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EN
Background: The paper is devoted to mobile robot design problems with a focus on exteroceptive sensor systems for operation in a mixed environment (indoor with outdoor possibility). With a view to the design for logistics, the important concerns are, among others, minimization of the number of parts, reduction of weight, and reduction of dimensions. One of the challenges that arise here is the consideration of environmental factors, which vary among different application systems. It is necessary to reach a compromise between operational requirements and costs involved. Therefore, the relevance of the environmental factors should be evaluated to divide them into those that should be addressed and those that can be ignored. This will translate into the selection of sensors in sufficient quantity to provide the requirements without excessiveness. Methods: We propose a novel three-stage method for assessing the relevance of environmental factors using fuzzy logic with occurrence, recovery, and impact level consideration. We take into account the impact level of each factor on the entire sensor system, restoration of functions lost completely or partially as a result of the factor (recovery), and the frequency of factor occurrence. Results: The identified environmental factors, evaluated in term of their relevance are hierarchized from the most to the least relevant. The application of the method is presented on the basis of an autonomous forklift for indoor and outdoor use. Conclusions: Based on the proposed method, it is possible to design a sensor system with consideration of any operation environment. The three-criteria method allows evaluation of any factor influencing sensor system on a five-point scale, both in terms of occurrence and severity (understood as impact level effect and recovery time). By evaluating the factors and thus prioritizing them using our method, only the most important factors from the designer's point of view can be taken into account. This can translate into minimizing the number of sensors and thus cost reduction and shorter implementation time.
EN
Ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic is not only health crisis but the economic challenge. The future of society depends on how successfully the authorities find a balance between imposition of stringent restrictions and economic development. Tax policies play a role in reducing losses caused by the COVID-19 lockdowns. All countries are taking tax measures to mitigate the impact of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on society. While the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been defeated, it is too early to draw conclusions about which tax measures against the effects of COVID-19 are efficient. On the other hand, correct trajectory of economic recovery can be missed if not to analyze the other countries experience. The object of this study is tax measures in the European countries against the effects of COVID-19. The subject of the study is the fuzzy set theory to assess the efficiency of tax measures in the European countries against the effects of COVID-19. The aim of the study is to find out which European countries have been more succeeded in tax measures implementing and type of their immediate crisis response. The analysis is carried out in 29 European countries. The result of the study allows to state that the number of tax measures against the effects of COVID-19 does not affect their efficiency and the most popular type of immediate crisis response has been the business cash-flow enhances.
PL
Trwająca globalna pandemia COVID-19 to nie tylko kryzys zdrowotny, ale także wyzwanie gospodarcze. Przyszłość społeczeństw zależy od tego, jak skutecznie władze osiągną równowagę między nakładaniem surowych ograniczeń a rozwojem gospodarczym. Polityka podatkowa odgrywa rolę w ograniczaniu strat spowodowanych przez ograniczenia związane z Covid-19. Wszystkie kraje podejmują inicjatywy podatkowe w celu złagodzenia wpływu pandemii Covid-19 na społeczeństwo. Chociaż pandemia COVID-19 nie została jeszcze pokonana, jest zbyt wcześnie, aby wyciągać wnioski na temat tego, które środki podatkowe przeciwko skutkom COVID-19 są skuteczne. Z drugiej strony można przeoczyć prawidłową trajektorię ożywienia gospodarczego. Przedmiotem tego badania są inicjatywy podatkowe podejmowane w krajach europejskich przeciwko skutkom COVID-19. Przedmiotem badania jest teoria zbiorów rozmytych wykorzystana do oceny skuteczności środków podatkowych w krajach europejskich wobec skutków COVID-19. Celem badania jest ustalenie, które kraje europejskie odniosły większe sukcesy we wdrażaniu środków podatkowych oraz rodzaju ich natychmiastowej reakcji na kryzys. Analiza prowadzona jest w 29 krajach europejskich. Wynik badania pozwala stwierdzić, że liczba inicjatyw podatkowych przeciwko skutkom COVID-19 nie wpływa na ich skuteczność, a najpopularniejszym rodzajem natychmiastowej reakcji na kryzys jest zwiększenie przepływów pieniężnych przedsiębiorstw.
EN
Selecting a suitable outsourcing service provider is a challenging problem that requires discussion among a group of experts. The problems of this type belongs to the area of multicriteria decision-making. Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, which are an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, are a capable tool in modeling uncertain problems. In this paper we will formulate an optimal interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy multicriteria decision-making problem in outsourcing and propose a new approach for the selection of the most appropriate candidates; as well as a software program for its automated solution, based on our previous libraries. As an example of a case study, an application of the algorithm on real data from a refinery is demonstrated.
