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Some Generalized Estimating Equations Models Based on Causality Tests for Investigation of the Economic Growth of the Country Groups

Yonar Harun, İyit Neslihan

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 46, No. 3

297--315

EN

In this study, investigation of the economic growth of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and the countries in different income groups in the World Data Bank is conducted by using causality analyses and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) which is an extension of Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). Eight different macro-economic, energy and environmental variables such as the gross domestic product (GDP) (current US$), CO2 emission (metric tons per capita), electric power consumption (kWh per capita), energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita), imports of goods and services (% of GDP), exports of goods and services (% of GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI) and population growth rate (annual %) have been used. These countries have been categorized according to their OECD memberships and income groups. The causes of the economic growth of these countries belonging to their OECD memberships and income groups have been determined by using the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. Furthermore, various GEE models have been established for the economic growth of these countries belonging to their OECD membership and income groups in the aspect of the above variables. These various GEE models for the investigation of the economic growth of these countries have been compared to examine the contribution of the causality analyses to the statistical model establishment. As a result of this study, the highlight is found as the use of causally-related variables in the causality-based GEE models is much more appropriate than in the non-causality based GEE models for determining the economic growth profiles of these countries.

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Anatomical factors of human respiratory tract influencing volume flow rate and number of particles arriving at each bronchus

Watanabe Jobu, Watanabe Mariko

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 39, no. 2

526--535

EN

Inhalants, such as bronchodilators, are often used to treat asthma. Numerical simulation can be applied to quantitatively evaluate the transport and deposition of medicinal particulates in the respiratory tract. In this study, numerical simulation of an airflow including particles in a tracheobronchial model was conducted based on a computed tomography (CT) image of a human respiratory tract, and then the anatomical factors of the airway that influence the volume flow rate and the number of particles arriving at each bronchus were investigated. The oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and intra-thoracic central airways of up to seven generations were modeled from the CT image. The airflow was simulated by large eddy simulation using OpenFOAM ver. 2.3.1. The particle transport was calculated in a Lagrangian manner. Statistical analysis was performed on the results of computational fluid dynamics simulation. It was found that the cross-sectional area of the outlet boundary, the total distance of the center line of the respiratory tract between the carina and the outlet boundary, and the angles between each bronchus and the trachea have large influences on the volume flow rate at each outlet. These influences increase almost linearly as the inhalation flow rate increases. The outlet area and the total angle markedly influenced the number of arriving particles. Larger particles are more likely to be influenced by the angle at which the direction of the particle is deflected. As the inhalation flow rate increases, the influence of the total angle increases and that of the outlet area decreases in all particle conditions.

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Techniques of nominal data analyses

Stanisz A., Broniatowska E

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2012

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Vol. 8, no. 2

237--254

EN

Several advanced techniques for statistical analysis of nominal data were discussed to show how interesting associations between examined variables can be obtained using correspondence analysis, logistic regression and log-linear models. All these techniques are introduced on the example of medical data connected with the patients being on the curative diet. The studied data concerns four nominal variables: breaking the diet, overcoming diseases requiring the curative diet, sex and age of patient. Applied analyses were used for searching which of factors mentioned above influence on breaking the diet. The most popular technique in this case, chi-squared test of independence, indicates that only the age and illnesses overcoming before are related with breaking the diet whereas the sex is factor which does not have any relationship with the diet breaking. However, the deeper analysis revealed that we can not omit this variable in our research. Application of more compound statistical methods show the importance of age and sex in breaking the curative diet in detail. Presented methodology can be successfully applied not only in medicine but to data coming from different branches of science as well.

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Uogólniony model liniowy jako narzędzie badania postępu technicznego

Dąbkowski J., Molenda K., Roczkowska-Chmaj S.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2003

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R. 7, nr 9

215--220

PL

Wykorzystując uogólniony model liniowy przeprowadzono analizę wskaźników technicznego uzbrojenia gospodarstw. Zastosowane podejście, W odróżnieniu od wcześniejszych prac [Dąbkowski, Roczkowska-Chmaj, 1999, 2001, Dąbkowski, Kowalski. Michałek, 2001] umożliwia badanie więcej niż dwóch grup wartości zmiennej zależnej oraz daje możliwość wyboru kilku rodzajów funkcji wiążących. W niniejszej pracy analizowano trzy grupy wartości wskaźnika technicznego uzbrojenia i efektywności technicznego uzbrojenia [Michalek i in. 1998].

EN

Using a generalized linear model, an analysis of the technical equipment ratios of farms was performed. The used approach, as opposed to previous works [Dąbkowski, Roczkowska-Chmaj, 1990, 2001, Dąbkowski, Kowalski, Michałek, 2001] allows for testing more than two value groups of the dependent variable and gives a possibility of selecting several types of linking functions. In the current work, three groups were alalysed for the technical equipment ratio and the technical equipment efficiency ratio (according to Michałek [1998]).