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Technical parameters of biostimulant spraying a determinant of biometric traits and yield of soybean seeds

Krawczuk Anna, Parafiniuk Stanisław, Przywara Artur, Huyghebaert Bruno, Rabier Fabienne, Limbourg Quentin, Mostade Olivier, Kocira Sławomir

Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 25, No. 1

171--179

EN

Spraying with various types of agrochemical substances, including biostimulants, is one of the basic agricultural treatments affecting the yield size and quality. The selected type of spraying nozzles can influence biological effectiveness of the applied substances. A 2-year field study showed which of the investigated nozzles increase the effectiveness of foliar application of a free amino acid biostimulant. The type of nozzle used for the application of biostimulants was reported to significantly influence the biometric properties and yield of soybean cultivation. It was observed that spraying nozzles, which generate finer droplets positively influence positively the biometric properties of plants and seed yield of seed than injector nozzles, which produce coarser droplets. A significant reduction of the thousand seeds mass after applying the biostimulant with standard flat fan nozzles is an exception. A 25.61% increase in soybean yield was reported after applying the biostimulant with standard flat fan nozzles and a 11.35% increase - with injector nozzles.

PL

Jednym z podstawowych zabiegów wpływających na wielkość i jakość uzyskiwanych plonów jest opryskiwanie roślin różnego rodzaju agrochemikaliami, w tym biostymulatorami. Dobór dysz rolniczych może wpływać na efektywność biologiczną stosowanych substancji. Przeprowadzone dwuletnie badania polowe pozwoliły stwierdzić, które z badanych dysz wpływają na efektywniejsze aplikowanie dolistne biostymulatora opartego na wolnych aminokwasach. Stwierdzono istotny wpływ rodzaju stosowanych dysz do aplikacji biostymulatora w uprawie soi na cechy biometryczne i plon soi. Zaobserwowano, że dysze wytwarzające więcej mniejszych kropel korzystniej wpłynęły na cechy biometryczne roślin i plon nasion niż dysze inżektorowe. Wyjątkiem jest istotne zmniejszenie masy tysiąca nasion po aplikacji biostymulatora za pomocą standardowych dysz płaskostrumieniowych. Stwierdzono wzrost plonowania soi o 25,61% po aplikacji biostymulatora dyszami standardowymi płaskostrumieniowymi i o 11,35% dyszami inżektorowymi.

2

Aminy biogenne w serach dojrzewających

Reps A., Wiśniewska K., Grześkiewicz A., Jankowska A.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2011

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T. 65, nr 10

38-42

PL

Niektóre drobnoustroje obecne w serze mają zdolność formowania amin biogennych z wolnych aminokwasów powstających w procesie dojrzewania sera. W serach twardych długo dojrzewających zawartość amin biogennych jest wyższa niż w serach półtwardych i miękkich. W serach tego samego rodzaju produkowanych przez różnych wytwórców zawartość amin biogennych może być zróżnicowana. Duża zawartość amin biogennych w serze może niekorzystnie wpływać na zdrowie konsumenta.

EN

Some of the microorganisms present in cheese are capable of forming biogenic amines of free amino acids generated in the process of cheese ripening. The content of biogenic amines in long-ripened hard cheese is higher than their proportion in the semi-hard and soft cheeses. In the same type of cheese, produced by different manufacturers, the content of biogenic amines can vary. The high content of biogenic amines in cheese may negatively affect the health of the consumer.

3

Kompozycja wolnych aminokwasów jako marker źródła pochodzenia miodów

Janiszewska K., Aniołowska M., Howis M., Nowakowski P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2011

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T. 90, nr 5

806-808

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Effect of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. feeding on phytochemical responses within the bird cherry Prunus padus L.

Sytykiewicz H., Goławska S., Chrzanowski G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

329-338

EN

Host specialization plays a central role in physiological diversification of aphids and plant-insect co-evolution. Different morphs of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) are specialized and locally adapted to both primary and secondary hosts. The abundance of bird cherry-oat aphid population was estimated using the technique of direct counting of aphid individuals infesting 50 randomly selected, fully expanded 1-year side shoots of bird cherry (approx. 40 cm long) grown in the Municipal Park "Aleksandria" in Siedlce (central-eastern Poland). Entomological observations were conducted during three consecutive vegetation seasons: 2001.2003. The impact of R. padi feeding on composition of free amino acids within leaves of its primary host (the bird cherry, Prunus padus L.), infested and uninfested by aphids were studied. Eight essential amino acids (Val, Thr, Phe, Ileu, Leu, Met, His and Lys) and seven non-essential amino acids (Asp, Glu, Pro, Ser, Ala, Gly and Tyr) were identified in the bird cherry-oat leaves with the use of highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation. There were quantitative differences in free amino acids content between the tested bird cherry-oat leaves (infested and uninfested by aphids). Levels of the free amino acids were decreased in leaves attacked by R. padi, and detailed analyses revealed about 20% decline in the content of studied components during maximal aphid abundance in comparison with non-infested leaves. Additionally, the feeding behavior of the bird cherry-oat aphid seasonal morphs (fundatrix, fundatrigeniae, alatae) on the primary host was investigated. Using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) we showed differences in feeding behavior of bird cherry-oat aphid morphs on primary host. The total probing time was greatest for fundatrigeniae among all studied morphs. These individuals spent more time during phloem sap ingestion then others. Adults of alatae were not active in the phloem sap ingestion on the bird cherry. Among the tested morphs xylem sap ingestion activity was greatest for alatae. It is hypothesized that rejection of primary host and subsequent the bird cherry-oat aphid migration onto secondary hosts may be stimulated by the decline in levels of free amino acids within primary host leaves caused by long-term R. padi feeding. Comparative analyses of the aphid probing behavior additionally proved that P. padus leaves possessed high nutritive value of food for non-winged morphs (early stages of aphid infestation), while not sufficient for winged alatae (terminal phase of infestation).