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Geologia środowiska w PIG

Pasieczna Anna, Konon Agnieszka, Kostrz-Sikora Paulina

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 5

364--369

EN

Environmental geology deals with many issues closely relatedto the life of human beings. The most important directions of environmentalgeology developed in Poland include: geochemical mapping, environmental protection and waste management programs, and reclamation projects.Cartographic research was conducted using an appropriate scale of work, which enabled the determination of the geochemical background andanomalies throughout the whole country, in selected urban-industrialregions and in specific locations. Valuable information for the environment was also collected as a digital database in the form of a map at 1:50,000scale. Environmental protection programs are among the tools used to implement environmental protection policy at the level of administration of the commune, poviat and voivodship. When developing a document, the assessment of the state of the components of the environment is of key importance, as it is used to plan environmental strategies. Scientific and environmental data are used for evaluation.They must be analyzed and interpreted by experts. In addition to environmental protection programs, the Polish Geological Institutealso develops other documents on environmental issues. As part of the reclamation, liquidation of place of storage of hazardous plantprotection products was carried out all over the country and soils and landfills were cleaned.

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Geochemical mapping in the area of L’ubietova, Slovak Republic

Giera A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2012

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Vol. 38, no. 4

471--472

EN

L’ubietova is a village in the Banska Bystrica Region in the Slovak Republic. There is an old mining spot in its vicinity, where copper was extracted from the Bronze Age to the 19 century. Currently, the region is interesting by mineral collectors due to a p that can be found there, called libethenite. According to the literature (Kodera 1990, Duda & Paulis 2002) there are two areas of copper mineralization near L’ubietova, which differ in the occurrence of copper compounds formed with arsenic and phosphorus. The first deposit (Podlipa) is mainly known for its secondary-mineral paragenesis of copper phosphates, especially libethenite and pseudomalachite. On the second, (the Svatodusna deposit) diverse paragenesis of secondary arsenic minerals developed. The most characteristic of these arsenians are olivenite, euchroite and pharmaco siderite. Many scientific works concern the L’ubietova region (Andras et al. 2009, Rusko et al. 2009), however none of them has yet paid attention to the differentiation and the lateral distribution of copper-phosphorus and copper-arsenic mineralization and to the description of primary and secondary causes of the differentiation and the distribution. The aim of this study was to determine these phenomena and to optimise future analytical procedures, which would allow the local copper mineralization to be examined thoroughly. The project was based on the assumption that surface geochemical mapping will help to establish the range of copper mineralization in two areas distinct from each other if regard to the copper compounds. In order to draw up appropriate methodology, it was necessary to conduct research that included terrain inspection, preliminary sampling and analysis of soil specimens and dump-field material in regard to the content of copper, phosphorus and arsenic. The field study was based on extracting three soil specimens and two dump-field material samples along the profile line. Their chemical composition was later analysed by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and their mineral composition was determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The preliminary examination confirmed the existence of lateral differentiation of copper mineralization, which was proved by establishing the differentiation of samples' content of copper, phosphorus and arsenic along the profile line.

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Metale ciężkie w glebach powiatu warszawskiego zachodniego

Lis J., Pasieczna A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 2

161-165

EN

The geochemical soil survey in administrative district Warsaw–West was arranged with 1x1 km grid pattern while the field work of particular interest (the former Cable Work in Ożarów Mazowiecki) followed the more detailed grid 100 100 m. Samples were leached with HCl (1:4); than AAS and ICP–AES) determinations of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were made. The geochemical survey reveals that occurerence of heavy metals in forest and agricultural soils is similar to the regional geochemical background. Small towns (Błonie and Leszno) with associated transport system and emissions of dust and gases from coal burning households are local sources of soil pollution with copper, lead and zinc. Geochemical anomalies related to industry have been dicovered in towns Łomianki and Ożarów Mazowiecki. Areas with high arsenic and chromium as well as zinc, lead and copper concentration were found in the environs of former tannery at Łomianki. Former Cable Work in Ożarów Mazowiecki is the main source of anthropogenic pollution of soils by copper and lead while the the soils around the glass smelter are significantly polluted by lead.

