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Zasady klasyfikacji stratygraficznej czwartorzędu Polski i jej główne kategorie

Marks Leszek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 10

485--502

EN

A reliable stratigraphic subdivision of the Quaternary is extremely important, dependent firstly on primary significance of its deposits in geological investigations and every-day life of human societies. In the Cenozoic, the Quaternary is a period of the same stratigraphic rank as the Palaeogene and the Neogene, but it is much shorter. Traditional stratigraphic schemes of the Quaternary were based mostly on other criteria than of the older periods, because studies of the Quaternary were focused mainly on more easily accessible terrestrial deposits and a decisive role in their formation was played by climate-induced processes. These factors forced a specific approach to define the stratigraphic units and to create the stratigraphic subdivisions of the Quaternary. In the Quaternary investigations in Poland, several categories of stratigraphic classification are used, particularly lithostratigraphy (with pedostratigraphy and cryostratigraphy), morphostratigraphy, biostratigraphy (including palynostratigraphy, malacostratigraphy, teriostratigraphy and anthropostratigraphy), magnetostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy (synchronized with geochronology) and climatostratigraphy (combined with oxygen isotope stratigraphy). The main climatostratigraphic units can be treated as corresponding to the chronostratigraphic ones and it enables correlation in a regional and global scale. Acritical overview of the applied stratigraphic categories and the updated stratigraphic subdivision are presented for Poland.

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U-Pb and K-Ar geochronology of the subvolcanic rock pebbles from the Cretaceous and Paleogene gravelstones and conglomerates of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Carpathians; Poland, Slovakia) – relevance for tectonic evolution and palaeogeography

Poprawa Paweł, Krobicki Michał, Nejbert Krzysztof, Krzemińska Ewa, Armstrong Richard, Pecskay Zoltan

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

58--58

EN

In the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB), the Cretaceous and Paleogene conglomerates and cohesive debrites commonly contain pebbles and blocks of the subvolcanic rocks among other, mainly sedimentary rocks (e.g. multicoloured sandstones, oolitic limestones, dark bivalve coquinas, dolostones, etc.). This detritus was interpreted as derived from the Andrusov Ridge located south of the PKB basin (Birkenmajer, 1988). Age of these subvolcanic rocks, regarded to represent subduction-related igneous activity, was previously constrained by K-Ar whole rock dating as c. 140–90 Ma, leading to suggestion that during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous PKB basin developed on oceanic lithosphere, subducted during at the end of Early Cretaceous (Birkenmajer, 1988). Within this study, the geochemical composition, the K-Ar whole rock age and the U-Pb zircon ages of the above mentioned subvolcanic rocks were studied. The pebbles are well rounded. They are represented by granitic and subvolcanic andesitic-type rocks (mainly andesite, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite and rhyolitic pebbles, and rare dacite, tephrite, trachybasaltic and basaltic pebbles). Domination of andesitic pebbles, bimodal spectrum of volcanic rocks with high content of SiO2 (rhyolites, dacites) and Na2O and K2O within mafic and transitional ones is observed. Their petrographic character and geochemical analysis of concentration of rare elements with MgO > 2% ratio and La/Yb 4–35, Sc/Ni < 1.5, Sr/Y < 20, Ta/Yb > 0.1, Th/Yb > 1 values, indicate magmatic island arc of active continental margin similar to Andean-type subduction regime. The K-Ar whole rock dating was performed for 17 samples. The obtained ages cover mainly the Early Cretaceous time span, with the most data representing the Barremian-Albian, therefore are coherent with Birkenmajer (1988) results. However, the U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating reveled different results. Most of the analyzed subvolcanic rock samples (9) give ages in the narrow range of c. 270–266 Ma. The ages are based on concordant data with amount of measured point in a range of 20–30, and are characterized by low error bars, usually lower than ±2 Ma. In addition, one sample of subvolcanic rock gave lower quality results, with a few youngest, partly concordant, zircons grains giving the age of 251.0 Ma ±8.5 Ma. Moreover, one sample of orthogenesis was analyzed, which is regarded to represent crust on which the volcanic arc developed. In this case the U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating result is 493.9 Ma ±4.1 Ma. We regard these pebbles/blocks to be derived from the Inner Carpathians, assuming therefore lack of the Andrusov Ridge located south of the PKB basin (comp. Plašienka, 2018). The results of K-Ar whole rock dating is representative for intensive diagenetic overprint, rather than age of the rock. The U-Pb data clearly indicate, that subduction-related magmatic arc developed during the middle Permian (Guadalupian). This follows, that the oceanic crust was of the middle Permian or older age, and thus cannot be related to the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous development of the PKB basin. The magmatic arc was presumably connected with southern margin of Laurusia and subduction of oceanic crust of the Paleotethys (proto-Vardar Ocean?).

