indispensable to the correct usage of litho- and chronostratigraphy units. Stratotypes sustainability is the crucial factor. As the sustainability of the Chodenice Beds stratotype became in risk the searching for the substitution site of this type section had been undertaken. Micropaleontological and petrological hallmarks of the unit have been considered and perfectly analogical deposits have been found near by – in the Bochnia Salt Mine. Two of the mine corridors where Chodenice Beds crop out have been selected. The sites are protected as elements of the geocoservation net of the Bochnia Salt Mine, nominated as geological site no. 4 and 21.

11

Stan geoochrony konserwatorskiej w parkach krajobrazowych Polski

Gonera M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 12

1139-1146

EN

The idea of establishing protected landscape parks was put forward in Poland 50 years ago. The result was fairly quick expansion in the number of protected landscape areas, up to 120 by now. Figures 1 and 2 show the progress in creation of such areas and their geographical distribution. The major goals and approach in management of the landscape parks were changing in time. The following stages may be distinguished in the landscape parks policy: protection of environment followed by landscape protection, protection of nature diversity and currently - biodiversity conservation (in accordance with Natura 2000 prerogatives). Also "geodiversity" make it necessary to treat the existing landscape parks as the potential areas of geoparks. One of key requirements which should be met by geoparks is a network of geological sites subjected to legal protection. These sites are the "backbone" of geopark. The paper presents situation in the Polish landscape parks with regard of this requirement by the end of the year 2008. At that time the number of geoconservation objects selected and categorized in 75 of those parks reached 551 (Fig. 3). Table 1 shows the typology of geological sites in relation to their importance for the Earth sciences The objects of the category A are the most valuable for geology whereas the remaining ones are mainly of geomorphological (B) and hydrological (C) value. Tables 2, 3 and 4 show the current state of conservation of geological sites in Polish landscape parks. In that presentation the area of Poland was divided into two parts with the line of extent of the Warta Glaciation as the boundary (Fig. 2). The Pleistocene deposits predominate north of that boundary whereas rocks of older stratigraphic units crop out at the surface south of it.

12

Obszary górnicze i geoochrona konserwatorska - niedoszacowane partnerstwo

Gonera M.

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2009

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R. 50, nr 2-3

37-41

PL

Roli odsłonięć i odkrywek w badaniach i popularyzacji geologii nie da się przecenić. Dlatego czynne kamieniołomy, cegielnie, kopalnie odkrywkowe i podziemne są ważnymi obiektami dla poznawania geologii. Jednak te obiekty zanikają. Intencją geoochrony konserwatorskiej jest temu przeciwdziałać opierając się na zapisach ustawy o ochronie przyrody. Geologia gospodarcza i górnictwo nie wykorzystały dotychczas swoich atutów i nie sięgnęły po korzyści dane im potencjalnie przez tę ustawę. Chodzi o aplikację stanowiska dokumentacyjnego. Chodzi o to, ażeby powołanie i utrzymywanie obiektów tej kategorii ochrony odbywało się w zamian za określone korzyści dla gospodarza terenu: na przykład ulgi finansowe w podatku i opłatach eksploatacyjnych. Nie dokona tego sama argumentacja geoochrony konserwatorskiej. Potrzebne jest lobby sektora wydobywczego.

EN

The role of outcrops in geology is really substantial. Therefore different kinds of quarries, mines and brick-fields are highly valuable in geological education, train and tourist. Unfortunately, these objects are disappearing. The geoconservation is against of this, trying to proceed by bring into play the decrees contained in Polish Nature Protection Act. As yet the mine and applying geology sectors have not used its trumps to gain the potential benefits brining them by this Act. They did not ask the economical circumstances on set the geological documentary site in mine areas. Foundation and management of these geoconservation objects should be reward and recompensed; for example by reduced tax and licenses. This can't be performed only by geoconservation itself. The mine lobby support is needed to strengthen mining and geology in land management policy.

13

The conservation of Jurassic heritage in the UK – a critical review of the role of governmental organisations and their effectiveness

Page K., Wimbledon W.

