Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Operational evaluation of atomization indicators for gasoline with admixtures of ethanol and butanol during Keep-Clean tests

Pielecha Ireneusz, Stępień Zbigniew

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 62, iss. 2

123--137

EN

The global policy of reducing road transport sector pollution requires the introduction of significantly modified already in use technologies and construction solutions. Currently, direct fuel injection technology is the best solution in terms of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of standard pollutants into the atmosphere, as well as further improving the engine performance. In terms of exhaust emissions, direct injection spark ignition engines are characterized by significantly higher exhaust emissions of particulate matter (approximately 10 times higher) compared to indirect fuel injection SI engines, they show a greater tendency to knocking combustion and are prone to the formation of harmful deposits on engine parts, including in the fuel injectors. The injector tips located in the combustion chamber are exposed to the direct influence of the very high pressure and temperature caused by the combusting fuel-air mixture, which contributes to the rapid formation of harmful deposits. Operation-based injectors contamination in spark ignition engines results in a reduction of the cross-sectional flow diameter of the injector, which then necessitates the extension of the injection time in order to maintain the fuel dose and the expected engine operating parameters. The tests were carried out on an engine dynamometer and an optical test stand for fuel atomization process. The presented research analyzes indicate the possibility of using admixtures that effectively reduce the likelihood of contamination. The paper presents a results analysis of engine tests performed in accordance with the CEC F-113-KC procedure. Additionally, the injectors were tested to conduct an analysis of the injected fuel stream’s geometric indicators. The range, surface area and speed of the injected fuel stream as well as the fuel distribution in the stream were determined based on an equivalent indicator. The obtained results indicated that ethanol and butanol admixtures of 10% (V/V) to gasoline did not significantly extend the fuel injection time as compared to the reference fuel. A further increase in the proportion of ethanol caused a significant deterioration of the fuel flow and the geometric indicators of the fuel spray.

2

The influence of liquid viscosity on atomized fuel mean droplet size determined by the laser diffraction method

Krause P., Labuda R.

New Trends in Production Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 1, Iss. 1

435--441

EN

The article presents the impact of viscosity of fuel on its atomization, which constitutes an important element of controlling the quality of the fuel-air mixture in compression ignition and direct injection engines. An experiment has been made using a three-hole atomizer of an engine with nominal power of 110 kW and revolutions n = 2800 min-1. Fuel was delivered by a PRW-2M injection pump intended for testing injectors. Fuel was sprayed in the atmospheric air. Three petroleum product liquids used for the experiment had a viscosity of, respectively, 3.93, 16.73 and 36.41 mm2/s. The fuel droplet size in a spray was determined by the laser diffraction method by means of a Spraytec STP 5929 analyzer. The quantity adopted for comparative purposes was the Sauter Mean Diameter D32. The results confirmed that a change of fuel viscosity within the range recommended by ship engine manufacturers has a strong impact on the size of sprayed fuel droplets. Shipowners have a limited choice of low sulphur fuel grade (up to 0.1% S), which forces the engine room personnel to use currently available fuels. Depending on the supplier, marine fuels may vary in viscosity and, according to the recommendations of engine manufacturers, they do not require heating. The increase in the size of the droplets injected into the fuel combustion chamber may affect the quality of the fuel-air mixture, increase of fuel consumption and a greater content of harmful exhaust constituents.

3

Variability of the diesel fuel spray microstructure during the injection into stagnant air by a typical diesel engine injector

Krause P., Kidacki G., Klyus O.

Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance - Problemy Eksploatacji

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2018

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no. 2

101--107

EN

The article presents the results of a study on the distribution of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) along the axis of an atomized diesel oil spray and changes in SMD occurring during the injection in selected cross-section of the spray. A piston fuel pump was used for atomization, while atomization quality measurements were made using a Malvern Spraytec particle analyzer. The results show that adopting averaged SMD values for the whole fuel spray charge does not reflect the actual range of droplet sizes in the area of highest volume concentration of droplets in a spray, i.e. the area having the greatest impact on the evaporation and combustion of fuel. It can be useful to designers of diesel engines and simulation of processes in combustion chamber.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono możliwości doboru średnic kropli rozpylonego paliwa do badań modelowych lub jako wartość wzorcową (reprezentatywną) dla strugi rozpylonego paliwa w komorze spalania silnika z zapłonem samoczynnym. Zamieszczono wyniki badań rozkładu średniej średnicy Sautera (SMD) wzdłuż osi strugi rozpylanego oleju napędowego oraz zmian SMD zachodzących w czasie wtrysku w wybranym przekroju strugi. Do rozpylania użyto tłokowej pompy paliwowej, a do pomiarów jakości rozpylania przyrządu Spraytec firmy Malvern. Przedstawione rezultaty wskazują, że przyjmowanie uśrednianych wartości SMD dla zakresu rozpylania całej dawki paliwa nie odzwierciedla rzeczywistego obrazu rozmiarów kropli w obszarze najwyższego stężenia objętościowego kropel w strudze, czyli mającego największy wpływ na proces odparowania i spalania paliwa.

