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Investigation of the screen printed contacts of silicon solar cells using Transmission Line Model

Dobrzański L. A., Musztyfaga M., Drygała A., Panek P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2010

Vol. 41, nr 1-2

57-65

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to analyze how to improve the quality of the screen printed contacts of silicon solar cells. This means forming front side grid in order to decrease contact resistance. Design/methodology/approach: The topography of screen printed contacts were investigated using ZEISS SUPRA 25 scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectrometer for microchemical analysis. Front collection grid was created using two types of Ag pastes.The Transmission Line Model (TLM) patterns were fabricated by screen printing method on p – type Czochralski silicon Cz-Si wafer with n+ emitter without texture and with a titanium oxide (TiOx) layer as an antireflection coating (ARC). Electrical properties of contacts were investigated using TLM. Findings: This work presents a conventional analysis of a screen printing process for contact formation in the crystalline silicon solar cells. The seed layer was created using silver pasts by the screen printed metallization. These contact structures were investigated using SEM to gain a better understanding of the obtained electrical parameters. Research limitations/implications: The contact resistance of the screen-printed metallization depends not only on the kind of applied paste and firing conditions, but is also strongly influenced by the surface morphology of the silicon substrate. Practical implications: Contact formation is an important production step to be optimized in the development of high efficiency solar cells. Originality/value: The effect of co-firing different pasts (especially a past, which was prepared using silver nano-powder) on electrical properties of silicon wafers.

Formation of photovoltaic modules based on polycrystalline solar cells

Dobrzański L. A., Drygała A., Januszka A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2009

Vol. 37, nr 2

607-616

Purpose: The main aim of the paper is formation of photovoltaic modules and analysis of their main electric parameters. Design/methodology/approach: Photovoltaic modules were produced from four polycrystalline silicon solar cells, that were cut and next joined in series. Soft soldering technique and copper-tin strip were used for joining cells. Findings: In order to provide useful power for any application, the individual solar cells must be connected together to give the appropriate current and voltage levels. Taking this fact into account the analysis of photovoltaic module construction was performed. Research limitations/implications: The main goal of the research is to show the practical application of solar cells. Two photovoltaic modules were assembled and their basic electric properties were analysed. It was shown that they may be successively applied as an alternative energy source. Practical implications: Photovoltaic modules are irreplaceable in areas which are far away from power network. Simply photovoltaic module can supply small device without any problem. Originality/value: The produced photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic systems confirm the utility of solar energy in every place where the sun radiation is available. Because of exhaust conventional energy sources like coal or earth gas, new renewable sources of energy (sunlight, wind) are more and more often used. It brings huge ecological benefits.