EN
Although new techniques are added to multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques every day, fuzzy applications of current and proven methods also take a large place in the literature. The main subject of this study is to propose an extension of Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFS), which are useful to overcome the uncertainty in multi-criteria decision processes, to the well-known Analytical Network Process (ANP) technique. For this purpose, an empirical application of the proposed method was carried out in defining criteria weights of the warehouse location selection problem in the medical sector.
5
Content available remote Intuitionistic Fuzzy Transportation Problem by Zero Point Method
EN
The transportation problems (TPs) support the optimal management of the transport deliveries. In classical TPs the decision maker has information about the crisp values of the transportation costs, availability and demand of the products. Sometimes in the parameters of TPs in real life there is ambiguity and vagueness caused by uncontrollable market factors. Uncertain values can be represented by fuzzy sets (FSs) of Zadeh. The FSs have the degrees of membership and nonmembership. The concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) originated in 1983 as an extension of FSs. Atanasov’s IFSs also have a degree of hesitansy to representing the obscure environment. In this paper we formulate the TP, in which the transportation costs, supply and demand values are intuitionistic fuzzy pairs (IFPs), depending on the diesel prices, road condition, weather and other factors. Additional constraints are included in the problem: limits for the transportation costs. Its main objective is to determine the quantities of delivery from producers to buyers to maintain the supply and demand requirements at the cheapest transportation costs. The aim of the paper is to extend the fuzzy zero point method (FZPM [35]) to the intuitionistic FZPM (IFZPM) to find an optimal solution of the intuitionistic fuzzy TP (IFTP) using the IFSs and index matrix (IM) concepts, proposed by Atanassov. The solution algorithm is demonstrated by a numerical example. Its optimal solution is compared with that obtained by the intuitionistic fuzzy zero suffix method (IFZSM).
6
Content available remote Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hamiltonian Cycle by Index Matrices
EN
In this paper, the algorithm for finding a Hamiltonian cycle in an intuitionistic fuzzy graph (IFG) is proposed, based on the theories of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and of index matrices (IMs). The aim of the paper is to extend the algorithm to find a fuzzy Hamiltonian cycle (FHC) in an IFG to the intuitionistic fuzzy (IFHC) using the IFSs and IMs concepts. An intuitionistic fuzzy graph example about network of Wizz air airlines is modeled by the extended IM to illustrate the proposed algorithm. In the paper also are introduced for the first time three index-type operations over IMs.
7
Content available remote Generating Fuzzy Linguistic Summaries for Menstrual Cycles
EN
This paper presents a method of generating linguistic summaries of women's menstrual cycles based on the set of concepts describing various aspects of the cycles. These concepts enable description of menstrual cycles that are readable for humans, but they also provide high-level information that can be used as control input for other data processing actions such as e.g. anomaly detection. The labels signifying these concepts are assigned to cycles by means of multivariate time series analysis. The corresponding algorithm is a subsystem of a bigger solution created as a part of an R&D project.
8
Content available remote Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Fuzzy Transport Modelling
EN
Public transport plays an important role in our live. The good service is very important. Up to 1000 km, trains and buses play the main role in the public transport. The number of the people and which kind of transport they prefer is important information for transport operators. In this paper is proposed algorithm for transport modelling and passenger flow, based on Ant Colony Optimization method. The problem is described as multi-objective optimization problem. There are two optimization purposes: minimal transportation time and minimal price. Some fuzzy element is included. When the price is in a predefined interval it is considered the same. Similar for the starting traveling time. The aim is to show how many passengers will prefer train and how many will prefer buses according their preferences, the price or the time.
EN
The paper proposes a methodology for fuzzy multi-criteria analysis of decisions in a raster-based geographical information system (GIS) to determine the optimal locations for territorial objects. Recommendations about the stages of choosing alternatives for spatial and non-spatial constraints are given. It is shown that the fuzzyfication of criteria, that is, the conversion of their attribute values into a fuzzy set, based on expert evaluation of a fuzzy membership function, allows screening alternatives by determining thresholds of alpha-cut of fuzzy sets for each criterion, followed by combining criteria attributes using aggregation operators: minimum, maximum, weighted sum, OWA operator Jager. Adding to the procedure of multicriteria analysis of the additional stage of filtration of alternatives gives the opportunity to reduce the number of alternatives, and in the future and the processing time of the criteria layers by aggregator operators. The proposed algorithm for screening alternatives can be performed in a GIS environment using Fuzzy Membership, Overlay and raster calculators tools.
