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Polimery funkcjonalne jako unikalne materiały stosowane w selektywnej adsorpcji

Nazim Tomasz, Cegłowski Michał

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2022

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[Z] 76, 7-8

509--527

EN

Functional polymers are increasingly being used as materials with a range of unique properties. Due to their structure and relatively high flexibility in a synthetic context, they are becoming highly relevant in a variety of applications. One of the numerous examples of the use of functional polymers is water treatment. Using the adsorption phenomenon, it is possible to remove or reduce the amount of harmful organic compounds and heavy metal ions in the water. This review provides information on both the synthesis methods and characterization of functional polymers in terms of their adsorption properties. Among others, this paper presents the results of research on functional polymers carried out by Professor Schroeder's research group. The research was mainly focused on the selective adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions, which are significant water pollutants. The overall results show that the adsorption of the synthesized polymer materials is high influenced by parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time of the adsorbent with the adsorbate and the initial adsorbate concentration. In the case of the adsorption phenomenon, the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm turned out to be the most appropriate model for the tested materials, while in the case of kinetic models, the highest R2 coefficient was usually obtained using the pseudo-second-order equation.

2

Silver(I) recovery on sulfur-containing polymeric sorbents from chloride solutions

Pilśniak-Rabiega Magdalena, Wolska Joanna

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2020

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Vol. 56, iss. 6

290--310

EN

This work describes the preparation of functional polymers containing 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole and guanylthiourea ligands from chemically modified vinylbenzyl chloride/divinylbenzene copolymer (VBC/DVB). The resins were used for the removal of Ag(I) from synthetic and real chloride solutions. The 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole resin was highly selective towards Ag(I) in relation to Pb(II) from real chloride leaching solution. The resins were selective for Ag(I) from real chloride solution and they did not sorb chloride complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II). The sorption kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The degree of Ag(I) desorption was about 80% using 1% potassium cyanide solution in 0.5% hydrogen peroxide solution. Resins retain their capacity towards Ag(I) in five consecutive sorption/desorption cycles.

3

New functional aliphatic polycarbonates – materials for advanced biomedical applications

Pastusiak M., Kawalec M., Jaworska J., Kurcok P., Janeczek H., Dobrzyński P.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2014

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Vol. 17, no. 128-129

103--106

EN

The aim of this study is to develop a new method of synthesis of functional (co)polycarbonates by ring -opening polymerization of ethyl 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (MTC-Et), benzyl 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (MTC-Bz) and their copolymerization with 1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC) with potential application in the formation of bioresorbable scaffolds for living cells and drug delivery, systems for achieving controlled drug release. (Co)polymerizations were conducted in bulk, in the presence of low toxic lanthanum acetylacetonate - La(acac)3xH2O as catalyst. All synthesized materials were obtained at 120°C. The results are very promising. A series of (co) polymers were obtained with high conversion and relatively high molecular weights. The composition of the comonomers and their sequence lengths were determined by means 1H NMR and 13C NMR measurements. Higher reactivity during the investigated copolymerizations presented carbonates with pending ethyl or benzyl group than 1,3-trimethylene carbonate. The thermal properties obtained (co)polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry.

4

Biodegradowalne polimery funkcyjne – rozszerzenie możliwości zastosowania biomateriałów

Kawalec M., Pastusiak M., Jaworska J., Komar P., Kurcok P., Dobrzyński P.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2014