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Heavy metals and 137Cs levels in macrophytes and temporal distribution in sediments : application for estuarine environment status assessment (Vistula Lagoon – southern Baltic)

Zalewska Tamara, Brzeska-Roszczyk Paulina, Danowska Beata, Pełechaty Mariusz

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 1

68--80

EN

The paper presents the first data on the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn) and 137Cs and their contamination ratios (CR) in the most abundant species of macrophytes in the Vistula Lagoon. No significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs between macrophyte taxa or the influence of rivers flowing into the Vistula Lagoon on heavy metal concentrations in the area were found. The concentrations of heavy metals in macrophyte taxa varied in the following ranges: Cd – 0.1–0.7 mg kg−1 d.w.; Pb – 0.5–5.0 mg kg−1 d.w.; Zn – 29–390 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cu – 2.5–8.3 mg kg−1 d.w.; Ni – 0.4–6.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cr – 0.5–2.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Mn – 380–8500 mg kg−1 d.w. Since the 1990s, a decline or stable state of heavy metal concentrations in bottom sediments has been observed, reflecting changes in the environment of the Vistula Lagoon. The linear sedimentation rate in the Vistula Lagoon was 3.3 mm y−1. The results presented in the paper can serve as a baseline for assessing changes in the environmental status of the Vistula Lagoon, which may occur as a result of future investments, including building a new navigable canal through the Vistula Spit.

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Geochemistry and geochronology of the Jawornik granitoids, Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome, Sudetes, Poland

Białek Dawid

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 4

942--957

EN

The Jawornik granitoids intrude, in vein-like form, a sequence of a polymetamorphic metavolcanic and metapelitic rocks of the Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome, Sudetes, Poland. This paper provides whole-rock geochemical data, sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon geochronological data as well as 40Ar-39Ar age determinations to constrain the genetic and temporal relationships of the different rock types forming these veins. Based on macroscopically visible features of the granitoids and their relationship with tectonic structures visible in the country rocks, four varieties of the Jawornik granitoids have been distinguished: amphibole- and biotite-bearing granites (HBG), biotite-bearing granites (BG), biotite- and muscovite-bearing granites (BMG) and muscovite-bearing granites (MG). The Jawornik granitoids as a whole show a limited but significant variation in major element chemical composition, with SiO2 ranging from 65 to 76 wt.% (average 69.16 wt.%, n = 24). They are subalkalic, peraluminous and calc-alkaline [average A/CNK = 1.07, average (Na2O + K2O) = 7.75, average (Fe2O3t/(Fe2O3t + MgO) = 0.59]. Close inspection of their geochemical parameters showed that the samples investigated can be subdivided into two groups. The first group, the HBG, BG, and BMG varieties, comprising most of the granitoids in the Złoty Stok-Skrzynka Tectonic Zone, were formed by melting of greywackes or/and amphibolites. The MG, belonging to the second group, were formed by partial melting of a more felsic source. The HBG yielded a zircon U-Pb age of 351 ±1.3 Ma and well-defined 40 Ar-39Ar plateau ages for hornblende (351.1 ±3.9 Ma) and coexisting biotite (349.6 ±3.8 Ma), indicating probably the oldest magmatic event in this region. Zircons from the MG, the youngest rock variety on the basis of their relationship with the tectonic structures in the host rocks yielded a U-Pb age of 336.3 ±2.4 Ma, though based on three points only. The biotites and muscovites from the BMG have 40 Ar-39Ar plateau ages of 344.1 ±4.7 Ma and 344.6 ±3.8 Ma, respectively. These data, in combination with already published isotopic ages, suggest that the Jawornik granitoids intruded host rocks of the Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome in three stages, at ~350, ~344 and ~335 Ma.