Volumina Jurassica

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2008

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Vol. 6, no. 1

163-173

EN

In 1949 the concept of protected geological sites was first established in UK law by Nature Conservancy (NC) as ‘Sites of Special Scientific Interest’ (SSSIs). In 1977 a systematic site selection process - the Geological Conservation Review (GCR) was established by the UK-wide Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) which identified over 3000 features of geological interest nationally (excluding Northern Ireland), including around 275 representing aspects of Jurassic stratigraphy and palaeontology. These GCR sites formed the basis for all subsequent geoconservation SSSI designation including under strengthened legislation in 1981 and 2002. The fragmentation of the NCC in 1991 established separate country conservation bodies in Scotland (Scottish Natural Heritage), Wales (Countryside Council for Wales), and England (English Nature) with a fourth, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) to oversee certain national and international activities. In Northern Ireland, however, nature conservation remained the responsibility of the Environment and Heritage Service of the Department of the Environment. With the establishment of these five separate organisations, policy and practice began to diverge. The consequences of this divergence are discussed with particular reference to its effects on the conservation of sites of Jurassic palaeontological and stratigraphical importance. Recommendations for future conservation strategies and procedures are proposed.

14

Jurassic Global Stratotype Section and Points (GSSPs)-a potential serial World Heritage Site?

Page K., Melendez G., Henriques M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2008

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Vol. 6, no. 1

155-162

EN

The Operation Guidelines for the UNESCO World Heritage Convention state that proposed areas should: “..be outstanding examples representing major stages of Earth’s history, including the record of life”, “..contain all or most of the key interrelated and interdependent elements in their natural relationships”, “..have a management plan…” and “..have adequate long-term legislative, regulatory, institutional or traditional protection..”. By definition, Global Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) should satisfy all these criteria, although in isolation, the proposal of any single GSSP is unlikely to succeed, however, as an individual site may lack a broader context. Nevertheless, combining a suite of GSSPs sites for a System within a ‘serial’ World Heritage site proposal would satisfy such a concern and could be an ultimate goal for the International Subcommission on Jurassic Stratigraphy.

15

European Geoparks Network : transnational collaboration on Earth heritage protection, geotourism and local development

Zouros N. C.

Geoturystyka

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2008

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nr 1

3-22

EN

Recently, a new initiative aiming at the protection, promotion and rational management of geosites and the sustainable development of their broader hosting territories was established in Europe by the creation of Geoparks, in close synergy with the UNESCO. The European Geoparks Network (EGN) founded in 2000 is a European forum of cooperation between geoparks supported by the EU initiatives and focused on promotion of both the European Earth heritage conservation and the sustainable local development trough geoturism. The European Geoparks are involved in common actions and in development of strategies aiming to promote alternative tourism by evolving new development policies, new products and new methods, experimenting on these issues and working on preserving of geological heritage. Due to geoparks operation in several European countries geotourism has been growing rapidly during the last decade. Geoparks contribute significantly to the local economy by creating new jobs and establishing close collaborations with local tourist enterprises, artisans and women's cooperatives producing local food and drinks.

PL

Najnowsza europejska inicjatywa tworzenia Geoparków, podjęta w ścisłej współpracy z UNESCO, ma na celu promocję, ochronę i racjonalne zarządzanie europejskim dziedzictwem geologicznym oraz zrównoważony rozwój obszarów przylegających do obiektów przyrody nieożywionej przy pomocy geoturystyki. Geoparki europejskie uczestniczą w wielu wspólnych akcjach i rozwijają strategie działań promujących turystykę alternatywną. Działania te to nowa polityka rozwoju obszarów wiejskich, nowe produkty turystyczne, nowe metody zarządzania, a także eksperymentalne akcje w różnych dziedzinach i praca nad zachowaniem dziedzictwa geologicznego Ziemi. Dzięki działalności geoparków w ostatnich 10 latach obserwujemy szybki rozwój geoturystyki w wielu krajach europejskich. Geoparki przyczyniły się znacząco do rozwoju ekonomicznego lokalnych społeczności poprzez tworzenie nowych miejsc pracy i ścisłą współpracę z miejscowymi przedsiębiorstwami turystycznymi, rzemieślnikami i spółdzielniami produkującymi lokalne potrawy i napoje.