4

Badania porównawcze wpływu lepkości kinematycznej na promieniowy rozkład paliwa w rozpylanej strudze

Kuszewski H., Jaworski A., Ustrzycki A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

4380--4386, CD2

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki promieniowego rozkładu paliwa w rozpylanej strudze. Do badań wybrano cztery próbki paliw różniących się wartościami lepkości kinematycznej. Pierwszy etap badań obejmował pomiary lepkości kinematycznej paliw. W tym celu wykorzystano automatyczny wiskozymetr z kapilarami Ubbelohde’a. Badania lepkości przeprowadzono w temperaturze 40° C. Drugi etap badań dotyczył pomiarów promieniowego rozkładu paliwa w strudze. Badania realizowano przy użyciu systemu wtryskowego Common Rail, przy czym dla każdego z paliw ustalano jednakowe warunki pracy układu wtryskowego. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wybranych paliw, stwierdzono różnice w wartościach powierzchni przekrojów strugi oraz ulokowania obszaru o największej koncentracji paliwa względem geometrycznej osi strugi. Największy przekrój poprzeczny strugi odnotowano dla paliwa o pośredniej wartości lepkości kinematycznej, najmniejszy natomiast, dla paliwa o największej lepkości kinematycznej.

EN

The article presents the results of the radial distribution of fuel in the spray. For the test, four fuels samples with different kinematic viscosity were selected. The first stage of the study consisted of measurements of kinematic viscosity fuels. To this purpose, automated Ubbelohde capillaries were used. The viscosity tests were carried at 40° C. The second stage of the study concerned the measurements of the radial distribution of fuel in the spray. The study was conducted using the Common Rail injection system, and for each of the fuels was set equal working conditions of the injection system. The studies of selected fuels were found differences in the cross-sectional area of the spray and locate the area with the highest concentration of fuel relative to the geometric axis of the spray. The largest cross-section of the fuel spray for intermediate kinematic viscosity value was obtained. However, for the fuel with the highest kinematic viscosity, the smallest cross-section of the fuel spray was observed.

5

Ocena jakości rozpylenia paliwa z wtryskiwaczy silników o zapłonie samoczynnym z wykorzystaniem procesów wibroakustycznych

Boguś P., Wrona A., Dedo M., Markowski J.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

2133-2138

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań innowacyjnej metody diagnozowania wtryskiwaczy opartej o sygnał wibroakustyczny. Analiza dostępnych rozwiązań wykazała, że obecne na rynku motoryzacji metody diagnozowania wtryskiwaczy są niewystarczające. Celem badań jest uzyskanie niezawodnej i taniej metody pozwalającej na pełną diagnozę wtryskiwacza. W celu weryfikacji metody opracowano stanowisko testowe, którego projekt dostosowany jest do przyjętych założeń pomiaru. Przeprowadzone testy dowiodły, że algorytmy diagnozowania wtryskiwaczy umożliwiają określenie ich aktualnej wydajności. Wyniki badań poddano analizie i wykonano ich porównawczą ocenę, aby określić charakterystyczne różnice w wibroakustycznym śladzie wynikającym z nienormalnego rozpylenia paliwa. Podsumowanie pracy zawiera wnioski dotyczące wyników badań oraz plan przyszłych działań, metod walidacji i praktycznego etapu implementacji.

EN

In this paper we present results of the innovative method of injector diagnosis based on the vibroacoustic signal. The analysis of the available solutions showed that the methods of the injector diagnosis present on automotive market are insufficient. The aim of the study is to obtain a reliable and cheap method for a complete injector diagnosis. In order to verify the method a test stand has been developed which design is adapting measurement assumptions. The conducted tests proved that the injector diagnostic algorithms allow determination of their current performance. The results were analyzed and a comparative evaluation was executed to determine characteristic variations in the vibroacoustic footprint resulting from subnormal fuel atomization. The final part of the article contains conclusions related to the results of the investigations and a formulation of plans for further actions, validation of the method and practical implementation stage.