10
Content available remote Information granule system induced by a perceptual system
EN
Knowledge represented in the semantic network, especially in the Semantic Web, can be expressed in attributive language AL. Expressions of this language are interpreted in different theories of information granules: set theory, probability theory, possible data sets in the evidence systems, shadowed sets, fuzzy sets or rough sets. In order to unify the interpretations of expressions for different theories, it is assumed that expressions of the AL language can be interpreted in a chosen relational system called a granule system. In this paper, it is proposed to use information granule database and it is also demonstrated that this database can be induced by the measurement system of the adequacy of information retrieval, called a perceptual system. It can simplify previous formal description of the information granule system significantly. This paper also shows some examples of inducing rough and fuzzy granule databases by some perceptual systems.
EN
Producing reliable and accurate estimates of software effort remains a difficult task in software project management, especially at the early stages of the software life cycle where the information available is more categorical than numerical. In this paper, we conducted a systematic mapping study of papers dealing with categorical data in software development effort estimation. In total, 27 papers were identified from 1997 to January 2019. The selected studies were analyzed and classified according to eight criteria: publication channels, year of publication, research approach, contribution type, SDEE technique, Technique used to handle categorical data, types of categorical data and datasets used. The results showed that most of the selected papers investigate the use of both nominal and ordinal data. Furthermore, Euclidean distance, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy clustering techniques were the most used techniques to handle categorical data using analogy. Using regression, most papers employed ANOVA and combination of categories.
12
Content available remote A Granular Computing Method for OWL Ontologies
EN
We propose a method to extract and integrate fuzzy information granules from a populated OWL ontology. The purpose of this approach is to represent imprecise knowledge within an OWL ontology, as motivated by the fact that the Semantic Web is full of imprecise and uncertain information coming from perceptual data, incomplete data, data with errors, etc. In particular, we focus on Fuzzy Set Theory as a means for representing and processing information granules corresponding to imprecise concepts usually expressed by linguistic terms. The method applies to numerical data properties. The values of a property are first clustered to form a collection of fuzzy sets. Then, for each fuzzy set, the relative σ-count is computed and compared with a number of predefined fuzzy quantifiers, which are therefore used to define new assertions that are added to the original ontology. In this way, the extended ontology provides both a punctual view and a granular view of individuals w.r.t. the selected property. We use a real-world ontology concerning hotels and populated with data of the Italian city of Pisa, to illustrate the method and to test its implementation. We show that it is possible to extract granular properties that can be described in natural language and smoothly integrated in the original ontology by means of annotated assertions.
13
Content available remote Wyznaczanie trajektorii bezpiecznej statku z wykorzystaniem algorytmu genetycznego
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodę wieloetapowego procesu podejmowania decyzji w rozmytym otoczeniu z wykorzystaniem algorytmu genetycznego. Struktura algorytmu została opracowana specjalnie na potrzeby problemu wyznaczania bezpiecznej optymalnej trajektorii statku w sytuacjach kolizyjnych z uwzględnieniem międzynarodowych przepisów o zapobieganiu zderzeniom na morzu (COLREGs).
EN
The article presents a multi-stage decision-making process in the fuzzy environment, using a method based on genetic algorithm. Whose structure has been developed specifically for the problem of determining the optimal safe ship trajectory in collision situations, taking into account the provisions of the international law of the sea route with the International Maritime Organization convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs).
PL
Niniejsza praca odnosi się do problemu planowania trajektorii statku w sytuacjach kolizyjnych. W proponowanym modelu wzięto pod uwagę parametry manewrowości statku i subiektywność oceny nawigatora. Celem głównym opracowania jest zaproponowanie metody wyznaczania bezpiecznej trajektorii statku w sytuacji kolizyjnej jako wieloetapowego procesu podejmowania decyzji w rozmytym otoczeniu. Celem szczegółowym jest wykorzystanie metody, opartej na sieci neuronowej, do wyznaczenia bezpiecznej trajektorii własnego statku w sytuacjach zagrożenia kolizyjnego.
EN
This paper addresses the problem of planning the ship trajectory in collision situations. The ship maneuverability parameters and subjectivity navigator in decisionmaking are taken into account in the proposed process model. The main objective of the study is to propose the designation of safe ship trajectory in collision situations as a multistage decision-making process in the fuzzy environment. The specific objective is to use a method based on neural network to determine the best ship trajectory in collision situations.