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A reappraisal of K-Ar and new U-Pb age data for felsic rocks in the vicinity of the Kraków-Lubliniec Fault Zone (southern Poland)

Jarmołowicz-Szulc Katarzyna

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 3

754--765

EN

New U-Pb zircon SHRIMP determinations from magmatic silicic rocks adjacent to the NE part of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USB) are provided and compared with earlier data obtained by K-Ar dating. The zircon samples studied came from the same boreholes and depth intervals previously sampled for K-Ar datings. Recalculations of the earlier K-Ar values for biotites yielded isochron ages in the range of 297-309 Ma. The zircon U-Pb SHRIMP values gave more precise ages between 300.1 ±1.2 Ma and 292.6 ±1.3 Ma (1б) consistent with U-Pb and Re-Os determinations. In two cases, the recalculated results of K-Ar dates were nearly identical with those obtained from the SHRIMP isotopic analyses. In this context, the granitoids and porphyries of the USB area, once assigned to the Carboniferous-Permian based on the older K-Ar studies, actually are of the same age as other felsic igneous rocks from the vicinity of the Kraków-Lubliniec Fault Zone, with a higher dating precision, however. The new data underline the importance of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian felsic magmatism at the SW margin of the Trans-European Suture Zone in southern Poland. In the zircon populations dated, besides the dominant Late Paleozoic ages, there are some inherited zircon cores, likely remnant detrital grains from a sediment component in the source rocks, that reveal much older ages which range from ~2051 to 569 Ma.

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Chronology of seafloor massive sulfides formation within the Pobeda hydrothermal cluster (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

Kuznetsov V., Cherkashov G., Kuksa K., Firstova A., Maksimov F., Bel’Tenev V., Lazareva L., Levchenko S., Baranova N.

Geochronometria

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2020

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Vol. 47, no.1

63--70

EN

A geochronological and mineralogical study on the seafloor massive sulfides from the Pobeda hydrothermal cluster at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was carried out. To improve the reliability of geochronological data, the 230Th/U ages were measured for both the bulk samples and monomineral separates. The oldest age ca. 52 kyr within Pobeda-1 and ca. 107 kyr within Pobeda–2 fields have been obtained. Then, several episodes of hydrothermal activity were identified within both fields up to ca. 0.3 kyr ago and up to ca. 4.3 kyr ago, respectively.

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Interpretation of soil erosion in a Polish loess area using OSL, 137Cs, 210Pbex, dendrochronology and micromorphology – case study: Biedrzykowice site (s Poland)

Poręba Grzegorz, Śnieszko Zbigniew, Moska Piotr, Mroczek Przemysław, Malik Ireneusz

Geochronometria

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2019

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Vol. 46, no. 1

57--78

EN

Loess areas used for agriculture are susceptible to soil erosion. The intensive process of soil erosion in Polish loess areas began with the onset of the Neolithic and has continued intermittently until today. This work presents the results of soil erosion from simultaneous use of the 137Cs and 210Pbex methods on an agricultural field located on loess slope. Moreover, to establish the age of accumulated sediment connected with water slope erosion, OSL dating, selected physicochemical and micromorphological analyses were applied. The reference values of the 137Cs and 210Pbex fallout for the studied site (Biedrzykowice, the Proszowice Plateau, Małopolska Upland) equal 2627 (45% connected with Chernobyl) and 4835 Bq·m–2, respectively. The results of the 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories measured for the agricultural field range from 730 to 7911 and from 1615 to 11136 Bq·m–2, respectively. The mean soil erosion is about 2.1 kg·m–2·a–1 (about 1.4 mm·a–1). The accumulation of the colluvial sediments started in the Neolithic and drastically increased in the Middle Ages. The examined gully catchment in Biedrzykowice has probably developed quite rapidly as a result of increased erosion. This resulted in the abandonment of this area as farmland and, consequently, in the minimization of water erosion on the slope due to the entrance of woody vegetation in this area. Erosion processes were highly intensified during the last 70 years as a result of deforestation after World War II and intensive agricultural reuse of this area after a break, as indicated by isotope measurements and dendrochronology.

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The history of the sedimentation processes and heavy metal pollution in the Central Danube Delta (Romania)

Begy R. C., Kelemen S., Simon H., Tănăselia C.

