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The Influence of Chemical Amelioration on the Structure of the Phosphate Fund of Retisol of Western Polissia in Ukraine

Polovyy Volodymyr, Yashchenko Liudmyla, Lopushniak Vasyl, Kolesnyk Tetiana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

100--110

EN

The study of changes in the structure of the phosphate fund of retisol after two rotations of a 4-field field crop rotation under the influence of the introduction of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and limestone (CaCO3) flour in different doses before the start of the first rotation was carried out in the stationary experiment of the Institute of Agriculture of the Western Polissia of Ukraine. The dose of limestone materials is calculated on the basis of hydrolytic acidity (Hh) 2.80–2.97 mol/kg: for dolomite flour 0.5 Hh – 2.2 t/ha; 1.0 Hh – 4.7; 1.5 Hh – 6.7 t/ha; for limestone flour 1.0 Hh – 4.9 t/ha. The saturation of crop rotation with mineral fertilizers was N112Р87К105. The general background of the experiment was the annual application of the non-marketable part of the crop at a dose of 6.0 t/ha of biomass. The purpose of the work is to investigate the directionality of the transformation of the forms and different fractions of retisol phosphorus under the influence of liming against the background of systematic fertilization after the completion of the second crop rotation rotation. Research has established that under the influence of the introduction of meliorants, the share of mineral phosphorus compounds (P inorganic) fluctuated widely according to the experiment options (47.0 – 67.4% of P total), and organic – in the range of 28.5–37.5% P total. Liming against the background of fertilizer application also caused certain changes in the proportions between different forms of phosphorus. The main part (55.5–70.7%) of inorganic P is aluminum phosphates (Al-P) and iron phosphates (Fe-P). Liming with increasing doses of meliorants significantly (р = 0.05) affected the reduction of the total share of Al-P and Fe-P compared to the control and application of only mineral fertilizers, and also contributed to a significant increase in the share of Ca-P calcium phosphates (р = 0.01). At рНKCl 4.0–6.0, the content of P inorganic fractions was distributed in the order from maximum to minimum indicators: Al-P > Fe-P > Р soluble >Са-Р. Neutralization of the acidity of the soil solution also contributed to a significant increase in the contentof the soluble fraction of phosphorus (P soluble) to 4.9-5.4% of total P (р = 0.05), and the level of availability oflabile phosphorus compounds of the studied soil increased and was noted as high. The established features of thetransformation of the phosphate pool in retisol under the influence of the introduction of chemical ameliorantsindicate an increase in the share of bioavailable phosphorus compounds, significant changes in the conditions ofphosphorus nutrition of crop rotation crops and a change in the functional stability of the agroecosystem in general.

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The influence of a long-term reclamation on the content of phosphorus forms in soils formed from post-mining lands

Spychalski W., Głowacki A., Mocek-Płóciniak A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 60, nr 4

84--88

EN

The paper contains the results of the research on the content of phosphorus and its speciation in the soils formed from postmining lands after over thirty years of their reclamation. Experimental factors included two crop rotations: frumentaceousrapeseed and fodder-frumentaceous, and three fertilization levels: 0NPK, 1NPK and 2NPK. Fractioning was conducted with Hedley’s method. Total content of phosphorus oscillated between 397,2 and 935,8 mg P · kg-1of soil. The content of all the analysed forms of phosphorus increased along with the growth of fertilization level and was between 6,27 and 24,6 mg P · kg-1 of soil - for water-soluble phosphorus, 5,5 and 50,8 mg P · kg-1 of soil for 0,5 mole · dm-3 NaHCO3 extracted phosphorus, 5,2 and 44,4 mg P · kg-1of soil for 0,1 mole · dm-3 NaOH extracted phosphorus, 227,0 and 649,2 mg P · kg-1of soil for 1 mole · dm-3 HCl phosphorus and 60,9 and113,5 mg P · kg-1of soil for residual phosphorus. Statistically important differences have arisen between the same combinations of mineral fertilization implemented in the analysed crop rotations. Higher content of phosphorus both in total and the majority of analysed fractions, was found in the samples collected from the fields with fodder-frumentaceous crop rotation.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące zawartości fosforu oraz jego specjacje w glebach wytworzonych z gruntów pogórniczych po przeszło trzydziestu latach ich rekultywacji. Czynnikami doświadczenia były dwa płodozmiany: zbożowo-rzepakowy oraz paszowo-zbożowy oraz trzy poziomy nawożenia:0NPK, 1NPK oraz 2NPK. Frakcjonowanie przeprowadzono metodą Hedleya. Całkowita zawartość fosforu wahała się od 397,2 do 935,8 mg P · kg-1gleby. Zawartość wszystkich analizowanych form fosforu zwiększała się wraz ze wzrostem poziomu nawożenia i wahała się w przedziale dla fosforu wodnorozpuszczalnego od 6,27do 24,6 mg P · kg-1 gleby, ekstrahowanego 0,5 mol · dm-3 NaHCO3 od 5,5 do 50,8 mg P · kg-1gleby, ekstrahowanego 0,1 mol · dm-3 NaOH od 5,2 do 44,4 mg P · kg-1gleby, ekstrahowanego 1 mol · dm-3 HCl od 227,0 do 649,2 mg P · kg-1gleby, fosforu rezydualnego od 60,9-113,5 mg P · kg-1gleby. Wystąpiły statystycznie istotne różnice pomiędzy tymi samymi kombinacjami nawożenia mineralnego zastosowanymi w analizowanych płodozmianach. Większe ilości fosforu zarówno całkowitego, jak i w większości analizowanych frakcji stwierdzono w próbkach pobranych z poletek płodozmianu zbożowo-rzepakowego. Tylko frakcja fosforu rezydualnego dominowała w glebach pobranych z poletek płodozmianu paszowo- zbożowego.

