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A Mini-Review on Thin-Film Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes for Forward Osmosis Applications

Al-Musawy Wafaa Kh., Al-Furaiji Mustafa H., Aljumaily Mustafa Mohammed, Rashid Khalid T., Salih Hussein G., Alsalhy Qusay F., Majdi Hasan Sh., Figoli Alberto

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

287--301

EN

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology that has been extensively studied in the last decade as an efficient method for desalination and water treatment. FO presents many benefits over traditional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and distillation. Nevertheless, there are many decisive challenges; the great significance one is the new modification and advances in the preparation of the TFC membranes that must be achieved to enhance the FO performance. Therefore, preparing a suitable TFC membrane with a low structural parameter, low tortuosity, and high porosity are preferred in preparing the TFC membranes to get higher water flux and lower salt flux. This paper reviewed the recent development and advances in using TFC hollow fiber membranes in FO applications. Within that, the most widely applied monomers to prepare the thin polyamide layer (PA) in TFC membranes and the additives that are added during the preparation of the PA layer and their effect on the performance of the TFC membranes have been discussed. Moreover, an effort is made to generate a TFC membrane properties and performance trend according to the results of the water permeate flux and reverse salt flux of the modified TFC FO membranes and the future perspectives and concluding remarks on the FO membrane are evaluated.

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Nowe technologie uzdatniania wody w przemyśle spożywczym

Dajnowiec Fabian, Marjanowski Jan

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2020

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T. 74, nr 6

11--17

PL

Według prognoz do 2030 roku na świecie nastąpi ograniczenie dostępności wody i będzie wynosiło ok. 40%, natomiast 50% populacji Ziemi pozostanie bez bezpośredniego dostępu do wody pitnej. Dlatego należy podejmować starania mające na celu skuteczniejsze uzdatnianie i większy odzysk wody z możliwych i dostępnych źródeł, często nazywanych potocznie źródłami niekonwencjonalnymi. W artykule przedstawiono dwie metody, które z powodzeniem mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w gospodarce wodą w zakładach przemysłu spożywczego. Pierwszą z nich jest osmoza bezpośrednia (FO), którą można zakwalifikować do membranowych technik rozdziału wykorzystujących istnienie siły napędowej pomiędzy stronami połprzepuszczalnej membrany. Drugą techniką pozwalającą na odsalanie wody jest pojemnościowa dejonizacja (CDI), w której wykorzystano działanie prądu stałego o niskim napięciu na przepływający między elektrodami płyn. Nowe metody oczyszczania wody zapewniają możliwości pozyskiwania tańszej wody zakładom przetwórstwa żywności.

EN

According to forecasts, until 2030 in the world water availability will have limited and it will be compared to about 40%, while 50% of the Earth’s population will remain without access to drinking water. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve water treatment and recovery from possible and available sources, often colloquially called unconventional sources. In this article two methods that can be successfully used in water management in food-processing plants are present. The first is forward osmosis (FO), which can be classified as membrane separation techniques using the existence of a driving force between the sides of the semi-permeable membrane. The second technique which allows water desalination is capacitive deionization (CDI), which uses the effect of low voltage direct on the fluid flowing between the electrodes. New methods of water purification provide the possibility of obtaining cheaper water for food-processing plants.

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Removal of Cobalt ions from Wastewater by Batch and flowing Forward Osmosis Processes

Hussein Tamara Kawther

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

121--126

EN

This study was focused on forward osmosis batch and forward osmosis flowing processes to remove heavy metal (Co+2 ions) from wastewater. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane was used as flat sheet for forward osmosis process. Potassium chloride KCl with different concentrations was used as draw solutions. The experimental work was divided into two parts. Forward osmosis flowing process as first part, was discussed under different operating parameters studied, such as the concentration of draw solutions 10–20 g/l, concentration of feed solutions 15–150 mg/l, temperature of feed and draw solutions 20–50 ºC, pH of feed solution from 2 to 10, feed and draw flow rate were maintained at 50 l/h, and pressure was maintained at 0.25 bar gauge. Forward osmosis batch process as second part, was discussed under different operating parameters, such as the concentration of draw solutions 10–120 g/l, concentration of feed solutions 15–150 mg/l, temperature of feed and draw solutions 20–50 ºC, and pH of feed solution from 2 to 10. The results showed that the water flux increased along with the draw solution concentration, and temperature of feed and draw solutions and decreased with the increasing operating time of experiment, concentration and pH of feed solution. The value of rejection efficiency after 4hrs reached 81.19% for the FO flowing process and 73.19% for the FO batch process.

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Jeszcze jedna funkcja mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych w oczyszczaniu ścieków: wytwarzanie wody o wysokiej jakości

He Z.

Chemik

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2012

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Vol. 66, nr 1

3-10

PL

Zrównoważona technologia oczyszczania ścieków powinna skutecznie obniżać stężenie zanieczyszczeń, odzyskiwać energię i minimalizować zrzut cieczy. Potencjalnym kandydatem na taką technologię jest mikrobiologiczne ogniwo paliwowe (MFC - ang. Microbial Fuel Cell), które może wytwarzać bioelektryczność bezpośrednio z oczyszczania ścieków. Jednak oczyszczony ściek z MFC nie jest ponownie wykorzystywany z powodu niezadowalającej jakości wody. Do wytwarzania wody o wysokiej jakości za pomocą MFC zaproponowaliśmy i zbadaliśmy dwie metody wykorzystujące zintegrowane technologie membranowe. W szczególności osmotyczne MFC, w których wykorzystuje się osmozę wymuszoną (ang. forward osmosis) i MFC, okazały się wykonalne w badaniach na skalę laboratoryjną. Nowa funkcja polegająca na wytwarzaniu wody o wysokiej jakości, choć nadal stanowiąca duże wyzwanie, czyni z MFC obiecującą metodę ekologicznie zrównoważonego oczyszczania ścieków.

EN

A sustainable wastewater treatment technology should effectively reduce contaminant concentration, recovery energy contents and minimize liquid discharge. A potential candidate for such a technology is a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that can produce bioelectricity directly from wastewater treatment. However, the treated effluent from MFCs is not reused because of unsatisfied water quality. To produce high-quality water using MFCs, we proposed and studied two approaches with integrated membrane technologies. Especially, the osmotic MFCs that take advantage of both forward osmosis and MFCs have been proven feasible with bench-scale studies. The new function of producing high-quality water, although still very challengeable, will make MFCs a promising approach for sustainable wastewater treatment.

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Less commonly used membrane desalination technologies

Bolto B., Hoang M., Tran T.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2008

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Vol. 34, no. 3

5-16

EN

The literature on membrane distillation and forward osmosis for treating natural and recovered wastewaters is reviewed. There is renewed interest in these membrane technologies as alternatives to pressure driven processes such as reverse osmosis, which are expensive in both capital and energy, and generally require pre-treatment of the feed water. Membrane distillation with hydrophobic microfiltration membranes can make use of low-grade heat energy, and give higher yields of product water from concentrated feed waters. Forward osmosis uses hydrophilic membranes akin to reveres osmosis, and needs a draw solution that is appropriate in the product water, or must be recovered and reused in large-scale operation. Although they show great promise as simple low energy systems, no large-scale installation of either process exists as yet. Membrane distillation has considerable potential for desalination to produce drinking water, whereas FO is currently confined to small-scale systems, especially as a source of energy drinks in emergency situations.