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The challenges of aquaculture in protecting the aquatic ecosystems in the context of climate changes

Wróbel Jacek, Gałczyńska Małgorzata, Tański Adam, Korzelecka-Orkisz Agata, Formicki Krzysztof

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

231--241

EN

The paper discusses the current prognoses of aquaculture development worldwide putting an emphasis on its effect on the environment and the issue of the protection of water reservoirs in different countries. Water consumption in diversified aquaculture systems is presented herein as well as the characteristics of the mechanical and biological water treatment methods in fish farms, with particular attention paid to the recirculating water systems. New aquaculture technologies using post-production waters are presented. The paper provides a discussion on the contribution of aquaculture to the global greenhouse gas emissions and the means of limiting this emission. The effect of climate change on aquatic ecosystems is presented in the context of the changes of the aquaculture production profile. The paper includes a brief presentation of the methods of mitigating the changes with respect to contamination of aquatic ecosystems as well as climate change. Reducing the water footprint can be achieved through selective breeding, species diversification and implementation of more technologically advanced aquaculture systems such as: integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, aquaponics and recirculation systems in aquaculture. The need for certification of fish farms with water recirculation systems is justified in the paper. The issues addressed herein are summarised and the main areas for extending the research promoting preservation of aquatic ecosystems in aquaculture are presented.

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Performance of Metallothionein Biomarker from Sulcospira testudinaria to Assess Heavy Metal Pollution in the Brantas River Watershed, Indonesia

Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto, Arfiati Diana, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Putra Renanda B. D. S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

276--286

EN

Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems is a critical issue because it threatens the ecosystem as well as public health. Early detection of these pollutants is therefore essential, and biomarker analysis can be an ideal way to achieve this. Metallothionein (MT) protein is a widely-used molecular biomarker related to the physiological and biological changes which suitable bioindicators, like freshwater snails, undergo in stressful environments. The purpose of this research is to assess the relationship between the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) and MT levels in freshwater snails (Sulcospira testudinaria) in the Brantas River watershed. Heavy metals were assayed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while MT levels were analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Water quality parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia concentration, and phenol concentration were also measured. Samples were obtained from ten sampling sites at Brantas River watershed. The results indicated that Pb concentration ranged from 0.001–0.006 mg/L, Hg from 0.001–0.005 mg/L, and Cd from 0.005–0.03 mg/L, while MT concentration ranged from 0.40–0.80 ng/g. Relationship analysis between heavy metals and MT level in this study revealed the significant effect of Pb concentration on MT values in Sulcospira testudinaria. Therefore, MT in this snail is a potential biomarker for Pb contamination.

3

Use of Harmful Algae Presence to Assess Water Quality in Lake Ranu Grati, Indonesia

Sunadji, Mahmudi Mohammad, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Tobuku Ridwan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

118--127

EN

The evaluation of water quality is commonly conducted by measuring physicochemical parameters. However, to enable identification of water quality changes of aquatic ecosystems, such as lakes, requires long time series data sampling. In this study, we performed water quality assessments by utilising the presence of potential harmful algae presence in Lake Ranu Grati, Indonesia. We conducted water sampling to evaluate 13 water quality parameters (in-situ and ex-situ) and identified the phytoplankton community structure of the lake at seven sampling sites from December 2018 to February 2019. To assess the water quality of the lake, we used two approaches. First, calculated the classical water quality index using the STORET method. Second, identified the potential harmful algae from the phytoplankton community structure of Lake Ranu Grati, and then determined the water quality factors related to its occurrence using canonical correspondence analysis. The results showed that water quality conditio of Lake Ranu Grati was optimum except for COD, BOD and ammonia. The STORET index also classified the seven sites in Lake Ranu Grati as lightly polluted and moderately polluted. Considering the presence of potentially harmful algae from the Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta divisions, it was suggested that Sites 6 and 7 were the most polluted areas of Lake Ranu Grati, which corresponded to the high concentration of COD and BOD. This finding indicates that agricultural and aquaculture activities around the lake need to be controlled to maintain the sustainability of the water quality condition of Lake Ranu Grati.