PL
W niniejszej pracy zaproponowano nową metodę analizy niezawodności systemów wielostanowych wykorzystującą sieci Bayesa (BN) oparte na rozmytych podzbiorach zmienności opisanych za pomocą trójkątnej funkcji przynależności. Metoda ta uwzględnia rozmyty charakter danych dotyczących uszkodzeń, wielostanowość systemu oraz zmienność prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia uszkodzenia w czasie. BN, które znalazły zastosowanie w modelowaniu i metodach obliczeniowych, wykorzystuje się także do analizy niezawodności. W przedstawionych badaniach, analizę BN uzupełniono o elementy teorii zbiorów rozmytych wykorzystując do opisu prawdopodobieństwa wystąpienia uszkodzenia, podzbiory zmienności opisane przez trójkątną funkcję przynależności. Niepewność zależności logicznej pomiędzy awariami reprezentowanymi przez różne węzły sieci opisano za pomocą tabel rozmytego prawdopodobieństwa warunkowego. W pierwszej kolejności analizowano prawdopodobieństwo uszkodzenia każdego korzenia (węzła głównego) w funkcji czasu. Następnie, wyznaczono trójkątny rozmyty podzbiór zmienności, za pomocą którego opisano rozmyte prawdopodobieństwo uszkodzenia węzłów głównych. Podzbiór ten wykorzystano do analizy niezawodności systemu wielostanowego przy pomocy rozmytych BN. Artykuł kończy opis wypadku podczas ruchu wózka windy szybkobieżnej, który potwierdza skuteczność i możliwość praktycznego wykorzystania proponowanej metody. Wyniki pokazują, że proponowane podejście może skutecznie rozwiązywać na wczesnym etapie problemy związane z niepewnością informacji oraz wielostanowością systemu.
EN
In this paper, a novel reliability analysis method for multi-state system is proposed on the basis of triangular fuzzy variety subset Bayesian network (BN). The method considers fuzziness, multi-state, and variety of failure probability over time. With advantages in modeling and computation, the BN is utilized for reliability analysis. Fuzzy set theory is introduced into the BN analysis by using triangular fuzzy variety subset to describe failure probability. The uncertainty of fault logical relationship between different nodes is described through fuzzy conditional probability tables. As a function of time, the failure probability of each root node is analyzed first. Subsequently, the triangle fuzzy variety subset is established to describe the fuzzy failure probability of root nodes. This subset is applied to analyze the reliability of multi-state system fuzzy BN. Finally, a case study on the car free movement accident of flexible high-speed elevator lift system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed approach could effectively address the problems on information uncertainty and multi-state in the early stage.
16
Content available Ocena atrakcyjności krajobrazu
PL
Przedstawione w artykule badania umożliwiły sformułowanie reguł wnioskowania służących określeniu uśrednionej oceny preferencji wizualnej – określeniu miary za pomocą krzywej przynależności wyrażonej m.in. funkcją y = x dla widoków ładnych i y = x3 dla widoków bardzo ładnych. W artykule przedstawiono sposób przekształcenia ocen jakościowych, właściwych ludziom, w uśrednione oceny ilościowe dogodne m.in. w pracach planistycznych. Praca prezentuje koncepcję systemu ekspertowego do badań preferencji krajobrazu z wnioskowaniem opartym na zasadach logiki rozmytej.
EN
The research presented in the article has made it possible to formulate inference rules, which could be used to find an averaged evaluation by visual preference, i.e., to find a measure by means of an approximation curve also expressed by the function y=x for nice views and y = x3 for very nice views. In order to do that, the article includes a method of transforming quality evaluations pertaining to particular people into averaged quantity evaluations also suitable for work planning. The article presents a concept of an expert system for researching landscape preferences with inference based on fuzzy logic.
EN
This paper adopts a probabilistic fuzzy analytic network process (PROFUZANP) approach in developing a sustainable manufacturing strategy. In this hybrid method, analytic network process handles the complexity of the problem structure under consideration, fuzzy set theory is used to describe vagueness in individual decision-making and probability theory is used to handle randomness in group decision-making. This holistic methodological approach addresses complexity and uncertainty both in individual and group decision-making which is useful in modeling group decisions such as developing a sustainable manufacturing strategy. In this work, an inclusive approach of integrating traditional manufacturing strategy concepts and sustainable manufacturing principles is proposed as a unifying decision model. The proposed decision structure adopts the hierarchical structure of manufacturing strategy and explores the presence of strategic responses and stakeholders’ interests as significant components of sustainability. Using PROFUZANP, the decision model identifies the content policies of sustainable manufacturing strategy. This content strategy is expected to address both competitiveness and sustainability of manufacturing firms. Results are reported in this paper along with insights and future work. The contribution of this work is the integration of manufacturing strategy and sustainability into a coherent decision framework that requires the use of PROFUZANP in dealing with complex and uncertain group decision-making problem.
