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2 Landform Analysis

2 2011

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Zapis procesów prehistorycznej antropopresji w otoczeniu stanowiska archeologicznego w Bruszczewie (centralna Wielkopolska) na podstawie badań osadów rynny glacjalnej Samicy

Hildebrandt-Radke I., Janczak-Kostecka B., Spychalski W.

Landform Analysis

2011

Vol. 16

87-91

The sedimentological, geochemical and diatomological research into the core taken from the fossil lake located in the glacial channel of Samica river prove the increasing anthropogenization of the landscape in the microregion surrounding the settlement in Bruszczewo. Anthropogenic indices of the Early Bronze Period in the palynological research include: high decline in the percentage of tree pollens caused by deforestation, indicators of grazing animals and farming as well as noticeable eutrophication of the lake (fungal spores and algae thriving on dung, droppings and excrement). In the sedimentological research, cultural layers correspond with accelerated mineral sedimentation in the basin (mediumand fine-grained sands). Each time it is preceded with organic sedimentation (from humus levels). Above results might signify the initiation of erosion-denudation processes in the catchment, settled and economically exploited by individual cultural groups. Results of the anthropogenic activity are visible also in the geochemical composition of the deposits. Cultural layers are marked with increased percentage of heavy metals, while the Cu : Pb : Zn ratios suggest their anthropogenic character. Additionally, the increase in phosphorus percentage confirms eutrophication of the basin in the settlement periods, that is in the Early and Late Bronze, and Early and Roman Iron Ages.

Regionalna wymowa procesów antropogenizacji regionu środkowej Obry na podstawie badań osadów jeziora Wonieść

Hildebrandt-Radke I., Spychalski W., Lutyńska M.

Landform Analysis

2011

Vol. 16

92-97

The study was aimed at anthropogenization processes of the Kościan Plain. They are noticeable in local palynological diagrams (eg. at the archaeological site in Bruszczewo) as well as on settlement maps of the Polish Archaeological Record Project. The goal was to determine whether the processes were perceptible also in a regional scale, in deposits of the biggest water body in the examined area, located 15 km to the east from Bruszczewo. Anthropogenic participation in changes of plant cover is clearly visible in the local diagram from Bruszczewo. While compared with the mentioned, anthropogenic influence in deposits of Wonieść Lake is rather inconspicuous. In the Neolithic and Early Bronze Periods, percentage of herbaceous plants (amount of grasses and herbs) maintained the level of 10%. Increase in NAP is marked not earlier than in the Roman Iron Age, and then from the Early Middle Ages until the present time (Dörfler, to be published soon). Comparison of palynological results to sedimentological analyses indicates that periods of increased values of CerealiaandPlantago lanceolataindices are correlated with inflow of mineral material to lacustrine water body. Larger fractions were observed there i.e. fine- and medium-grained sands, and even gravels as well as organic matter. In the geochemical record for the same periods, an increased percentage of trace elements can be visible (however their distinctive escalation is manifested not earlier than in the Middle Ages). These changes are accompanied by intensified eutrophication index (phosphorus percentage) as well as by occurrence of diatoms, which prefer eutrophic conditions.