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Seismic modelling as a tool for optimization of downhole microseismic monitoring array

Pasternacki A., Święch E., Maćkowski T.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

2016

Vol. 42, no. 1

112--113

Hydraulic fracturing processes employed to release natural gas accumulations trapped in shale formation causes cracks in fractured media occurred as microseismic events. Those events can be detected with either surface or downhole monitoring technique. One of the advantages of downhole microseismic monitoring technique is the relative high detection moment magnitude threshold, compared to surface and quasi surface arrays (Maxwell 2014). The epicenters of detected microseismic events are located with certain accuracies (Eisner et al. 2010). The uncertainties in location are mainly caused by simplification of a very complex geological structure, geometry of the monitoring network, arrival time pick uncertainty and naturally selected processing method. The correct assessment of macroseismic events locations with their uncertainties is the key to proper interpretation of the results. In this study, authors present an analysis of optimizing geometry of the downhole microseismic monitoring array minimalizing location error and taking into account level of detectability. To achieve this goal, several different downhole array geometries were tested. The study is located in Northern Poland where active exploration of shale gas deposits takes place. In the investigated area three wells are located, one vertical (W-1) and two horizontal, which have been drilled in the same azimuths but different direction and slightly different depths (W3H – deeper and W2Hbis – shallower). As there is possibility that these wells will be stimulated in close period of time, the chosen array placed in the monitoring well should be optimal for depths. As Eisner stated in his work, best downhole array should have to consist of 3C sensors placed below and above of the planed depths of stimulation to reduce uncertainty of the event locations (Eisner et al. 2009). Both treatment wells have relatively high horizontal distance, which results with high distance between receivers and possible events (in ranges between 500 m to 1700 m), which is quite high compared to literature examples (Warpiński & Natl 1994). To perform this analysis, GeoTomo MiVu TM Microseismic Processing System was used, which includes a Vecon modeling engine. This software has been granted to AGH UST for research and educational purposes. The passive seismic modelling was done with GRTM method (generalized reflection transmission coefficients) (Kennet 1980). This kind of mixed procedure is relatively fast to perform and allows checking many different configurations of downhole array. Based on the 3D seismic survey provided by PGNiG in the investigated area authors have decided to use simple layered velocity model which sufficiently describes the local geological conditions. The synthetic microseismic events were located using TGS (Traveltime Grid Search) algorithm available in MiVu software. Based on presented analysis authors were able to choose optimal geometry of downhole micro seismic array for both prospective intervals which fulfill condition of being good compromise between costs and location accuracy of possible events.

Geologiczna analiza akumulacji gazu w czerwonym spągowcu w oparciu o warunki hydrogeologiczne i własności kolektorskie wybranych złóż niecki zielonogórskiej

Piesik W., Zamojcin J.

Nafta-Gaz

2004

R. 60, nr 3

139-143

Złoża niecki zielonogórskiej charakteryzują się tym, że akumulacja gazu występuje w piaskowcowych osadach saksonu. Złoża tego rejonu są typu masywowego, ale niektóre z nich w trakcie eksploatacji mogą zachowywać się jak złoża warstwowe. Utwory czerwonego spągowca zalegają niezgodnie na sfałdowanym i zerodowanym podłożu karbońskim. Reprezentują podpiętra autunu i saksonu. Osady saksonu wykształcone są jako seria piaskowcowo-zlepieńcowata. Wśród utworów piaskowcowych występują cienkie pakiety iłowców lub mułowców. Akumulacja gazu w złożach ma miejsce w przystropowych partiach utworów saksonu, które tworzą brachyantyklinalne wyniesienia.

The paper presents analysis accumulation, hydrogeologic conditions and reservoir performerance of the gas field Wilków, Czeszów, Brzostowo, Żuchlów and Wierzchowice in Rotliegend series, Saxsanian, located in Zielona Góra basin.