Geochronometria

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2018

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Vol. 45, no. 1

97--106

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Iron Gates (IG) hydroelectric power station on the Danube Delta sediment dynamics, and to assess the heavy metal concentrations and pollution in a typical Central Danube Deltaic lake. Eight sediment cores were analysed. The total 210Pb content was measured with 210Po using alpha spectrometry, and the supported 210Pb (226Ra) and 137Cs were measured by gamma spectrometry. The age depth model was derived by applying the 210Pb dating method, and for the calculation of the ages and the sedimentation rates the CRS model was used. The sedimentation rates can be divided into four periods:1940–1972, 1972–1980, 1972–1989 and 1989–2013. In the case of Lake Iacob in the first period, the average sedimentation rate was 0.418 g/cm2y, while in the second it slowly decreased to 0.376 g/cm2y. In the third period, the sedimentation fell to 0.209 g/cm2y, which means the retention of 27.3% of the sediment by the IG dam. In the case of Lake Isac the changes were more visible: in the first period the average sedimentation rate was 0.446 g/cm2y, while in the second it decreased to 0.197 g/cm2y, which means a 42.35% retention of sediment. In the last period, in both cases, a high increase in the sedimentation rate is shown: 0.677 g/cm2y for Lake Iacob and 0.715 g/cm2y for Lake Isac. The heavy-metal concentrations for As, Co, Cr and Ni show decreasing and Hg increasing tendencies, while Cd and Pb show constant values of 310 ± 12 ppb and 9 ± 1 ppm respectively.

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Badania geochronologiczne skał podłoża krystalicznego na obszarze północno-wschodniej Polski : przegląd i podsumowanie

Jarmołowicz-Szulc K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 12

1536--1539

EN

Since the mid-1950s, when Jerzy Znosko started his huge contribution to the recognition of the crystalline basement of NE Poland, many different studies have followed the planned and implemented drilling projects. The drillings, conducted in the first decade under the leadership of Professor Znosko and under his description of the results, were further worked out by other researchers. Studies concerned petrological, geochemical and miner- alogical aspects. In that fan of methods applied, geochronological data started to be introduced to the bibliography of the area in the early 1960s. Geochronological methods that time mean mostly K-Ar and some Rb-Sr values. These materials are gathered in the paper aiming at its presentation, re-valuation and interpretation in terms of the significance of such data for further development of knowledge.

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240+239Pu depositional signatures as a viable geochronological tool in the Amazon Basin

Sanders L. M., Taffs K. H., Stokes D., Enrich-Prast A., Sanders Ch. J.

Geochronometria

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2017

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Vol. 44, no. 1

142--149

EN

Anthropogenic radionuclide signatures associated with nuclear testing are increasingly utilized in environmental science to explore recent sedimentation. In this study, we assess the suitability of Pu radioisotope analysis in floodplain lake environments in the Amazon Basin to form geochronologies during the 20th century. The 240Pu + 239Pu ( 240+239Pu) signatures in six sediment cores indicate sediment accumulation rates in the floodplain lakes of the major rivers; Amazon (2.3 mm year–1 ), Tapajos (10.2 and 2.4 mm year–1 ) and Madeira (3.4, 4.2 and 6.2 mm year–1 ). The results from this study show that 240+239Pu fallout activities, and the well documented (240Pu/ 239Pu) atomic ratios of the above ground nuclear tests which began in the 1950’s, are sufficient and well preserved in Amazon floodplain lake sediments to infer chronologies. Lead-210 dating analyses in the same sediment cores producedv comparable sediment accumulation rates at three of the six sites. The differences between dating methods may be attributed to the different time scale these dating methods represent and/or in the solubility between Pb and Pu along the sediment column. The geochronologies derived from the 240+239Pu and 210Pb dating methods outlined in this work are of interest to identify the effects of changing sediment accumulation rates during the previous century as a result of development, including deforestation, along the Amazon Basin which increased towards the middle of the 20th century. This study shows that Pu dating provides a viable alternative geochronology tool for recent sediment accumulation (previous ~60 years) along the Amazon Basin.

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Stable isotope geochemistry of sulfides from intrusion in Monchegorsk, northern part of Baltic Shield

Huber M. A., Hałas S., Neradovsky Y. N., Bayanova T. B., Mokrushin A. W., Lata L.