6

Analiza drgań własnych tulei reakcyjnej testera wtryskiwaczy

Merkisz J., Markowski J., Roszak A., Wrona A., Dedo M.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

7314--7322

PL

Parametry ekologiczne silników o zapłonie samoczynnym w największym stopniu zależą do przebiegu procesu spalania. Właściwy przebieg tego procesu uwarunkowany jest odpowiednim przygotowaniem ładunku w komorze spalania, na które składa się zawirowanie czynnika oraz rozpylenie paliwa. Zawirowanie czynnika wynika z przyjętej konstrukcji układu dolotowego, parametrów geometrycznych komory spalania oraz prędkości obrotowej wału korbowego silnika. Rozpylenie paliwa zależy od parametrów wtrysku oraz stanu technicznego wtryskiwacza, a w szczególności jego rozpylacza. Autorzy obecnie pracują nad aplikacją koncepcji umożliwiającej ocenę zdatności wtryskiwacza na podstawie parametrów wibroakustycznych wywołanych wtryskiem paliwa. W artykule przedstawiono fragment dokonanych prac w zakresie weryfikacji wartości drgań własnych tulei reakcyjnej. Działania te zmierzają do oszacowania zakresów wartości drgań własnych tulei wynikających z jej konstrukcji i sposobu mocowania. Ocena drgań własnych tulei jest konieczna do określenia bezpiecznych zakresów między drganiami własnymi a drganiami spowodowanymi wymuszeniem uderzającą strugą paliwa. Działanie to jest niezbędne do uwzględnienia w przyszłym algorytmie weryfikacji wtryskiwaczy.

EN

Diesel engine ecological parameters greatly depend on the course of the combustion process. An appropriate course of this process is conditional upon a proper mixture formation in the combustion chamber i.e. charge swirl and fuel atomization. The swirl of the charge results from the adopted design of the intake manifold, geometrical parameters of the combustion chamber and engine speed. The fuel atomization depends on the injection parameter and the conditions of the injector itself, particularly its nozzle. To date, the issue of a clear evaluation of the injector ability of obtaining appropriate atomization parameters remains unresolved. The paper presents the concept and the results of its validation based on the preliminary tests of fuel atomization in open space with the use of vibroacoustic processes. The authors are currently working on applying a concept enabling an evaluation of the injector applicability based on the vibroacoustic parameters resulting from the injection of fuel. The article presents a part of research conducted for the verification of the own vibrations of the reaction tube. These activities are intended to estimate the ranges of own vibrations resulting from its construction and method of attachment. Rating of the tubes own vibrations is necessary to determine safe ranges between own vibrations and the vibration caused by striking stream of fuel. This action is necessary to take into account in future verification algorithm for injectors testing.

7

Ocena wpływu ciśnienia paliwa zasilającego wtryskiwacz na parametry drgań tulei reakcyjnej wywołane rozpyloną strugą paliwa

Merkisz J., Markowski J., Waligórski M., Pielecha I.

Combustion Engines

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2013

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R. 52, nr 3

1129--1135

PL

Parametry ekologiczne silników o zapłonie samoczynnym w największym stopniu zależą do przebiegu procesu spalania. Właściwy przebieg tego procesu uwarunkowany jest odpowiednim przygotowaniem ładunku w komorze spalania, na które składa się zawirowanie czynnika oraz rozpylenie paliwa. Zawirowanie czynnika wynika z przyjętej konstrukcji układu dolotowego, parametrów geometrycznych komory spalania oraz prędkości obrotowej wału korbowego silnika. Rozpylenie paliwa zależy od parametrów wtrysku oraz stanu technicznego wtryskiwacza, a w szczególności jego rozpylacza. Autorzy obecnie pracują nad aplikacją koncepcji umożliwiającej ocenę zdatności wtryskiwacza na podstawie parametrów wibroakustycznych wywołanych wtryskiem paliwa. W artykule przedstawiono fragment dokonanych prac w zakresie weryfikacji wartości drgań tulei reakcyjnej wywołanych uderzającą strugą rozpylonego paliwa uzyskiwaną przy różnych wartościach nastaw ciśnienia w układzie zasilania. Działania te zmierzają do oszacowania zależności procesowych koniecznych do ujęcia w przyszłym algorytmie weryfikacji wtryskiwaczy.