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The dynamics of phosphorus in lacustrine sediments : contents and fractions in relation to lake trophic state and chemical composition of bottom deposits

Rzepecki M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 3

409-427

EN

Phosphorus is still recognized as the element driving the matter cycling in freshwater ecosystems. It is the key nutrient in productivity and eutrophication process of lakes and reservoirs. The bottom sediments cumulatively formed inside and in-shore of lakes play a crucial role in accumulation/sorption of phosphorus organic compounds, as well as in release/desorption of the compounds available for uptake by producers and microbial heterotrophs. These two opposite processes are dependent on the chemical composition of sediments and on the site conditions (like oxygen, pH) in over-bottom layers. About three hundred of the sediment surface layer samples were taken from the lacustrine habitats in a variety of lakes typical for postglacial landscape (Masurian Lakeland, Poland): profundal and littoral zones in lakes forming a trophic gradient including a humic lake, river/lake ecotone zone and wetland sites adjacent to lake shoreline. The contents of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and Al were analysed as well as the amount of total P (TP) and its three basic groups i.e. easily exchangeable, hardly exchangeable and non-exchangeable fractions. It was found that the sediments of humic lake had the most different, distinct chemical composition and contained very small amounts of Fe, Mn, Mg and Ca - nearly 30 times less than sediments of other, non-humic lakes. These sediments contained the most of organic matter and similar (as in non-humic lakes) amounts of TP whose dominant part (80%) consists of hardly exchangeable organic fraction. Sediments of lakes forming the trophic gradient along the small (15 km long) river (Jorka River) showed consistent changes in the chemical composition. Sediments of lakes situated up the river system (meso- and meso-eutrophic lakes) had higher content of organic matter and Ca but lower content of TP, Fe and Mg than sediments of lakes in the lower part of the river system (eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes). The content of these elements was also higherin profundal than in littoral sediments. Significantly higher content (40-70%) of non-exchangeable P was found in sediments of eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes than in sediments of meso- and meso-eutrophic lakes (30-60%) in both the littoral and profundal zones. Sediments of the river-lake-river ecotones (Krutynia River) showed also the consistent changes of element content along the river flow through the lake. The amount of TP was lower in riverine sediments down and upstream the lake than in lake sediments. Organic matter and Fe contents were lower and Ca, Mg, Mn and Al contents were higher in river-lake-river ecotones or similar to those in sediments of the lakes from the trophic gradient. Easily exchangeable phosphorus prevailed in lake sediments; TP in riverine sediments was dominated by hardly exchangeable and non-exchangeable forms and was similar to that found in littoral sediments of lakes from the trophic gradient. Inshore wetland sediments were characterized by a highcontent of organic matter - higher than in littoral and profundal sediments of lakes forming the trophic gradient. The content of Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe was two to five times lower than in sediments of lakes from the trophic gradient but similar to sediments of humic lake. They also contained less TP than profundal sediments from the trophic gradient and humic lakes but had similar content to littoral and riverine sediments. As in the case of profundal and riverine sediments, non-exchangeable and hardly exchangeable P fractions dominated TP content in wetland inshore sediments. Almost all phosphorus a ccumulated in these sediments is associated with a high organic matter deposition. The study results concern the basic types of lake and lacustrine habitats representative for the postglacial landscape of north and north-east Europe. A significant diversity of sediment origin, chemical composition and phosphorus amount and its potential mobility was found among the sediment types. The wetland and humic sediments appeared to be active in cumulation and stabilisation of P resources while sediment of nonhumic, trophic lakes (especially in profundal zoners) are the active sites for P release and sorption processes.