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1

Impact of late and early fuel injection on main engine efficiency and exhaust gas emissions

Pavin Z., Knezević V., Orović J., Valčić M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2023

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Vol. 17 No. 1

177--181

EN

Exhaust gas emissions from ships are an aspect of the global maritime industry which has been given great importance in recent years. Increasing the efficiency of maritime transport regarding fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions is an ongoing effort which requires a detailed analysis of all ship systems that have an effect on the aforementioned issue. One aspect that can be analyzed in this regard are the various machinery faults which influence the ships exploitation efficiency. This paper will focus on the analysis of the two stroke slow speed diesel main engine with early and late fuel injection faults. This analysis is based on a set of data acquired from a simulation model of a LCC tanker vessel including fuel consumption and emission pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur oxides (SOX) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as a greenhouse gas with early and late fuel injection fault introduced to different number of main engine cylinders. This methodology of research has the advantage of analyzing various scenarios which are not as easily reproduced on actual vessels.

2

Analysis of lubricating oil degradation and its influence on brake specific fuel consumption of a light-duty compression-ignition engine running a durability cycle on a test stand

Sala Rafał, Węglarz Kamil, Suchecki Andrzej

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

109--115

EN

The Euro 6 emission standard requires compliance with tough legal exhaust emissions limits for newly registered vehicles and obligates light-duty vehicle manufacturers to respect the 160,000 km durability requirements for in-service conformity. Although there is no legal limit set for fuel consumption, manufacturers are obligated to decrease the carbon footprint of vehicle fleets in order to obtain carbon neutral mobility beyond 2035. The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of various oils’ and viscosity grades’ degradation on the change in break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) measured over a standardized durability test cycle. Each oil candidate underwent 300 h of durability test running performed on a test bed without any oil changes. The purpose of the laboratory test was to reproduce the worst-case operating conditions and degradation process of the long-life engine oil type that can be experienced during extreme real life driving of a vehicle. In order to define the influence of the engine oil deterioration on the BSFC profile, the engine operation parameters were continually monitored throughout the test run. Additionally, chemical analysis of the oil was performed and the solid deposits formed on the turbocharger’s compressor side were evaluated. The test results revealed differences up to 5% in the BSFC values between the oil candidates tested over the durability cycle. The observed BSFC increase was directly related to the decrease in engine efficiency and can cause higher fuel consumption of the engine, which in turn has an adverse effect on environmental protection goals.

3

Gas turbine intake air cooling systems of combined type and their optimum designing

Radchenko Andrii M., Radchenko Mykola I., Mikielewicz Dariusz, Kosowski Krzysztof, Kantor Sergiy, Andreev Artem A.

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2020

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Vol. 4, nr 2

51--64

EN

Turbine intake air cooling (TIAC) by absorption lithium-bromide chillers (ACh) utilizing the exhaust heat is considered as the most effective fuel saving technology for temperate climatic conditions. But the cooling potential of TIAC systems based on ACh of a simple cycle is limited by a comparatively increased chilled water temperature of about 7°C excluding cooling intake air lower than 15°C. The application of a refrigerant as a coolant enables deeper cooling intake air to 10°C and lower. The application of two-stage hybrid absorption-ejector chillers (AECh) with a refrigerant ejector chiller (ECh) as a low temperature stage makes it possible to increase the annual fuel saving approximately twice in temperate climate due to deeper cooling air as compared with ACh. Furthermore, this effect can be achieved with the sizes of TIAC system reduced by about 20 % due to determining the rational refrigeration capacity of AECh providing practically maximum annual fuel saving increment and the use of the current excessive refrigeration capacities to cover peaked loads.

4

An internal combustion engine without a crankshaft. Perspectives

Tikhonenkov Serguei

Combustion Engines

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2020

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R. 59, nr 4

39--44

EN

The article examines the level of perfection of the modern internal combustion engine design, their impact on the environment and population. A new engine concept has been developed. As a result a decrease in fuel consumption by 80% has been discovered as well as the effects of the new engine in the field of ecology such as a decrease in the number of diseases caused by poor environmental conditions, a lower risk of global warming, lower health care costs, an increase in life expectancy, etc. Also, for countries with fossil fuel deposits, can be anticipated dropping treasury income, factory closures, high unemployment, the likelihood of protests and uprisings.

5

Using LCA method to describe logistic system of fuel

Haller P., Jankowski A., Jaworska E., Kardasz P., Markowska K., Wróbel R.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 3

293--299

EN

This paper presents the life cycle of the fuel with the use of LCA. This method is taken from the management theory allows to describe and predict the impact of production processes, transport and use of fuels on the environment. The aim of the study is to compare the energy consumption of the test fuels (diesel, a blend of rapeseed oil and butyl alcohol) in the process of their production. The results indicate that most energy is consumed during the processing of crude oil. This process produced a large quantity of sulphur oxides. Very energy intensive (53,859 GJ per 10 k litres of fuel produced) part of the production is rape culture. This is due to the long working hours of agricultural tractors and combines. In this process, are secreted large amounts of exhaust gas: CO (2.664 kg), NOx (23.31 kg). Inter alia, environmental life cycle assessment, schematic structure of the LCA, the energy balance of the life cycle of diesel oil, the energy balance of the life cycle of rape oil mixed with butyl alcohol, the balance of raw material sourcing, the balance of the materials necessary to production of a mixture of rape oil and butanol alcohol are presented in the paper.