16

Geoochrona w ujęciu narodowym, europejskim i światowym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski)

Alexandrowicz Z.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2007

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nr 425

19-26

PL

W ciągu ostatnich 15 lat zaznaczył się wzrost zainteresowania problematyką geoochrony w Europie. Jej rozwój wspierają organizacje UNESCO, a zwłaszcza w tym celu utworzona Europejska Asocjacja Ochrony Dziedzictwa Geologicznego (ProGEO). Działalność na tym polu realizuje się poprzez przygotowanie narodowej sieci geostanowisk i geoparków oraz włączenie ich w międzynarodowy system ochrony przyrody. Zapoczątkowana została również weryfikacja Listy Światowego Dziedzictwa (WHL) UNESCO pod względem nadzwyczajnych, uniwersalnych wartości geologicznych i geomorfologicznych. Omówione w artykule główne kierunki rozwoju współczesnej geoochrony zmierzają do utworzenia Światowej Sieci Geologicznego Dziedzictwa Ziemi. Polska jest dotychczas jedynym krajem, w którym została opracowana według instrukcji ProGEO i opublikowana sieć reprezentatywnych geostanowisk kandydujących na listę europejską, natomiast starania o tworzenie narodowych geoparków są we wstępnym etapie.

EN

During the last 15 years problems of geoconservation in Europe attracted more and more attention. It is supported by UNESCO and by European Association for the Conservation of the Geological Heritage (ProGEO), created an especially in this purpose. The activity in this field is realized by preparation of national framework of geosites and geoparks which should be incorporated in international system of the nature protection. The verification of the UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL) in respect to geological and geomorphological outstanding universal values was initiated. Main ways of a Global Framework of Geological World Heritage were discussed in the text. Up till now Poland is one and only country in which the fully framework of representative geosites, candidates on the European List, is prepared and published according to the instruction of ProGEO. On the other hand efforts to the creation of geoparks are initiated only.

17

The conservation of Jurassic heritage in the UK – a critical review of current practice and effectiveness

Page K., Wimbledon W.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

254-254

EN

In 1949 the first concept of a protected geological site was introduced into UK law and within a few years the country had a network of such, now known as "Sites of Special Scientific Interest" (SSSIs). This initial law was strengthened in 1981, but in the meantime a systematic site selection process had also been established by the GB-wide Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) known as the Geological Conservation Review. This process led to the identification of over 3000 features of geological interest nationally (excluding Northern Ireland), including around 275 representing aspects of Jurassic stratigraphy and palaeontology. These "GCR" sites formed the basis for all subsequent geoconservation SSSI designation. Site conservation activity by the NCC was on a learning curve in the earlier days with the legal possibilities of the 1981 act being explored and techniques and philosophies being developed. Political moves, however, led to the fragmentation of the NCC in 1991 to established separate country conservation bodies in Scotland, Wales and England with a fourth to co-ordinate certain national and international activities. In Northern Ireland, however, nature conservation remained the responsibility of the Department of the Environment. With the establishment of these five separate organisations, policy and practice inevitably began to diverge. Wales established a regionalised distribution of geological advisors who take responsibility for much site-based casework. In Scotland, a small group of centrally based geologists provides advice, although in practice most casework is carried out by local, ecological, conservation officers. In England, however, a trend established towards the end of the NCC continued, with more and more key decisions being made by a centrally based group of geological advisors, with limited external scientific input. In addition, local, ecological conservation officers have increasingly been expected to not only give day to day advice on the management of geological sites, but also to set conservation objectives and monitor the same sites. These approaches have not only contributed to significant losses of key parts of several protected Jurassic sites and their contained palaeontological heritage, but also to a high level of under-recording of such damage. In October 2006, however, as a new organisation will take over nature conservation administration in England - "Natural England" - and the time is therefore right to rethink such approaches. Several proposed aims and objectives for the future will therefore be presented, which are not only of relevance to the UK as a whole, but also to the rest of Europe. It is ironic that in the 21st century in one of the countries that first established a systematic approach to geological conservation, especially site selection, significant damage to and losses of Jurassic heritage continue to be observed - a re-assessment of conservation strategies is therefore much needed.