Geochronometria

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2016

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Vol. 43, no. 1

96--101

EN

The sulfide minerals from old mafic intrusion rocks from the Kola Peninsula were analyzed on stable sulfur isotopes. These samples were already dated by the Sm-Nd method. These sulfide samples were evaluated upon a geochemical composition by ICP-MS. The sulfide mineral samples were selected from the main ore-bearing rocks of the Monchetundra layered intrusion. The analyzed sulfides formed several generations of mineralization associated with primary and hydrothermal stage of formation of the deposits. Isotopic studies confirm a few consecutive stages of mineralization. These data were compared with the results of Sm-Nd dating of sulfide mineralization. The results of geochemical and geochronological studies indicate a complementarity in the context of determining the mineralization stages

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Remarks on the Tithonian-Berriasian ammonite biostratigraphy of west central Argentina

Riccardi A. C.

Volumina Jurassica

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2015

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Vol. 13, no. 2

23--52

EN

Status and correlation of Andean ammonite biozones are reviewed. Available calpionellid, nannofossil, and radiolarian data, as well as radioisotopic ages, are also considered, especially when directly related to ammonite zones. There is no attempt to deal with the definition of the Jurassic–Cretaceous limit. Correlation of the V. mendozanum Zone with the Semiforme Zone is ratified, but it is open to question if its lower part should be correlated with the upper part of the Darwini Zone. The Pseudolissoceras zitteli Zone is characterized by an assemblage also recorded from Mexico, Cuba and the Betic Ranges of Spain, indicative of the Semiforme–Fallauxi standard zones. The Aulacosphinctes proximus Zone, which is correlated with the Ponti Standard Zone, appears to be closely related to the overlying Windhauseniceras internispinosum Zone, although its biostratigraphic status needs to be reconsidered. On the basis of ammonites, radiolarians and calpionellids the Windhauseniceras internispinosum Assemblage Zone is approximately equivalent to the Suarites bituberculatum Zone of Mexico, the Paralytohoplites caribbeanus Zone of Cuba and the Simplisphinctes/Microcanthum Zone of the Standard Zonation. The C. alternans Zone could be correlated with the uppermost Microcanthum and “Durangites” zones, although in west central Argentina it could be mostly restricted to levels equivalent to the “Durangites Zone”. The Substeueroceras koeneni Zone ranges into the Occitanica Zone, Subalpina and Privasensis subzones, the A. noduliferum Zone could be equivalent to the Dalmasi Subzone, Occitanica Zone, to lower part of the Boissieri Zone, and the S. damesi Zone could range through the upper part of the Boissieri Zone to the lower part of the Pertransiens Zone. Division of the Substeueroceras koeneni Zone and a precise correlation between the Andean ammonite zones and the international standard require new systematic and stratigraphic studies.

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The oldest seafloor massive sulfide deposits at the Mid - Atlantic Ridge: 230th/u chronology and composition

Kuznetsov V., Tabuns E., Kuksa K., Cherkashov G., Maksimov F., Bel’Tenev V., Lazareva L., Zherebtsov I., Grigoriev V., Baranova N.

Geochronometria

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2015

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Vol. 42, no.1

100--106

EN

A geochronological and geochemical study on 10 samples of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) from the inactive Peterburgskoye hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) was carried out. The 230Th/U ages of the SMS are the oldest for the Quaternary hydrothermal ores ever found at the ocean floor. According to them the hydrothermal activity at Peterburgskoye field started at least 170 ka and continued down to 63 ka. The oldest hydrothermal ores from this field consist mainly of pyrite and chalcopyrite and have geochemical properties typical for SMS associated with basalts.

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Stability of monazite and disturbance of the Th-U-Pb system under experimental conditions of 250–350 °C and 200–400 MPa

Budzyń B., Konečný P., Kozub-Budzyń G. A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2015