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Microbiome dynamics modeling and analysis in relation to spatio-temporal changes in physicochemical conditions of the water ecosystem

Woźnica Andrzej, Kwaśniewski Mirosław, Chwiałkowska Karolina, Łozowski Bartosz, Absalon Damian, Libera Marcin, Krzyżowski Michał, Babczyńska Agnieszka

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 1

18--30

EN

In this paper, we consider the development of reliable tools to assess the water quality and state of aquatic ecosystems in dynamic conditions a crucial need to address. One of such tools could be devised by monitoring the taxonomic structure of reservoirs’ microbiomes. Microbial taxa’s ecological and metabolic characteristics suggest their essential roles in maintaining the water ecosystem’s environmental equilibrium. The study aimed to explain the role of diversity and seasonal variability of the microbial communities in the ecosystem stability on the example of Goczałkowice Reservoir (Poland). The structure of the reservoir microbiome was studied using bioinformatics and modeling techniques. Water was sampled periodically in July & November 2010, and April 2011 at four representative sites. The abundance and relative fraction of the limnetic taxonomic units were determined in respect to the physicochemical indices. Significant seasonal variations in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) were observed within the reservoir basin’s main body but not at the main tributary’s mouth. The highest values of the correlation coefficients between OTU and physicochemical variables were obtained for Burkholderiales, Pseudoanabenales, Rickettsiales, Roseiflexales, Methylophilales, Actinomycetales, and Cryptophyta. These microorganisms are proposed as indicators of environmental conditions and water quality. Metataxonomic analyses of the freshwater microbiome in the reservoir, showed that microorganisms constitute conservative communities that undergo seasonal and local changes regarding the relative participation of the identified taxa. Therefore, we propose that monitoring those variations could provide a reliable measure of the state of aquatic ecosystems.

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Accumulation of Cd and Pb in water, sediment and two littoral plants (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia) of freshwater ecosystem

Borowiak K., Kanclerz J., Mleczek M., Lisiak M., Drzewiecka K.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 3

47--57

EN

Cd and Pb concentrations were measured in water, sediment and plant organs collected from selective sites located along the Bogdanka river (Poznań, Poland) in the 2012 growing season. The aim of the investigations was to monitor changes in heavy metal (HM) concentrations in different media over the periods, as well as to evaluate potential of two littoral plants, Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia, for phytoremediation under natural conditions. Investigations revealed differences in HM concentrations in water and sediments. Higher values were observed in sediments than in water. The decrease in concentrations of both HMs in sediments was noted in two of the three selected water reservoirs during growing seasons, which suggests the possibility of their adsorption and accumulation by aquatic plants. Both investigated plant species accumulated ample amount of Cd and Pb in underground and aboveground plant tissues, however T. angustifolia revealed higher Cd translocation potential than P. australis. The latter revealed higher Pb accumulation in two lakes. Moreover, the translocation ratio was usually higher in spring, especially for Pb, in both plant species. Increasing level of pollution load index in sediment along the Bogdanka watercourse indicates accumulation of measured HMs.

PL

Stężenie Cd i Pb mierzono w wodzie, osadach, jak również w organach roślin zebranych z wybranych stanowisk zlokalizowanych wzdłuż biegu rzeki Bogdanka (Poznań, Polska) w sezonie wegetacyjnym 2012 roku. Celem badań był monitoring zmian zawartości metali ciężkich w różnych mediach w określonym czasie, jak również ocena dwóch gatunków roślin szuwarowych, Phragmites australis i Typha angustifolia, pod kątem zastosowania do fitoremediacji w warunkach naturalnych. Badania wykazały zróżnicowanie w stężeniach metali ciężkich w wodzie i osadach. Wyższe wartości zanotowano w osadach w porównaniu do wody. Zmniejszenie stężenia obu badanych pierwiastków zanotowano w osadach w dwóch z trzech badanych zbiorników w ciągu sezonu wegetacyjnego, co sugeruje możliwość ich absorpcji i akumulacji przez rośliny wodne. Oba badane gatunki zakumulowały pewne ilości Cd i Pb w częściach podziemnych i nadziemnych, jednakże T. angustifolia wykazała wyższy potencjał do translokacji Cd w porównaniu do P. australis. Ta ostatnia wykazała z kolei wyższy poziom akumulacji Pb w dwóch jeziorach. Współczynnik translokacji był w większości przypadków wyższy w okresie wiosennym, w szczególności dotyczy to Pb dla obu badanych gatunków. Zwiększający się poziom indeksu ładunku zanieczyszczeń w osadach wzdłuż biegu rzeki Bogdanka wskazywał na akumulację badanych pierwiastków.