EN

Diesel engine ecological parameters greatly depend on the course of the combustion process. An appropriate course of this process is conditional upon a proper mixture formation in the combustion chamber i.e. charge swirl and fuel atomization. The swirl of the charge results from the adopted design of the intake manifold, geometrical parameters of the combustion chamber and engine speed. The fuel atomization depends on the injection parameter and the conditions of the injector itself, particularly its nozzle. To date, the issue of a clear evaluation of the injector ability of obtaining appropriate atomization parameters remains unresolved. The paper presents the concept and the results of its validation based on the preliminary tests of fuel atomization in open space with the use of vibroacoustic processes. The authors are currently working on applying a concept enabling an evaluation of the injector applicability based on the vibroacoustic parameters resulting from the injection of fuel. The paper presents a fragment of the works related to the verification of the vibrations of the reaction sleeve triggered by the impinging atomized fuel spray at various fuel pressures in the fuel system. The actions aim at evaluating the process relations necessary for the future algorithm of fuel injector verification.

8

Analiza wpływu wybranych własności paliw na proces ich rozpylania przez wtryskiwacze

Ignaciuk P., Gil L., Koszałka G.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2012

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R. 19, nr 9

2487--2492, CD

PL

Zasadniczym problemem we współczesnych silnikach o zapłonie samoczynnym jest uzyskanie odpowiednio niskiej emisji związków toksycznych. Problem ten jest ścisłe związany z rozpyleniem paliwa przez wtryskiwacze. Poznanie przebiegu procesu rozpylania może ułatwić podejmowania odpowiednio skutecznych działań w kierunku obniżenia emisji związków toksycznych przez silniki zasilane różnymi paliwami. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad procesem wtrysku klasycznego oleju napędowego i biopaliwa opartego na estrach metylowych oleju lnianki siewnej.

EN

The main problem of modern Diesel engines is obtaining the lowest emission of toxic compounds in the exhaust gases. The level of toxic emissions in raw exhaust is strictly related to the fuel atomization realized by injectors. The knowledge about the course of injection enables more efficient approach towards reduction of toxic emissions in engines fueled with different types of fuel. The paper presents results of investigations on fuel injection of typical Diesel fuel and biofuel based on methyl esters of camelina seed.

9

The assessment of the fuel atomization based on vibroacoustic processes

Merkisz J., Markowski J., Balerlein M., Waligórski M., Madry J.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2011

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R. 50, nr 3

EN

Diesel engine ecological parameters greatly depend on the course of the combustion process. An appropriate course of this process is conditional upon a proper mixture formation in the combustion chamber i.e. charge swirl and fuel atomization. The swirl of the charge results from the adopted design of the intake manifold, geometrical parameters of the combustion chamber and engine speed. The fuel atomization depends on the injection parameter and the conditions of the injector itself, particularly its nozzle. To date, the issue of a clear evaluation of the injector ability of obtaining appropriate atomization parameters remains unresolved. The paper presents the concept and the results of its validation based on the preliminary tests of fuel atomization in open space with the use of vibroacoustic processes.

10

Study on kerosene atomization process under a high speed air stream

Perkowski W., Irzycki A., Snopkiewicz K., Grudzień Ł., Kawalec M.

Journal of KONES

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2011

|

Vol. 18, No. 4

341-347

EN

For the needs of fuel-injection system development for the experimental detonation combustion chamber with a rotating detonation (PoiG - Project: "Turbine engine with detonation combustion chamber") a series of experiments with injection of kerosene under a high speed air stream was performed at the Institute of Aviation. The proper preparation of combustible mixture is very important for the initiation and sustenance of a rotating detonation. The task in case of kerosene-air mixture is far more difficult than for mixtures of hydrogen-air or kerosene-oxygen. A simple stream injector has been tested as a base system, and the kerosene was injected perpendicular to the air stream vector directly from the plane wall of the constant cross-section channel. The process of injection and atomization of kerosene was observed in the special transparent visualization chamber, enabling the spray observation of two mutually perpendicular directions. In subsequent experiments air pressure, air temperature and air flow velocity as well as and injection pressure of kerosene were varied. The tested process was photographed and, in case of chosen experiments, filmed using a high-speed digital camera. The surveys were aimed at identifying and assessing of following parameters of fuel atomization process: the range of the fuel stream and filling grade of research channel with aerosol, aerosol homogeneity and the size of forming it droplets, the possible presence of fuel streams flowing down the walls of channel. The resulting photos allowed for more comprehensive, but only a qualitative assess of the spraying process, while the filmed small regions of visualization chamber allowed the counting down and dimensioning of droplets. This paper presents a test facility and measuring techniques applied during the research activity and selected results of carried out tests.