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Vol. 17, no. 127

16--21

PL

Acetyloacetoniany cyrkonu (IV), żelaza (III), cynku (II), lantanu (III), i itru (III)) oraz tris(2,2,6,6--tetrametylo-3,5-heptanodionianu) skandu zostały z powodzeniem zastosowane w polimeryzacji modelowych 5-metylo-2-okso-1,3-dioksano-5-karboksylanu etylu (MTC-Et) i 5-metylo-2-okso-1,3-dioksano-5--karboksylanu benzylu (MTC-Bz) oraz α-bromo-ε-kaprolaktonu. Proces polimeryzacji prowadzono w masie w podwyższonej temperaturze. Zależność konwersji monomerów węglanowych od czasu polimeryzacji była monitorowana przy pomocy techniki 1H NMR, a wysokocząsteczkowy produkt scharakteryzowano techniką SEC. Kinetyka prowadzonej reakcji zależała nie tylko od temperatury, ale również od rodzaju zastosowanego inicjatora. Zbadano również wpływ temperatury prowadzonej polimeryzacji na masy cząsteczkowe otrzymanych produktów. Badania te wykazały, że zależność temperatura polimeryzacji – masa molowa produktu jest skomplikowana i dla procesów istnieje temperatura optymalna. Co istotne, w szczególnych przypadkach otrzymywane poliwęglany charakteryzowały się frakcją o wysokiej masie przekraczającej nawet 1 Mg/mol. Szczegółowe wyniki przeprowadzonych badań ujawniły także relatywnie silną reakcję transestryfikacji towarzyszącą polimeryzacji z otwarciem pierścienia MTC-Et. W przypadku polimeryzacji MTC-Bz, którego podstawnik benzylowy powinien stanowić większą zawadę przestrzenną przy wiązaniu estrowym niż podstawnik etylowy MTC-Et i w ten sposób ograniczać transestryfikację, występowanie reakcji transacylowania wydaje się być jeszcze silniejsze. W przypadku α-bromo-ε-kaprolaktonu polimeryzacja z otwarciem pierścienia przebiegała najefektywniej, gdy była inicjowana acetyloacetonianem cyrkonu (IV) i tris(2,2,6,6-tetrametylo-3,5--heptanodionianem) skandu (III), pozwalając na otrzymanie polimeru funkcyjnego. Acetyloacetonian cynku (II) reagował z bromopochodną w sposób, który nie prowadził do otrzymania polimerów.

EN

A series of metal acetylacetonates (zirconium (IV), iron (III), zinc (II), lanthanum (III) and yttrium (III)) as well as scandium (III) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5--heptanedionate) were successfully applied in bulk polymerizations of model ethyl 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (MTC-Et) and benzyl 5-methyl-2--oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (MTC-Bz) as well as α-bromo-ε-caprolactone. The polymerization experiments were carried out at elevated temperatures. Rate of the carbonate monomers conversion during polymerization experiments was followed by 1H NMR while macromolecular product was also characterized with SEC technique. Rate of the monomers conversion was temperature-dependant but it relied also on type of applied polymerization initiator. The study revealed also strong dependence of the products molar masses on temperature regime. It was found that the reactions have some optimum temperature. Noticingly, several experimental conditions were found to yield polycarbonates containing fractions of high molar mass material of about 1 Mg/mol. Complementary results revealed occurrence of relatively strong transesterification in ring-opening polymerization of MTC-Et. Significantly bulkier benzyl substituent of MTC-Bz, in comparison with ethyl substituent of MTC-Et which was supposed to hinder sterically reactivity of the ester linkage, did not retard transesterification occurring during polymerization. Contrary, transacylation seemed to be even more pronounced in the case of MTC-Bz polymerization. In the case of α-bromo-ε-caprolactone ROP zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate and scandium(III) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) were found to be the most effective and allowed to obtain functional polymer. Zinc (II) acetylacetonate reacted with the brominated lactone without polymer formation.

5

Glycidyl methacrylate copolymers modified with diamines as effective nucleophilic scavengers

Bukowski W., Bukowska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2006

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Vol. 8, nr 3

73-75

EN

Three-components glycidyl methacrylate terpolymers were chemically modified in the reaction with ethylenediamine or trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The reactive resins which contain 1.6 - 2.0 mol N/g were obtained as a result. The latter resins were tested as rapid scavengers of salicylaldehydes, benzoil chloride and 4,4'-diphenylmetane diisocyanate.