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The Covid 19 pandemic – challenges for maritime transport and global logistics supply chains

Grzelakowski A. S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 1

71--77

EN

The outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic and the actions that all countries took in its aftermath all over the world in the first quarter of 2020 and later, i.e., during lockdowns and other restrictive measures, introducing a short and medium-term freezing of economic activity, had a strong impact on their economies and, consequently, also on the global economy. They hit seriously its particularly sensitive sectors, such as industry, trade and transport. The aim of undertaken research is to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the functioning of maritime transport sector as well as to indicate its consequences for the global supply chains between 2020 and 2021 (first quarter). The research is mainly focused on assessing the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on the global shipping and especially container one that is contemporarily the most vital link of the global intermodal land-sea supply chains. The analyses take into account the adaptive measures taken by ship operators and other individual parties being an integral link of the global supply chains with an aim to mitigate the effects of radical slowdown in industrial and global trade activity. The research was based on the analyses, reports and several business information carried out by specialized international organizations as well as ship carriers and logistics providers. The obtained research results indicate the need to reconfigure global logistics supply chains and increase their resilience by introducing new digital solutions. It is high time to introduce new smart, green digital supply chains and subsequently to reconfigure them much more towards the regional trade and economic relations and ties among countries (reshoring). Such activities aiming at rebuilding the logistic supply chains may at the same time change the presently existing business environment in global maritime shipping, enforcing not only changes in ship owners’ business models but also serious structural alterations on the shipping freight markets.

2

Freight Markets in the Global Container Shipping – Their Dynamics and Its Impact on the Freight Rates Quoting Mechanism

Grzelakowski A. S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 4

721--726

EN

The main subject of research involves the global freight market in the sector of container shipping, and in particular the mechanism for setting up freight rates. The aim of research is to identify and analyse the features and characteristics typical of this market, resulting from the character of market mechanism, as well as to indicate factors which determine market fluctuations and evaluate its impact for the carriers and shippers. Moreover, the causes and effects of fluctuations in effective demand and potential supply in the sector of freight market were identified in terms of their impact on freight rates. The analysis includes three main types of container markets, existing today on a global scale, and characterizes the strategies and modes of behaviour of global container operators undertaking activity on these markets. By applying the theory of mass random service and queueing theory to examine the container freight market mechanisms the method of freight rates short-term forecasting was presented which can be used as an instrument for taking decisions in the sector of global maritime logistics.

3

Assessment of the freight line calculation in the transport logistics system with sea and river sections

Boykov A. V., Kulapat D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 4

717--720

EN

The article presents the description of the transport logistics system for the carriage of goods on sea and inland waterways. The cargo line was calculated using sea and river transport routes and the calculation results were assessed. The coefficient of the circular voyage k r is given, which shows the need for the fleet in different types of vessels for the sea and inland water sections of the cargo line on condition that the vessels are equally loaded.

4

Globalny rynek morskich przewozów kontenerowych i jego wpływ na światowy rynek frachtowy i logistyczny

Grzelakowski A. S.

Logistyka

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2013

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nr 5

8--16

PL

Rynek globalnych morskich przewozów kontenerowych rozwija się dynamicznie, a jego udział w łącznych obrotach globalnego rynku frachtowego wzrasta. Rynek ten cechuje się dużą dynamiką zmian tak po stronie popytu, jak i podaży, co generuje niekiedy znaczne perturbacje dla sfery obrotu międzynarodowego i globalnego systemu logistycznego. Jego cechą jest silna konkurencja o charakterze oligopolistycznym, która prowadzi do nasilenia zjawisk koncentracji w tym sektorze przewozów. Poziom tej koncentracji ułatwia jego adaptację do wymogów otoczenia, to jest światowych rynków towarowych i logistycznych. To z kolei przekłada się wprost na poziom kosztów transportu i ich udział w cenach towarów.

EN

Global maritime container transport market has expanded recently in a very dynamic way. As a result, its share in the global freight market is rapidly growing. Its demand and supply site is being undergone significant quantitative changes which generates sometimes serious distortions on both global freight and commodity markets as well as logistics ones. The global maritime container market which is strongly driven by oligopolistic competition, stimulates various forms of concentration in this transport sector It enables that sector better apply to the standards of world commodity and logistics markets. It is directly reflected in the level of transport and logistics costs and their share in final commodity prices.