11

Reduction emission level of harmful components exhaust gases by means of control of parameters influencing on spraying process of biofuel components for aircraft engines

Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2011

|

Vol. 18, No. 3

129-134

EN

The aim of the research is to test the fuel additives which decrease dimensions of atomised fuel drops, by applying changes to the specific parameters which impact the atomisation process. Those parameters include density, surface tension, viscosity and the viscosity index. Dimensions of drops of biofuels are much bigger compared to hydrocarbon fuels. By modifying the physical and chemical parameters of biofuels, dimensions of drops in an atomised fuel stream should become smaller. Those dimensions play a major role for the level of emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, as well as mainly nitrogen oxides and particulates. The research on emissions of toxic components of fuel is relatively advanced today in the field of piston combustion engines, especially for use in car vehicles. However, the dynamic development of the air transport brings more pressure on the issue of toxic emissions in the case of aircraft engines. The level of toxic emissions from aircraft engines may be from ten up to even several thousand times greater than the level of emissions from piston engines. The issue of how biofuel additives can affect the process of fuel atomisation and thus enable the control over the atomisation to obtain the smallest possible drops leading to reduced nitrogen oxides emissions is a new and original issue. The reduced nitrogen oxides emissions in the case of biofuels is of utmost significance because, according to latest knowledge, those levels are increasing.

12

Study of the influence of different factors on combustion processes (Part two)

Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 3

135-140

EN

The gas-phase occurs in homogeneous or heterogeneous form. In thefirst case the kinetics of chemical reactions controls processes of the combustion, in second, heterogeneous one - processes to run most slow down. For liquid fuels, decomposition processes of the liquid phase occur, that is processes vaporize of the fuel. Decomposition processes need a lot of heat, run slowly down than processes of the preparation of the mixture in gas phase of. The influence of the pressure on processes of the combustion of liquid fuels differs from the influence on the processes of the combustion of fuel gases. Pressure increasing decreases the intensity decomposition of the liquid phase. Flow of combustion gases intensifies combustion processes. Example-test results PIV velocity field, test results with LDV and PDPA are presented in the paper. The linear and volumetric distribution of the drop, and the Rosin - Rammler dependences as well as the course of the combustion process in the constant volume chamber are an object of the paper. The paper describes the mathematical model of the combustion process of the liquid fuel. Realized initial measurement of the boundary-layer thickness under model conditions with using of the LDV laser-equipment showed that the close relationship between the kinds of the boundary-layer existed, with its thickness and rate of the combustion of liquid fuels, washed with the gases stream. The pressure additionally bears on the velocity component of combustion rate, whereat this influence depends mostly from the kind of the fuel.

13

Study of the influence of different factors on combustion processes (Part one)

Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2009

|

Vol. 16, No. 1

209-216

EN

Combustion processes of liquid fuels are more complicated than gases fuels ones. With reference to liquid fuels appear additionally fuel vaporization processes and e.g. with reference to solid fuels - decomposition of the solid phase with processes melting, vaporization, pyrolysis, or gasification. Those processes demand a lot of heat, go ahead slow down than processes in gas phase. The influence of the gases pressure on combustion of liquid and solid fuels, where controlling processes are processes decomposition of these phases, is more complicated and fundamentally differs from the influence of the pressure on combustion processes of gases fuels. The influence is characterized to these that pressurization decreases the intensity decomposition both the liquid phase, and solid one. In the paper assumptions to a model of the combustion process and the model of combustion processes of liquid fuels are presented. Research of the atomization process, ignition and combustion with the using of the LDV and PDPA Doppler laser-equipment and PIV are presented in the paper. Research results of the atomized fuel spray concerning droplet diameters, research result of the atomized fuel spray concerning linear and volumetric dropletlet dispersion, Rosin-Rammler dependences, and results of the analysis of the combustion rate are presented in the paper. On combustion rate of liquid fuels, the essential influence has a kind (laminar, transient and turbulent) and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer around the fuel droplet.