6

Poprawa efektywności paliwowej pojazdów oraz redukcja emisji zanieczyszczeń w transporcie drogowym ładunków

Bąk M.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

1567-1576

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza struktury zużycia energii i emisji gazów cieplarnianych w Unii Europejskiej ze szczególnych uwzględnieniem transportu oraz wskazanie możliwości poprawy efektywności zużycia paliw oraz redukcji emisji zanieczyszczeń w sektorze przewozu drogowego ładunków. Największym odbiorcą energii w Unii Europejskiej jest sektor transportu, na który przypada 32% ogółu energii. Jednocześnie udział transportu w ogólnych emisjach gazów cieplarnianych wynosi 26%. W odniesieniu do obu wskaźników dominujący jest transport drogowy ładunków. Oznacza to konieczność podjęcia zdecydowanych działań na rzecz poprawy efektywności paliwowej oraz redukcji emisji zanieczyszczeń. Cele te można osiągnąć poprzez szeroki wachlarz aktywności, w których zaangażowane będą przedsiębiorstwa transportowe świadome aktualnych i przyszłych zagrożeń. Instrumenty, które należy wspierać, podzielić można na związane z technologią środków transportu, zarządzaniem ruchem, rozwiązaniami operacyjnymi i logistycznymi oraz czynnikami behawioralnym związanymi z zachowaniem kierowcy.

EN

The purpose of this article is to analyse the structure of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union with particular attention to transport as well as to identify opportunities to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in the road freight transport. Transport sector is the most significant energy consumer in the European Union with the share of 32% of the total energy consuming. At the same time share of transport in total greenhouse gas emissions is 26%. In the case of both indicators road freight sector is dominant. This should result in taking action on improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. Such objectives can be achieved only through involving transport companies aware of the present and future threats. Instruments that should be supported can be divided into technology of vehicles, traffic management, operational and logistical solutions and behavioural factors related to the driver.

7

Obniżanie zużycia paliwa w pojazdach użytkowych jako czynnik warunkujący efektywność transportu

Piernikarski D

Combustion Engines

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2013

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R. 52, nr 3

663--669

PL

W artykule zostanie przedstawiony stan faktyczny oraz najważniejsze kierunki prac rozwojowych prowadzących do obniżania zużycia paliwa przez pojazdy użytkowe, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem uwarunkowań rynkowych. Dokonano również przeglądu najważniejszych rozwiązań technicznych prowadzących do obniżenia zużycia paliwa w pojazdach użytkowych. Naszkicowano pewne problemy związane z obniżaniem zużycia paliwa w silnikach samochodów ciężarowych segmentu ciężkiego, spełniających wymagania normy Euro VI.

EN

The paper presents facts and main development trends leading to improvements in fuel efficiency in commercial vehicles, with special attention paid to the market requirements. A brief review of main solutions leading to lower fuel consumption in trucks was also made. The paper highlights also some problems related to the fuel efficiency of Euro VI heavy commercial vehicles.

8

81° skala ocen ecodrivera

Ubysz A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Mechanika

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2012

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R. 109, z. 4-M

241--250

PL

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie utylitarnych możliwości nowo opracowanej metody oceny energooszczędnego stylu jazdy kierującego dowolnym samochodem osobowym w rzeczywistych warunkach ruchu. Ostatecznie w 2005 r. dopracowana empirycznie 81-stopniowa skala współczynnika dynamiki jazdy KD na każdej trasie przejazdu pozwala na precyzyjną ocenę kierującego i wdrażanych przez niego udoskonaleń energooszczędnego sterowania prędkością samochodu.

EN

The aim of this study is to present functional benefits of the innovative method of energy- -efficient driving style of a driver who uses a passenger car in real traffic conditions. The 81-degree scale of the coefficient of drive dynamics KD can be employed for a precise assessm of driving and the improvements in energy-efficient vehicle speed control the driver makes.

9

High-efficient gas turbine in industrial applications

Chodkiewicz R., Krysiński J., Porochnicki J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Cieplne Maszyny Przepływowe - Turbomachinery / Politechnika Łódzka

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1999

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nr 115

71--80

EN

High fuel efficiency of a gas turbine that utilises heat from external sources (the so called external recuperation) provides advantageous economic and environmental conditions for electricity generation combined with industrial processes. An influence of external recuperation on efficiency and power of a gas turbine set, as well as compressor cooling have been analysed on the basis of examples of several gas turbines produced by well-known manufactures.