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Singing voice analysis on the basis of acoustic parameters

Bednarz Natalia, Madej Zdzisław

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2023

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Vol. 34, nr 2

art. no. 2023211

EN

Voice plays a fundamental role in human relations. In addition to its communicative function in everyday life, the voice also acts as an instrument or a working tool for singers, teachers or actors. It is said that singing is an extension of speech, but performing it correctly is a complex task that requires hard work and training. This paper draws attention to the problem of insufficient training in voice emission and voice control of singers in amateur choirs, which can cause strain and disorders of the phonatory system. Tool that can assess the quality of a person's singing on the basis of acoustic parameters may prove useful. In order to determine parameters that could help evaluate the correctness of singing, a study was conducted on a group of 10 choir members and one professional singer. The study consisted of recording the singers' voice during singing and speech. The subjects performed simple vocal exercises consisting mainly in upward and downward sound modulation. In this study, portions of the recordings were analysed to determine parameters like Maximal Phonation Time (MPT), Singing Power Ratio (SPR) or signal integral. The values of obtained parameters for the choristers were compared with the results of the professional singer, which allowed to select those parameters that may be helpful in the evaluation of the singing voice. The parameters for which the connection between their value and singing correctness has been shown create a vector of features that can be used to assess the correctness of classical singing. The paper also describes further research plan.

2

Timbre Solfege and auditory profile analysis

Żera Jan

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2019

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Vol. 30, nr 1

art. no. 2019122

EN

A course in auditory evaluation of sound, called Timbre Solfege, was developed by a team of researchers headed by Professor Andrzej Rakowski, at the Music Acoustics Laboratory, Chopin University of Music. A large part of the course, taught at the Department of Sound Engineering, has been focused on the detection and identification of timbre changes produced by formants and by other kind of sound spectrum modifications. Detecting formants in sound recordings is an auditory task that has much in common with auditory profile analysis, an area of research initiated and developed in psychoacoustics by Professor David M. Green, exploring the fundamentals of detection of changes in the sound spectrum envelope shape, independently of the differences in loudness between the sounds. The purpose of this study is an attempt to relate the results of the Timbre Solfege sound evaluation drills to the theory of the auditory profile analysis.

3

Coding effects on changes in formant frequencies in Japanese speech signals

Kucharski Mateusz, Brachmański Stefan

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2019

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Vol. 30, nr 1

art. no. 2019131

EN

This paper presents results of research on effects of lossy coding on formant frequencies for japanese speech signals. Additionally changes in pitch of the voice were inspected. For this research four most popular lossy coding standards were chosen, MP3, WMA, AAC and OGG, and compared to original WAVE files. Audio files were created by the author based on ITU-T P.501 recommendation in two sampling frequencies, 16 kHz and 48 kHz, and converted into chosen codecs. To extract the data from audio files, open license software Praat was used. Due to discovered differences in time duration between original and encoded files, that also differed between individual codecs, only OGG and WMA standards were compared directly. MP3 and AAC standards were divided into Japanese syllables, averaged and then compared into also averaged WAVE files. Results were additionally compared to FLAC lossless codec.

4

Perceptual Identification of Polish Vowels Due to F0 Changes

Owsianny Mariusz

Archives of Acoustics

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2019

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Vol. 44, No. 1

13--26

EN

The paper investigates the interdependence between the perceptual identification of the vocalic quality of six isolated Polish vowels traditionally defined by the spectral envelope and the fundamental frequency F0. The stimuli used in the listening experiments were natural female and male voices, which were modified by changing the F0 values in the ±1 octave range. The results were then compared with the outcome of the experiments on fully synthetic voices. Despite the differences in the generation of the investigated stimuli and their technical quality, consistent results were obtained. They confirmed the findings that in the perceptual identification of vowels of key importance is not only the position of the formants on the F1 × F2 plane but also their relationship to F0, the connection between the formants and the harmonics and other factors. The paper presents, in quantitative terms, all possible kinds of perceptual shifts of Polish vowels from one phonetic category to another in the function of voice pitch. An additional perceptual experiment was also conducted to check a broader range of F0 changes and their impact on the identification of vowels in CVC (consonant, vowel, consonant) structures. A mismatch between the formants and the glottal tone value can lead to a change in phonetic category.

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Acoustic Properties of Polish Vowels

Izydorczy J., Kłosowski P.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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1999

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Vol. 47, nr 1

29-37

EN

The article presents physical basics of human speech production. There are considered the most fundamental phonemes-vowels. Acoustic properties of vowels are extracted. It is observed that the most important are positions and shapes of first two formants. The rest of the spectral attributes of vowels, exception is voiced excitation, can be canelled. Vowels are still recognized by human. In the article acoustic model of vowels production is propsed and tested. Results are presented in graphic manner.