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Jurassic Global Stratotype Section and Points (GSSPs) – a potential serial World Heritage Site?

Page K., Melendez G., Henriques M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

253-253

EN

The Operation Guidelines for the World Heritage Convention include the following criteria for the selection of natural heritage sites, which states that they should: "…be outstanding examples representing major stages of Earth's history, including the record of life, significant ongoing geological processes in the development of land forms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features" [Criteria a (i)]; "The sites listed in a (i) should contain all or most of the key interrelated and interdependent elements in their natural relationships…" [Criteria b (i)]; "The site described in paragraph (a) should have a management plan…" [Criteria b (v)]; "A site described in paragraph (a) should have adequate long-term legislative, regulatory, institutional or traditional protection..." [Criteria b (vi)]. Global Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) represent, by definition, the most stratigraphically complete and globally important stage-boundary sections known. They therefore fully satisfy the World Heritage criterion a (i). Crucially, their identification and ratification is regulated globally by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) which also advises UNESCO on the selection of World Heritage Sites for geological features - such a ratification can be taken as confirmation of global significance in more than just a technical or scientific sense. In addition, as part of the GSSP selection process aspects of the site's conservation status and safeguard for future study are also taken into consideration, Criterion b (vi) and be satisfied, if not b (v) as well. The proposal of any single GSSP in isolation as a World Heritage site is unlikely succeed, however, as individually such sites may lack a broader context. Combining a suite of GSSPs sites in a "serial" World Heritage site proposal - a well established approach in other contexts - is however, conceptually much more likely to succeed. In particular a proposal incorporating all the applicable GSSPs for a single system could certainly satisfy Criterion b (i), especially as all key interrelated and interdependent elements would then be included, i.e. all component stages of that system. Such a proposal could be an ultimately goal for the ISJS, as a celebration of decades of intensive work by many colleagues from many countries. Such a project would require a high degree of international agreement and already five countries are implicated in the process: Portugal, Spain, England, Scotland and France. Nevertheless, the close working relationships between specialists in different nations established through the Working Groups of the Subcommission can offer a marvellous opportunity for such collaboration.

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Surveying the geoheritage of high ecotouristic importance in Hungary - methodological concerns and experiences

Kiss G.

Geoturystyka

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2005

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T. 2, nr 2

33-38

EN

Within the framework of a nationwide project called Geoconservation Surveys of Hungary, the assessment of Hungarian geoheritage has been started. On the basis of this survey, The National Cadastre of Geoheritage in Hungary is being compiled. While developing the methodology, our aim was fulfil scientific standards and to be practical at the same time. Following professional consensus, an important endeavour was the standarization of the methodology. In the first phase 182 geosites were listed, and the 90 most important ecotouristic sites were documented. The final aim of the Survey is to systematically access all the Earth-science features and processes representing the diversed geoheritage of Hungary. Compiling the Cadastre is a very important task of geoconservation, but it is only the first step of the long-term maintenance of the Hungarian geoheritage

PL

W artykule przedstawiono projekt "Geoconservation Survey of Hungary", którego zadaniem jest systematyczna inwentaryzacja, ocena i dokumentacja dziedzictwa przyrody nieożywionej na Węgrzech. Na podstawie inwentaryzacji stworzony został "Narodowy rejestr dziedzictwa przyrody nieożywionej". Wybrano obiekty, które dzięki swoim walorom naukowym i estetycznym mają największe znaczenie dla ekoturystyki

20

Geoturystyka, geoochrona i edukacja geologiczna w tematach XXXII Międzynarodowego Kongresu Geologicznego, Florencja 20-28 sierpnia 2004 r.

Miśkiewicz K.

Geoturystyka

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2005

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T. 2, nr 1

57-62