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Vol. 85, No. 2

405--425

EN

This experimental study provides important data filling the gap in our knowledge on monazite stability under conditions of fluid-mediated low-temperature metamorphic alteration and post-magmatic hydrothermal alterations. The stability of monazite and maintenance of original Th-U-total Pb ages were tested experimentally under P-T conditions of 250–350 °C and 200–400 MPa over 20–40 days. The starting materials included the Burnet monazite + K-feldspar ± albite ± labradorite + muscovite + biotite + SiO2 + CaF2 and 2M Ca(OH)2 or Na2Si2O5 + H2O fluid. In the runs with 2M Ca(OH)2, monazite was unaltered. REE-enriched apatite formed at 350 °C and 400 MPa. The presence of the Na2Si2O5 + H2O fluid promoted the strong alteration of monazite, the formation of secondary REE-enriched apatite to fluorcalciobritholite, and the formation of REE-rich steacyite. Monazite alteration included the newly developed porosity, patchy zoning, and partial replacement by REE-rich steacyite. The unaltered domains of monazite maintained the composition of the Burnet monazite and its age of (or close to) ca. 1072 Ma, while the altered domains showed random dates in the intervals of 375–771 Ma (250 °C, 200 MPa run), 82–253 Ma (350 °C, 200 MPa), and 95–635 Ma (350 °C, 400 MPa). The compositional alteration and disturbance of the Th-U-Pb system resulted from fluid-mediated coupled dissolution-reprecipitation. In nature, such age disturbance in monazite can be attributed to post-magmatic alteration in granitic rocks or to metasomatic alteration during metamorphism. Recognition of potentially altered domains (dark patches in high-contrast BSE-imaging, developed porosity or inclusions of secondary minerals) is crucial to the application of Th-U-Pb geochronology.

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Mezoproterozoiczne złoże rud tytanomagnetytowych w suwalskim masywie anortozytowym i jego środowisko geologiczne

Wiszniewska J., Petecki Z.

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2014

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R. 55, nr 2-3

44-51

PL

Rudonośny suwalski masyw anortozytowy (SAM) razem z anortozytowym masywem Kętrzyna i norytową intruzją Sep, występują w obrębie 200 km długości magmowego terenu zwanego kompleksem mazurskim (NE Polska). Rozciągający się pasmowo w kierunku W-E proterozoiczny kompleks mazurski jest zbudowany z różnorodnych skał o składzie od kwaśnych przez pośrednie do zasadowych. Kwarcowe monzonity i granodioryty są najbardziej rozpowszechnionym typem skał w obrębie facji. Kompleks mazurski przecina kilka kompleksów metamorficznej facji granulitowej i amfibolitowej np. kompleks pomorski, dobrzyński, ciechanowski i mazowiecki. Złoża rud Fe-Ti-(V) w anortozytowym masywie suwalskim zostały odkryte we wczesnych latach 60-tych XX wieku, pod miąższym nadkładem fanerozoicznych skał osadowych w obrębie małych dodatnich anomalii magnetycznych, w rejonie Krzemionki, Udryna, Jeleniewa i Jeziora Okrągłego. Złoża te zostały udokumentowane przy pomocy ok. 100 głębokich otworom wiertniczych, do głębokości 2300 m, a zasoby oszacowane w kat. C1 i C2 na ok. 1,5 mld ton rudy tytanomagnetytowej z wanadem, głównie w polu rudnym Krzemionka i Udryn.

EN

The ore-bearing Suwałki Anorthosite Massif (SAM) together with the Kętrzyn Anorthosite Massif and Sejny norite intrusion are located within 200 km long magmatic terrane called Mazury Complex (NE Poland). The beltiform Proterozoic Mazury Complex is made up of a variety of rocks from felsic and intermidiate to the basic ones. The quartz monzonites and granodiorites are the most widespread rock type within the suite. The belt crosscuts several metamorphic granulite and amphibolite fades units, including Pomorian, Dobrzyń, Ciechanów and Mazovian. Large Fe-Ti-(V) ore deposits of Krzemionka, Udryń, Jeleniewo and Jezioro Okragle have been discovered in early 60-ties, within the small positive magnetic anomalies in the Suwałki Massif and evaluated down to the depth of 2300 m by over 100 boreholes yielding of about 1.5 bilion tons of economic reserves, mostly at Krzemionka and Udryn ore fields.

16

How to resolve Pleistocene stratigraphic problems by different methods? A case study from eastern Poland

Terpiłowski S., Zieliński T., Kusiak J., Pidek I.A., Czubla P., Hrynowiecka A., Godlewska A., Zieliński P., Małek M.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 2