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Szczegółowe kartowanie geochemiczne na Górnym Śląsku

Lis J., Pasieczna A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska

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2005

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z. 267

173-182

PL

Systematyczne prace z zakresu kartografii geochemicznej prowadzone na szeroką skalę od roku 1991 w Państwowym Instytucie Geologicznym pozwoliły na identyfikację anomalii w środowiskach powierzchniowych Ziemi zarówno na terenie całego kraju, jak i w poszczególnych regionach. Wykazały ponadto, że najpilniejszym zadaniem jest szczegółowe kartowanie geochemiczne na obszarze Górnego Śląska i terenów przyległych (około 2400 km2). W rejonie tym wyznaczonym zasięgiem najsilniejszych anomalii kadmu, ołowiu i cynku podjęto w roku 1996 realizację "Szczegółowej mapy geochemicznej Górnego Śląska" (SMGGŚ). Zdjęcie obejmuje prace na terenie 33 arkuszy w skali 1:25 000 i przewidziane jest do opracowania w ciągu kilkunastu najbliższych lat.

EN

Polish Geological Institute started in year 1991 geochemical mapping survey focused mainly on the issue of the Earth's surface environmental protection in Poland-soils, waters and water sediments. Geochemical mapping of Poland and cartographic works at regional scalę were conducted. The studies indicate that the most urgent task of geochemical mapping at he moment is realization the geochemical maps at the scale 1: 25 000 in the areas of Pb-Cd-Zn anomalies in Upper Silesia region (aprox. 2400 km2). Detailed geochemical mapping area cover 33 map sheets.

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Anthropogenic soils pollution within the Legnica-Głogów copper district

Lis J., Pasieczna A.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2005

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Vol. 17

42-48

EN

The industrial complex of the Legnica-Głogów Copper District (LGCD) with two copper smelters, tailings ponds, a few shafts, and copper ore reloading facilities are the main sources responsible for pollution of soils with heavy metals. A geochemical soil survey was conducted in the LGCD in 1996. The survey was arranged with a 1x1 km grid pattern while the field work in the regions of particular interest (of copper smelting industry and copper mining) followed the more detailed grid pattern of 500x500 m. Samples were leached with aqua regia; next, using the ICP-AES method, determinations of Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Sr, V, and Zn concentrations were made. As far as Hg was concerned, its concentration was measured using the CV-AAS method. Sieve analysis and laser method were employed to define grain-size composition of soils. The geochemical survey of the LGCD area soils revealed that occurrence of elements such as Al, Co, Cd, Mg, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti, and V was mainly related to the structure of geological basement. Mining, ore processing, and copper ore smelting were the main sources of anthropogenic pollution of soils by copper and lead as well as by silver arsenic, zinc, cobalt, and nickel (to smaller degree). Other local sources of soil pollution were towns with associated industry, transport system, and local emissions of dust and gases from coal burning households and local heating plants. Geochemical anomalies that are related to the copper industry cover vast areas with high copper and lead concentrations in the "Głogów" and "Legnica" copper smelters environs. Increased content of other elements, such as silver, arsenic, zinc, cobalt, and nickel occurs within copper-lead anomalies areas. Urban soils in Legnica and Głogów, in the areas affected by smelters, are significantly polluted with copper and lead.

PL

Kompleks przemysłowy Legnicko-Głogowskiego Okręgu Miedziowego (LGOM-u), na który składają się kopalnie rud miedzi, dwie huty miedzi, zakłady przeróbcze i osadniki odpadów poflotacyjnych, jest głównym źródłem zanieczyszczenia gleb tego rejonu. Opróbowanie gleb na terenie LGOM-u przeprowadzono w 1996 r. stosując gęstość podstawową 1x1 km oraz zagęszczenia do siatki 500x500 m w rejonach hut i obszarach górnictwa miedziowego. Próbki gleb trawiono wodą królewską, a następnie oznaczano w nich zawartość Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Sr, V i Zn metodą ICP-AES. Analizy Hg przeprowadzono metodą CV-AAS, a oznaczenia składu granulometrycznego wykonano metodą sitową w połączeniu z laserowym pomiarem wielkości cząstek. Badania geochemiczne ujawniły, że spośród analizowanych pierwiastków można wydzielić te, które związane są przede wszystkim ze składem chemicznym skał macierzystych (Al, Co, Cd, Mg, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti i V). Wydobycie rud miedzi, ich przeróbka i procesy hutnicze są głównym źródłem zanieczyszczenia gleb miedzią i ołowiem, szczególnie w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie hut. W glebach na terenie rozległych anomalii miedzi i ołowiu wokół hut obserwuje się również podwyższone ilości srebra, arsenu, cynku, kobaltu i niklu. W obszarach miejskich kontaminacja pochodzi również z emisji innych gałęzi przemysłu, transportu, elektrociepłowni i palenisk domowych. Gleby miejskie Legnicy i Głogowa w obszarach narażonych na emisje z hut są znacznie wzbogacone w miedź i ołów.