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Increasing Effectiveness of Heavy Metal Sorption by Biosorbent Microalgae Beads

Rinanti Astri, Fachrul Melati Ferianita, Hadisoebroto Rositayanti, Minarti Astari, Sunaryo Thalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

50--57

EN

This research was conducted to overcome the Cu2+ heavy metal pollution in the environment through a biotechnological approach with heavy metal sorption process by microalgae beads. Biosorbent in form of beads was produced from Chlorella sorokiniana, Monoraphidium sp., and Scenedesmus obliquus tropical microalgae mobilized with Naalginate polymer. The sorption process is observed on a controlled batch culture with variations of temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C), and observation periods (200th, 220th, 250th, 270th min) as contact time. The absorption efficiency on each temperature variation reaches more than 90%, but the highest absorption efficiency rate is at 92.20% on 35 °C temperature and 200 minutes of contact time. Biosorbent beads with 2–3 mm of diameters show the best sorption ability than the 3–4 mm and 4–5 mm ones. Sorption process is also evident with the existence of intensity alteration on amide, ketone, and sulfhydryl function groups which were consistently weakened until the end of the sorption process. The beads utilized in this research are potentially reusable as biosorbent. Thus, further examination is required to acknowledge the maximum reutilization rate of the beads as biosorbent on heavy metal absorption process.

2

An introduction to the design of innovation parks

Kazemi-Lary Golamali

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2020

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nr 43

23--40

EN

This article deals with the categorizing of Innovation Park’s structure. Such developments are considered to be carried out based on a systematic approach to solve issues of the architectural organization. Innovation Parks are classified into three groups: small, medium, large and giant. Consequently, the article proposes schematic planning decisions for these principal forms of Innovation Parks.

3

Research on quantifying the hydrophilicity of leached coals by FTIR spectroscopy

Wang J., He Y., Yang Y., Xie W., Ling X.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2017

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Vol. 53, iss. 1

227--239

EN

Surface properties play important roles in characterization of structural parameters and the hydrophilicity index. Accurate analysis of the macerals rather than the average properties of the macerals and minerals are crucial for these parameters and indexes. In order to improve the accuracy of analyzing coal surface property, HF/HCl acid leaching was applied to eliminate the interference of minerals. FTIR was used to characterize the differences in surface chemical composition between raw and processed coal. Moreover, each functional group was analyzed quantitatively. Based on these quantitative data, the structural parameters and hydrophilicity indexes were calculated. From the results of FTIR, the peaks of mineral cover up the types of the organic peaks, such as -COOH and aromatic CH stretching. In addition, they decrease the intensity of the peak such as C=C and aromatics CHx out-of-plane deformation in the spectra of raw coals. However, it provided the accurate types and contents of organic functional groups of the macerals after acid leaching. The structural parameter results indicate that the values cannot reflect the coal ranks through the surface properties of raw coals while they show a good relationship with the degree of coalification in the analysis of processed coals. Besides, the hydrophilicity indexes are verified by the natural floatability of coal macerals of the processed coals. It is also found that the processed lignite coal cannot be floated despite elimination of the hydrophilic minerals. The main reason of hard-to-float property of lignite coal lies in a strong hydrophilicity of macerals.

4

Functional petroleum resins based on pyrolysis by-products and their application for bitumen modification

Bratychak M., Grynyshyn O., Astakhova O., Shyshchak O., Wacławek W.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 3

309-315

EN

The possibility of petroleum resins with epoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups application for modification of bitumen properties has been shown. It has been suggested to modify bitumen by resins via joint oxidation of tars and petroleum resins, as well as via compounding of functional resins with oxidated bitumen.

PL

Badano możliwość wykorzystania żywic naftowych z grupami epoksydowymi, hydroksylowymi oraz karboksylowymi do modyfikacji właściwości bitumu. Zaproponowano modyfikowanie bitumu żywicami poprzez wspólne utlenianie smoły i żywic naftowych, a także poprzez przygotowanie mieszanek żywic z grupami funkcyjnymi z utlenionym bitumem.

5

Yak (Bos grunniens L.) grazing effects on vegetation of alpine meadow with Potentilla fruticosa L. (Rosaceae) shrub in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Qiao Y., Wang Q., Wang W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 4

769-777

EN

Grazing can change plant community composition and structure, which may alter the functions of the shrub meadow ecosystem. Grazing effects on Potentilla fruticosa shrub community in the headwater region of the Yellow River, which is in core area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, are studied to provide adequate protection decision-making. We investigated continuous grazing and seasonal enclosure effects on P. fruticosa shrub communities. Three sites of P. fruticosa shrub comprising both continuous grazing and seasonal enclosure treatments were selected. The size of each fenced plot of P. fruticosa shrub was about 3000 m2, the stocking rate was about 5 heads per 100 m2 in continuous grazing treatment. Three samplings were made in each growing season of 2003 and 2004. Cover of vegetation, plant species composition and vegetation height were investigated in seven 1 x 1 m quadrates in each treatment. Above-ground biomass was measured in five 0.5 x 0.5 m quadrates. Shrub, forb, graminoid and sedge plant materials were clipped at ground level and oven-dried at 85[degrees] C to a constant mass. Plant composition was affected by long term continuous grazing and changes were caused by forb species shifting. No apparent difference in species richness between the grazed and ungrazed communities over the growing months were found but the Shannon's diversity indices of the grazed communities in June and July were higher than that of the ungrazed but lower in the late August and September. Live vegetation cover was reduced by 6.7%, 7.3% and 11.5%, respectively, owing to grazing in July, August and September, but not in June (P> 0.05). Forbs took up more than 50% cover of the vegetation in both grazed and ungrazed treatments. Relative cover of sedges and forbs in ungrazed treatment decreased in July, August and September, while that of graminoids increased more than 70% in the same period. Live vegetation height was reduced by 27% (2004) and 23% (2003) in late August and early September, but not in early growing season. Grazing reduced total above-ground biomass by 35%, 37% and 36% in July, August and early September, respectively, and the reduction was mainly in forb biomass. Continuous grazing affects plant composition and species diversity. The quantitative characteristics of P. fruticosa communities were influenced by grazing over growing months, but the effects were offset by non-growing season grazing.

6

Ocena powierzchniowych grup funkcyjnych na pylistych węglach aktywnych

Pąprowicz J. T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2000

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z. 32[180], cz.2

321-328

EN

21 dusty active carbons were tested, and their acidic and basic functional groups and ash contents were determined. It was stated that carbons had the carbonyl functional groups most of all. Basic oxides, earboxyl groups, phenol groups and lactone groups appear in the carbons in the following decreasing amounts. Relationship between the functional groups amount, raw material type and activation method of the active carbons was stated for some carbons. However, most tested carbons have diverse amounts of functional groups, which require the mathematical analysis.