235--250

EN

Different methods have been used to determine the stratigraphic position of Pleistocene alluvial deposits, particularly fluvial interglacial deposits. Near-surface deposits of a meandering river, developed in point-bar and oxbow lake facies, in the Samica River valley (near Łuków, eastern Poland) have been investigated. The fossil valley is incised into the till plain and the outwash. The fluvial succession is locally overlain by solifluction deposits. All the deposits underwent sedimentological analysis. The petrographic composition of basal till occurring in the vicinity of a fossil valley was determined with the method of indicator erratics. Fluvial deposits were examined by pollen analysis and plant macrofossil analysis of oxbow lake facies. Absolute dating methods were applied to the deposits (thermoluminescence methods: TL and additionally IRSL). Lithological differences between fluvial and the surrounding glaciofluvial deposits were identified and their lithostratigraphic position assigned. Petrographic analysis of till and palaeobotanical analyses of oxbow lake facies gave compatible results. Fluvial deposits were formed after the Sanian 2/Elsterian Glaciation, during the Mazovian/Holsteinian Interglacial. Luminescence dating of the fluvial deposits by the TLMAX method yielded the most relevant results (412-445 ka), which indicate that these deposits were formed during the end of the MIS 12 and beginning of the MIS 11 stage.

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SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Jawornik granitoids (West Sudetes, Poland)

Białek D

Geologia Sudetica

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2014

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Vol. 42

4--4

18

A palaeotemperature record for the Finnish Lakeland based on microdensitometric variations in tree rings

Helama S., Vartiainen M., Holopainen J., Mäkelä H. M., Kolström T., Meriläinen J.

Geochronometria

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2014

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Vol. 41, no. 3

265--277

EN

X-ray based tree-ring data of maximum latewood densities (MXD) was combined for south-eastern Finland. This data originated from subfossil and modern pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) materials comprising a continuous dendroclimatic record over the past millennium. Calibrating and verifying the MXD chronologies against the instrumental temperature data showed a promising opportunity to reconstruct warm-season (May through September) temperature variability. A new palaeotemperature record correlated statistically significantly with the long instrumental temperature records in the region and adjacent areas since the 1740s. Comparisons with tree-ring based (MXD and tree-ring width) reconstructions from northern Fennoscandia and northern Finland exhibited consistent summer temperature variations through the Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age, and the 20th century warmth. A culmination of the LIA cooling during the early 18th century appeared consistently with the Maunder Minimum, when the solar activity was drastically reduced. A number of coolest reconstructed events between AD 1407 and 1902 were coeval to years of crop failure and famine as documented in the agro-historical chronicles. Results indicate an encouraging possibility of warm-season temperature reconstructions using middle/south boreal tree-ring archives to detail and enhance the understanding of past interactions between humans, ecosystems and the earth.

19

K/Ar geochronology of igneous amphibole phenocrysts in Miocene to Pliocene volcaniclastics, Styrian Basin, Austria

Bojar H. P., Bojar A. V., Hałas S., Wójtowicz A.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 3

405–-416

EN

We present fifteen new K/Ar ages on amphibole phenocrysts of Neogene volcaniclastic rocks from the Styrian Basin, Austria. The westernmost sub-basin of the Pannonian Basin is the Styrian Basin, which hosts a large number of phreatomagmatic tuff occurrences beside Middle Miocene shield volcanoes and Pliocene effusive alkaline volcanic rocks. The investigated tuffs contain the well-known mantle xenoliths and frequent amphibole and pyroxene phenocrysts. The new K/Ar ages indicate that the Late Miocene phreatomagmatic volcanism started in Pontian (7.51 Ma) and ended in Romanian (2.73 Ma) times. The complete interval of the youngest volcanism in the Styrian Basin covers 5.8 Ma, similar to the volcanism of the western part of the Pannonian Basin and the Nógrád/Novohrad area (West Carpathians). The dated volcanic occurrences display NNW–SSE oriented arrays which are approximately parallel to the Auersbach basinal high zone. The new data indicate that the Late Miocene to Pliocene volcanism of the Styrian Basin is synchronous with the onset of a regional compressional event and eastward tilting of the Styrian basin fill.

20

Detailed protocol for an accurate non-destructive direct dating of tooth enamel fragment using Electron Spin Resonance

Joannes-Boyau R.

Geochronometria

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2013

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Vol. 40, no. 4

322--333

EN

In the context of human evolution, fossil remains are too valuable to be destroyed and any alteration should be kept to a minimum. The newly developed protocol on fossil fragments has open the gate for ‘virtually’ non-destructive ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) direct dating of human re-mains. The method allows the separation of unstable and interfering signals that were responsible for large dose underestimation. While a complete investigation of the ESR signal remains a complex task and requires numerous hours of manipulations, a rapid dose assessment protocol can be achieve with-out compromising the accuracy nor the integrity of the sample. The new protocol should be used for future dating regardless of the possibility of measuring powder.