18
Content available remote Prioritizing water pipe renewal using fuzzy set theory
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the novel approach to risk assessment in combination with failure and consequence analysis, depending on two parameters defined by the fuzzy functions: the repair time of water pipe and the cost of water pipe repair, what allow to determine particular risk levels. The presented methodology can be used to describe the functioning of the public water supply in terms of its renewal.
PL
Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie oceny ryzyka w połączeniu z analizą awarii oraz konsekwencjami, w zależności od dwóch parametrów określonych przez rozmyte funkcję: czas naprawy poszczególnych przewodów wodociągowych, jak również kosztów naprawy przewodów, co pozwoli określić, poszczególne poziomy ryzyka. Przedstawiona metodologia może być stosowana w celu opisania funkcjonowania wodociągów publicznych oraz w zakresie ich odnowy.
EN
The paper presents construction of the fuzzy logic system to analog circuits parametric fault diagnosis. The classical dictionary construction is replaced by fuzzy rule system. The first part refers to analog fault diagnosis, its techniques, approaches and goals. It clarifies common strategy and define differences between detecting, locating and identifying a fault in analog electronic circuit. The second part is focused on a creation of fuzzy rule expert system with use of sensitivity functions and known circuit topology. To detect, locate and identify a faulty element in a circuit the sensitivity matrix is used. The advantage of the method is its utilization in all, AC, DC and time domain. The fuzzy system, like the classical fault dictionary, can detect and locate single catastrophic faults and, on the contrary to the classical one, it also detects and locates parametric faults. Moreover, it allows identification of these faults, such that sign of the faulty parameter deviation is designated. The method has deterministic character as well as it can be applied on the verification and production stage.
EN
In the modern world the alternative energy sources, which considerably depend on a region, play more and more significant role. However, the transition of regions to new energy sources lead to the change of transport and logistic network configuration. The formation of optimal core transport network today is a guarantee of the successful economic development of a region tomorrow. The present article studies the issue of advanced core transport network development in a region based on the experience of European and Asian countries and the opportunity to adapt the best foreign experience to Russian conditions. On the basis of artificial intelligence methods for forest industry complex of Sverdlovskaya Oblast the algorithm of problem solution of an optimal logistic infrastructure allocation is offered and some results of a regional transport network are presented. These methods allowed to solve the set task in the conditions of information uncertainty. There are suggestions on the improvement of transport and logistic network in the territory of Sverdlovskaya Oblast. Traditionally the logistics of mineral fuel plays main role in regions development. Actually it is required to develop logistic strategic plans to be able to provide different possibilities of power-supply, flexible enough to change with the population density, transport infrastructure and demographics of different regions. The problem of logistic centers allocation was studied by many authors. The approach, offered by the authors of this paper is to solve the set of tasks by applying artificial intelligence methods, such as fuzzy set theory and genetic algorithms.
RU
В современном мире альтернативные источники энергии, которые в значительной степени зависят от региона, играют все более значимую роль. Однако переход регионов к новым источникам энергии приведет к изменению транспортно- логистического конфигурации сети. Формирование оптимальной опорной транспортной сети сегодня является залогом успешного экономического развития региона завтра. Настоящая статья изучает вопрос опережающего развития опорной транспортной сети региона на основе опыта стран Европы и Азии, а также возможность адаптировать лучший зарубежный опыт к российским условиям. На основе методов искусственного интеллекта для лесопромышленного комплекса Свердловской области предлагается алгоритм решения задачи оптимального логистического распределения инфраструктуры и представлены некоторые результаты моделирования региональной транспортной сети. Эти методы позволили решить поставленную задачу в условиях информационной неопределенности. Дать предложения по совершенствованию транспортной и логистической сети на территории Свердловской области. Зависимость логистики от минерального топлива, является устойчивой тенденцией развития регионов, однако при составлении стратегических планов необходимо на ряду, с плотностью населения, особенностями транспортной инфраструктуры и прогнозом демографических изменений, также предусмотреть альтернативные возможности смены источников энергоресурсов. К проблеме размещения логистических центров обращались многие авторы. Особенностью подхода, предлагаемого авторами этой статьи является применение методов искусственного интеллекта, в частности, теории нечетких множеств и генетических алгоритмов.
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