To answer the question whether and what is the impact of flooding of abandoned hard coal mines in the USCB (Upper Silesian Coal Basin) on the threat to general safety, it is necessary to refer to the essence of the problem, which is the flooding of closed mines and the impact of this processon the geological surroundings and the land surface. It is also necessary to be aware of what the terms threat and general safety mean. Thus, we will not answer the fundamental question prompted by the title, without characterizing the causes, course and consequences, as well as the connections, of hydrogeological processes with processes in the field of rock mechanics and safety, which we tried to present in the article. At the same time, the disclosure and subsequent occurrence of interconnections of hydrogeological and geomechanical processes leading to threats in post-mining areas would not be possible if these were not for the mining activities within the designated range of mining area. The key to explaining the causes, course and consequences of processes leading to hazards in post-mining areas is to understand the cause and effect a sequence of events, from granting a license to extracta mineral from a deposit to decision about underground coal mine closure. Processes and phenomena that occur after the closure of a mine and decommissioning its drainage system lead to various hazards, such as water hazards, sinkholes, flood hazards, mine gas outflows, etc. They are a consequence of previous mining activity and the overlapping and differentiation of various conditions (technical and geological) that change during the successive stages of the mine flooding process. Based on the experience from 20-30 years ago and on the hazards to the land surface in the flooded former Maria coal mine, it can be seen that these issues still constitute existing, although somewhat forgotten, knowledge that remains undeveloped and unnoticed to this day (caving hazard in the former Siersza coal mine). Hence, the article attempts to characterize and explain, as well as recall and discuss, some of the consequences of drainage system decommissioning and an underground mine closure by completely flooding its mining workings.
Artykuł przedstawia współdziałanie organów samorządu terytorialnego i nadzoru górniczego oraz zakładu górniczego w zakresie likwidacji zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa powszechnego ze strony zapadliska o nieustalonej genezie, jakie ujawniło się w Jankowicach w 2015 r., a następnie reaktywowało w 2016 r.
EN
A subsidence created in October 2015 in Jankowice, in the form of a cone with a diameter of ca. 12 m and a depth of 7 m. It has been shown upon the examination carried out by the District Mining Office in Rybnik that the subsidence area is not affected by mining operations, and the excavation that could result in deformations in this area was carried out until 1992. The findings did not allow for a clear determination of the cause of the subsidence. The subsidence was filled with aggregate produced from a gangue. The subsidence reactivated in September 2016. Geological survey carried out by the PGI-NRI Carpathian Branch also did not provide a direct cause of the formation of the subsidence. It was recommended to exclude from the development of the area where the subsidence occurred and to develop geological and engineering documentation as well as a construction design on the basis of such documentation - if it is planned to construct buildings or structures in the area of subsidence. The subsidence was filled up again and the area was subject to surveying monitoring. Finally, in collaboration with: Świerklany Commune Office, Poviat Starosty in Rybnik, the management of “Jankowice” colliery and the District Mining Office in Rybnik, it was possible to remove the hazard promptly by filling the subsidence with excavation waste.
W referacie przedstawiono zakres stosowania środków strzałowycii w zakładacii górniczycti, kompetencje organów nadzoru w stosunku do podmiotów wprowadzających do obrotu i używającycli środki strzałowe, opisano wybraną działalność tych organów, zagrożenia związane ze stosowaniem materiałów wybuchowych oraz przedstawiono wypadkowość w reprezentatywnym okresie czasu. Autorzy referatu w oparciu o analizę przedstawionego materiału, doświadczeń z przeprowadzanych inspekcji i kontroli proponują podjęcie odpowiednich działań profilaktycznych w celu ograniczenia i wyeliminowania zdarzeń związanych ze stosowaniem środków strzałowych w zakładach górniczych.
EN
This paper shows the range of blasting means usage in mining plants, the competences of supervision organs in relation of blasting means, it was described chosen activity of these organs, hazards connected with usage of explosives and the accident rate. The authors of paper show suitable solutions to prevent and eliminate accidents.
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Obserwacje na zlikwidowanych częściach obszarów górniczych sygnalizują możliwości pojawiania się gazów kopalnianych przy powierzchni terenu. Analiza zależności pojawiających się stężeń gazów podglebowych wskazuje na pewną zależność wielkości stężeń CO2 a pojawianiem się wolnego metanu i wodorowęglanów w wodach. Artykuł przedstawia możliwości ograniczenia emisji CO2 na powierzchnię obszaru górniczego.
EN
The observations of liqudated parts of mining areas indicate the possibilities of appearing mine gases at a surface of terrain. The analysis of dependence of appearing undersoil gases concentrations shows some dependence of CO2 concentrations and appearing free methane and in waters. The article describes possibilitis of limitation of CO2 emission on surface of mining area.
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