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Effect of nitrON® cetane-detergent additive to B7 fuel on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a 6Dg locomotive with a Caterpillar C27 engine

Cisek Jerzy, Borowski Andrzej, Całkowska Joanna, Wichary Łukasz

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 3

51--58

EN

In order to avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the fuel, the nitrON® package was used, containing 3 different additives: stabilizing, washing and increasing the cetane number of the fuel. The tests were carried out with the use of the Caterpillar C27 engine of the 6Dg locomotive connected to a water resistor. The hourly engine fuel consumption (FC), NOx concentration and exhaust opacity were measured for 3 points of the F test, in accordance with UIC 624. The concentration of the nitrON® additive in the test fuel was 1500 ppm (v/v). For idling, the reduction in FC value was only 1.5% (in relation to the base fuel), but for a very high engine load and nominal rotational speed, the percentage reduction in FC was as high as 5%. The reduction of NOx concentration for idling (as a result of using nitrON®) was approx. 10%, while for high engine load, the percentage reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gas exceeded 15%.

2

Badania osadu z wody dennej ze zbiorników z magazynowanym olejem napędowym

Górska-Włodarczyk Wioletta, Bogdanowicz Zdzisław

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2021

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Vol. 70, nr 4

127--146

PL

W pracy zbadano wodę denną pozyskaną ze zbiorników z magazynowym olejem napędowym w czasie krótko- i długotrwałego przechowywania, w celu określenia substancji świadczących o oddziaływaniu wody ze składnikami paliwa. Do badań zastosowano rzeczywiste fazy wodne pozyskane ze zbiorników ze standardowym olejem napędowym oraz o polepszonych właściwościach niskotemperaturowych, z aktualnym poziomem biokomponentu i dodatków uszlachetniających. Osady powstałe wskutek odparowania wody poddano badaniom jakościowym i ilościowym, a otrzymane wyniki porównano ze składem dostępnych handlowo dodatków uszlachetniających oraz biokomponentu. Wyniki badań wskazały na obecność węglowodorów, dodatków, mikroorganizmów, a także związków niezidentyfikowanych w przeprowadzonych badaniach, co potwierdziło oddziaływanie składników paliwa z fazą wodną w zbiornikach z magazynowym olejem napędowym.

EN

In this study, the bottom water obtained from short- and long-term storage diesel oil tanks was ex-amined in order to determine the substances that indicate the interaction of water with fuel components. The actual water phases obtained from tanks with standard diesel oil and with improved low-temperature proper-ties, with the current level of biocomponent and fuel additives were used for the research. The sediments formed as a result of water evaporation were subjected to qualitative and quantitative tests, and the obtained results were compared with the composition of commercially available additives and a biocomponent. The test results indicated the presence of hydrocarbons, additives, microorganisms and compounds unidentified in the conducted tests, which confirmed the interaction of fuel components with the water phase in tanks with stor-age diesel oil.

3

Korzystny czy szkodliwy wpływ sadzy na rośliny – badania modelowe

Bojko M., Lenart K., Warkiewicz E., Kalicka B., Chyc M., Olchawa-Pajor M., Latowski D.

Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska

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2016

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Vol. 18, nr 2

81--92

EN

The aim of the study was investogated the effect of selected types of soot on Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro culture. In experiments different type the soot were used: (1) formed in the presence of a commercial fuel additive containing significant quantities of sodium chloride and copper(II) sulfate(VI) (2) prepared by adding of the newly developed additive without NaCl and with triiron tetraoxide instead of copper and (3) prepared without additive. The soot were added to the culture media (to the root) or applied on the leaves. The parameters such as root length, fresh weight, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv / Fm), the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, index of tolerance (IT) were analyzed. The fresh weights of the investigated plants were comparable or slightly lower than the fresh weights of control plants. The values of the photosynthetic efficiency were comparable to the control when the soot were added to culture medium (to the root) or slightly lower when were applied on the leaves. However, content of photosynthetic pigments were higher than in control plants. The highest indexes of tolerance (even above 100%) were observed for plants growing on media containing the soot formed in the presence of additive with iron.

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu wybranych rodzajów sadzy na Arabidopsis thaliana w hodowlach in vitro. Stosowano sadzę powstałą: (1) w obecności komercyjnego dodatku paliwowego zawierającego chlorek sodu i siarczan(VI) miedzi(II), (2) dodatku nowoopracowanego zawierającego tetratlenek triżelaza i (3) bez dodatku. Sadze dodawano do pożywek hodowlanych (dokorzeniowo) lub nanoszono na blaszki liściowe (dolistnie) i analizowano parametry takie jak: długość korzenia, świeża masa, wydajność kwantowa fotosyntezy (Fv/Fm), stężenie barwników fotosyntetycznych, indeks tolerancji (IT). Świeża masa roślin była porównywalna lub nieco niższa niż roślin kontrolnych. Wartości wydajności kwantowej fotosyntezy były porównywalne z kontrolą gdy sadza była podawana dokorzeniowo lub nieco niższe, gdy stosowano ją dolistnie. Zawartość barwników fotosyntetycznych była wyższa niż w roślinach kontrolnych. Najwyższy indeks tolerancji (nawet powyżej 100%) charakteryzował rośliny rosnące na podłożach z dodatkiem sadzy powstałej w obecności katalizatora zawierającego żelazo.

4

Experimental investigation on varying engine torque of SI engine working under gasoline blended with ethanol and methoxy ethanol blends

Balaji D., Govindarajan P., Venkatesan J.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 16, no 4

1237-1248

EN

This paper investigates the effect of using unleaded gasoline blended with ethanol and methoxy ethanol blends on spark ignition engine (SI engine) performance, and exhaust emission. A four stroke, single cylinder SI engine was used for conducting this study. Performance tests were conducted for fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, brake power, engine torque and brake specific fuel consumption, while exhaust emissions were analysed for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) using unleaded gasoline and additives blends with different percentages of fuel at varying engine torque condition and constant engine speed. The result showed that blending unleaded gasoline with additives increases the brake power, volumetric and brake thermal efficiencies and fuel consumption. The CO and HC emissions concentrations in the engine exhaust decrease while the NOx concentration increases.

5

The influence of fuel additive on direct-injection diesel engine fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Labeckas G., Slavinskas S.

Journal of KONES

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2004

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Vol. 11, No. 3-4

7-13

EN

One of the methods that allows reduce the specific fuel consumption of Diesel engines and avoid possihle damage ofthe environment by harmful exhaust gases is application ofthe fuel additives. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the fuel additive SO-2E on the fuel consumption of a direct-injection Diesel engine and to evaluate the quantitative emission composition changes and smoke opacity of the exhausts. Investigations were conducted on the four cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated, water cooled. 59 kW Diesel engine D-243. Test results show that the application of fuel additive SO-2E in proportion 1:500 (by volume) does not have significant Influence on the brake specific fuel consumption. The total emission of nitrogen oxides Nox at the rated performance regime due to the usage of the fuel additive reduces by 11.6 percent, primary because of lower NO concentration. The carbon monoxide CO emission from fully loaded engine at the rated speed due to application of the fuel additive SO-2E increases up to 20 percent, although at other performance regimes the additive influence is minor. The smoke opacity from treated fuel at light-to-moderate loads slightly decreases, however at the engine rated speed it becomes by 5 - 10 percent higher.