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Różnorodność biotyczna dobrostanem ludzkości

Knutelski S.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2018

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T. 22, cz. 1

27--38

PL

Praca przedstawia rozumienie terminu „biodiversity” oraz koncepcję różnorodności biotycznej wraz z jej trzema podstawowymi poziomami, podając odpowiednie przykłady. Podkreślono znaczenie bioróżnorodności gwarantującej człowiekowi dobrostan oraz rozwój gospodarczy i wypoczynek, jednocześnie sygnalizując zagrożenia wynikające z niewłaściwej działalności człowieka, szczególnie w rolnictwie.

EN

The paper presents an understanding of the word “biodiversity” and the concept of biodiversity along with its three basic levels, giving adequate examples. Biodiversity as human welfare was emphasized that guarantees a decent life for man, as well as economic development and leisure, while at the same time signaling threats resulting from improper human activity, especially in agriculture.

2

Genus-level versus species-level extinction rates

Trammer J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

261--265

EN

The average extinction rates of index species per m. y. are computed by means of a count-of-biozones metric (Trammer 2014). These rates and the average extinction rates of genera belonging to biostratigraphically important groups, calculated according to three different methods, show congruent rises and falls from the Cambrian to the Neogene. The extinction rates of genera are, thus, a relatively good predictor of species extinction rates.

3

Predicting current and future invasion of Solidago canadensis; a study from China

Xu Z., Peng H., Feng Z., Abdulsalih N.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 2

263--271

EN

Solidago canadensis, which is native to North America, is considered to be the most widespread invasive alien plant. The invasion of Solidago canadensis in China has resulted in serious environmental problems. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the geographical distribution of S. canadensis and bioclimatic variables, and then predicting the potential distribution of this species is essential for management actions and practices. Although several studies have delineated the potential distribution of S. canadensis in China, how this species would respond to variations in future climatic conditions remains unclear. In the present study, we predicted the potential distribution of S. canadensis under current and future climatic conditions using species distribution models. We also analyzed range shifting of this species under current and future climatic conditions. We arrived at several conclusions. First, the potential distribution of S. canadensis may expand 40% under future climatic condition compare with that of under current condition. Second, mean diurnal range, isothermality, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation) are key bioclimatic variables in determine the potential distribution of S. canadensis. Third, expansion of S. canadensis can be partly attributed to the relatively warmer and wetter future bioclimatic condition than current one.

4

Diversity and abundance of bird communities in three mountain forest stands : effect of the habitat heterogeneity

Balaz M., Balazova M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 3

629-634

EN

The structural composition of the forest habitats is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the breeding bird community composition. Structurally more homogenous forests are usually characterized by lower number of bird species and their densities. This study presents results of a comparison of the breeding bird communities in three Carpathian mountain forests, and the effect of the forest composition on breeding bird species richness and density. There are the bird communities occurring in semi-natural forests: natural mixed forest (NMF) - spruce-beech forest situated ca. 1000 m a.s.l. and UFZ-spruce forest in the upper forest zone (UFZ) up to 1510 m a.s.l., and the managed spruce forest (MSF) at altitude which is similar to NMF. The territory mapping method was used to estimate the number of breeding species and their densities during years 2004-2006. The species richness as well as the density of breeding bird communities were found to be higher in the semi-natural habitats (33 breeding species; 64.6 breeding pairs 10[^-1] ha in NMF and 28 breeding species; 57.6 breeding pairs 10[^-1] ha in UFZ) than in the managed habitat (21 breeding species; 53.6 breeding pairs 10[^-1] ha). This was true even for the high-elevated study plot despite the fact that the altitude is usually negatively correlated with both the species richness and density.